Pädiatrische Rhinologie. / Pädiatrische Rhinologie.

The following review article highlights key topics in pediatric rhinology that are currently the focus in research and at conferences as well as in the interdisciplinary discussion between otorhinolaryngologists and pediatricians. In particular, congenital malformations such as choanal atresia or nasal dermoid cysts are discussed, followed by statements on the current procedures for sinogenic orbital complications as well as on the diagnosis and therapy of chronic rhinosinusitis in children. Furthermore, updates on the role of the ENT specialist in the care for children with cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia are provided.

Análise da notificação de casos de doença de Chagas aguda na Amazônia Legal: um estudo ecológico de série temporal / Analysis of the notification of cases of acute Chagas disease in the Legal Amazon: an ecological time series study

O estudo objetiva analisar o panorama epidemiológico da doença de Chagas aguda (DCA) na Amazônia Legal de modo acurado, contribuindo para iniciativas de prevenção e combate. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico ecológico, de série temporal e com abordagem quantitativa, realizado mediante coleta de dados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), compreendendo o período de 2010 a 2020 nos estados da Amazônia Legal. Constatou-se o crescimento de 35,7% no número absoluto de notificações, com a maior incidência no estado do Pará, responsável por 82,6% dos registros em relação à região analisada em todo o período. Quanto à tendência da taxa de incidência, houve crescimento entre 2010 e 2018, seguida de uma tendência estacionária nos anos restantes. Há mais afetados entre os homens (54,8%) e com mais da metade das notificações em adultos de 20 a 59 anos de idade. Dessa forma, nota-se a preponderância do Pará em se tratando da notificação da doença, demonstrando a concentração da doença em determinada parcela do território, bem como o maior acometimento de pessoas do sexo masculino e em idade produtiva.

O estudo objetiva analisar o panorama epidemiológico da doença de Chagas aguda (DCA) na Amazônia Legal de modo acurado, contribuindo para iniciativas de prevenção e combate. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico ecológico, de série temporal e com abordagem quantitativa, realizado mediante coleta de dados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), compreendendo o período de 2010 a 2020 nos estados da Amazônia Legal. Constatou-se o crescimento de 35,7% no número absoluto de notificações, com a maior incidência no estado do Pará, responsável por 82,6% dos registros em relação à região analisada em todo o período. Quanto à tendência da taxa de incidência, houve crescimento entre 2010 e 2018, seguida de uma tendência estacionária nos anos restantes. Há mais afetados entre os homens (54,8%) e com mais da metade das notificações em adultos de 20 a 59 anos de idade. Dessa forma, nota-se a preponderância do Pará em se tratando da notificação da doença, demonstrando a concentração da doença em determinada parcela do território, bem como o maior acometimento de pessoas do sexo masculino e em idade produtiva.

Safety of surgical masks during physical activity evaluated with graded cycle ergometry test.

BACKGROUND: At the time of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic wearing surgical mask (SM) is recommended for the prevention of contracting or exposing others to airborne transmission of COVID-19. It is somewhat controversial whether wearing SM during exercise affects performance and health status and/or may influence the results. In order to give an answer we planned a prospective, randomized, crossover study to evaluate the effects of wearing a SM or no-SM in 33 (17 male) physically active healthy subjects during a graded exercise cycle ergometry test. METHODS: The two tests were performed in random order in the same subjects. The participants were all tested the same day, after a recovery time of at least of one hour, in order to avoid interferences on physical performances. Arterial oxygen saturation, heart rate and arterial blood pressure were assessed throughout the exercise tests every step of two minutes, at the end of exercise, performed at the same time with and without mask. RESULTS: Wearing SM had no effect on performance, since the duration of cycle ergometry test with SM and without SM median, respectively, was 14.2 (lower-upper quartile 13.9-14.8) versus 14.3 (13.9-15.5) minutes (P=0.094), and median peak power was 150 W (150-180) versus 150 W (120-180) (P=0.754). CONCLUSIONS: When expressed relative to peak exercise performance, no differences were found between wearing or not wearing SM regarding arterial oxygen saturation, or heart rate at any time during the exercise tests. Wearing SM during vigorous exercise had no detrimental effect on cardiovascular parameters, as well as on exercise metrics in all participants. No ventricular repolarization abnormalities and no arrhythmias were reported on the electrocardiograms.

Postprandial Metabolic and Oxidative Stress Responses to Grape Pomace Extract in Healthy Normal and Overweight/Obese Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study.

Postprandial oxidative stress has been shown to promote atherosclerosis. Grape pomace (GP) is a source of similar-to-wine bioactive micro-constituents with known antioxidant properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate metabolic and oxidative stress responses after the intake of grape pomace (GP) extract along with a high-fat meal, in normal and overweight healthy women. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, 18 women were finally included, 11 with BMI < 25 kg/m2 and 7 with BMI > 25 kg/m2, and consumed a high-fat meal with placebo or GP extract capsules in two separate visits. Blood samples were collected before and 6 h after the consumption. Measurements included basic biochemical markers, uric acid (UA), protein carbonyls (PC), thiobarbituric acid substance (TBARS) levels, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. At certain time points, the GP extract consumption in normal-weight women reduced UA, TBARS levels, and SOD activity, whereas it increased UA and reduced PC levels in overweight/obese women, compared to the placebo. GP-derived bioactive compounds may exert antioxidant actions during the postprandial state in healthy women, through different mechanisms according to their BMI status.

Genome Sequence of Jannaschia aquimarina GSW-M26, a Member of the Roseobacter Clade.

The Gram-negative alphaproteobacterium Jannaschia aquimarina GSW-M26 (DSM 28248) is a member of the Roseobacter clade. The size of the draft genome is 4.1 Mb. Genome analysis revealed the presence of genes encoding a complete gene transfer agent and aerobic anoxygenic photosynthesis. The latter indicated a photoheterotrophic lifestyle.