Perfil lipídico por trimestres del embarazo en gestantes sanas / Lipid profile by trimesters of pregnancy in healthy pregnant women / Perfil lipídico por trimestres de gestação em gestantes saudáveis

RESUMEN Con el objetivo de describir el perfil lipídico por trimestres de gestación en gestantes sanas, se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, el cual se condujo con 40 embarazadas entre 20 y 35 años, de un universo de 110, pertenecientes al policlínico "Jimmy Hirzel" de Bayamo, Granma, entre enero del 2017 y marzo del 2019. Se determinaron las concentraciones de colesterol total, triglicéridos, HDL-colesterol, LDL-colesterol y VLDL-colesterol. Se utilizó el análisis de varianza de un factor, y la prueba de Tukey de comparación múltiple de parejas de medias. El colesterol, los triglicéridos, el LDL-colesterol y el VLDL-colesterol variaron de forma significativa con el trimestre de gestación. El colesterol total se incrementó en el segundo y tercer trimestre en comparación con el primero, mientras que los triglicéridos, el LDL-colesterol y el VLDL-colesterol se incrementaron en el tercer trimestre en comparación con el primero. El HDL-colesterol no tuvo una variación significativa durante el embarazo. Se concluye que los valores del colesterol total, los triglicéridos, el LDL-colesterol y el VLDL-colesterol varían en relación con el trimestre de la gestación, aumentan de forma significativa en el tercer trimestre en comparación con el primer trimestre del embarazo, en tanto el HDL-colesterol no varía significativamente durante el embarazo.

ABSTRACT In order to describe the lipid profile by trimesters of pregnancy in healthy pregnant women, a descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with 40 pregnant women between 20 and 35 years of age, from a universe of 110, belonging to the "Jimmy Hirzel" Hospital in Bayamo, Granma, between January 2017 and March 2019. The concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol were determined. One-factor analysis of variance was used, and the Tukey's multiple comparison test of pairs of means Cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, and VLDL-cholesterol varied significantly with gestational trimester total cholesterol increased in the second and third trimesters compared with the first, while triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol increased in the third trimester compared to the first. HDL-cholesterol did not have a significant variation time during pregnancy. It is concluded that the values ​​of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol vary in relation to the trimester of pregnancy, they increase significantly in the third trimester compared to the first trimester of pregnancy, while HDL-cholesterol does not vary significantly during pregnancy.

RESUMO Com o objetivo de descrever o perfil lipídico por trimestres de gestação em gestantes saudáveis, foi realizado um estudo descritivo, transversal, com 40 gestantes entre 20 e 35 anos, de um universo de 110, pertencentes ao grupo "Jimmy Hirzel" Hospital em Bayamo, Granma, entre janeiro de 2017 e março de 2019. Foram determinadas as concentrações de colesterol total, triglicerídeos, HDL-colesterol, LDL-colesterol e VLDL-colesterol. Foi utilizada a análise de variância de um fator e o teste de comparação múltipla de Tukey de pares de médias Colesterol, triglicerídeos, LDL-colesterol e VLDL-colesterol variou significativamente com o trimestre gestacional O colesterol total aumentou no segundo e terceiro trimestres em comparação com o primeiro, enquanto os triglicerídeos, LDL-colesterol e VLDL-colesterol aumentaram no terceiro trimestre comparado ao primeiro. O HDL-colesterol não teve variação significativa durante a gravidez. Conclui-se que os valores de colesterol total, triglicerídeos, LDL-colesterol e VLDL-colesterol variam em relação ao trimestre de gestação, aumentam significativamente no terceiro trimestre em relação ao primeiro trimestre de gestação, enquanto o HDL-colesterol não não variam significativamente durante a gravidez.

Phytoestrogen Concentrations in Human Urine as Biomarkers for Dietary Phytoestrogen Intake in Mexican Women.

There has been substantial interest in phytoestrogens, because of their potential effect in reducing cancer and heart disease risk. Measuring concentrations of phytoestrogens in urine is an alternative method for conducting epidemiological studies. Our objective was to evaluate the urinary excretion of phytoestrogens as biomarkers for dietary phytoestrogen intake in Mexican women. Participants were 100 healthy women from 25 to 80 years of age. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a 24 h recall were used to estimate habitual and recent intakes of isoflavones, lignans, flavonols, coumestrol, resveratrol, naringenin, and luteolin. Urinary concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) using the electrospray ionization interface (ESI) and diode array detector (DAD) (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS). Spearman correlation coefficients were used to evaluate associations between dietary intake and urine concentrations. The habitual consumption (FFQ) of total phytoestrogens was 37.56 mg/day. In urine, the higher compounds were naringenin (60.1 µg/L) and enterolactone (41.7 µg/L). Recent intakes (24 h recall) of isoflavones (r = 0.460, p < 0.001), lignans (r = 0.550, p < 0.0001), flavonoids (r = 0.240, p < 0.05), and total phytoestrogens (r = 0.410, p < 0.001) were correlated to their urinary levels. Total phytoestrogen intakes estimated by the FFQ showed higher correlations to urinary levels (r = 0.730, p < 0.0001). Urinary phytoestrogens may be useful as biomarkers of phytoestrogen intake, and as a tool for evaluating the relationship of intake and disease risk in Mexican women.

Serum levels of phytoestrogens as biomarkers of intake in Mexican women.

Phytoestrogens have generated interest in human health in view of their potential effect to reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases. Serum levels of phytoestrogens have been proposed as an alternative to measure the exposure of phytoestrogens. We evaluated the use of serum as a biomarker of phytoestrogen's intake in healthy women. Phytoestrogens in serum (luteolin, kaempferol, equol, biochanin A, formononetin, quercetin, naringenin, coumestrol, secoisolariciresinol, genistein, matairesinol, enterolactone, enterodiol, daidzein, glycitein and resveratrol) were analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS. Subjects were asked to recall all foods and beverages consumed the previous 24 h. Association of dietary intake and serum concentrations was performed by Spearman correlation. Correlations were found for naringenin (r = 0.47, p < 0.001), luteolin (r = 0.4 p < 0.001), genistein (r = 0.32, p < 0.01) enterolactone (r = 0.35, p = 0.0553), coumestrol (r = 0.26, p = 0.0835) and resveratrol (r = 0.29, p = 0.0517). Serum levels as biomarkers of intake along with a 24-h recall would be useful in order to investigate the relationship between phytoestrogens and health.

Classical Xenopus laevis progesterone receptor associates to the plasma membrane through its ligand-binding domain.

During the last decade, considerable evidence is accumulating that supports the view that the classic progesterone receptor (xPR-1) is mediating Xenopus laevis oocyte maturation through a non-genomic mechanism. Overexpression and depletion of oocyte xPR-1 have been shown to accelerate and to block progesterone-induced oocyte maturation, respectively. In addition, rapid inhibition of plasma membrane adenylyl cyclase (AC) by the steroid hormone, supports the idea that xPR-1 should be localized at the oocyte plasma membrane. To test this hypothesis, we transiently transfected xPR-1 cDNA into Cos-7 cells and analyzed its subcellular distribution. Through Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis, we were able to detect xPR-1 associated to the plasma membrane of transfected Cos-7 cells. Additionally, using Progesterone-BSA-FITC, we identified specific progesterone-binding sites at the cell surface of xPR-1 expressing cells. Finally, we found that the receptor ligand-binding domain displayed membrane localization, in contrast to the N-terminal domain, which expressed in similar levels, remained cytosolic. Overall, these results indicate that a fraction of xPR-1 expressed in Cos-7 cells, associates to the plasma membrane through its LBD.