Pleural tuberculosis in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, during 2016 to 2022.

We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the burden of tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in patients with pleural effusion in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, during February 2016, to December 2022, using cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT, Xpert MTB/RIF). Of the 1370 pleural fluid samples tested at the National Reference Laboratory for tuberculosis, 3.8% (52/1370) were positive for M.tuberculosis. Rifampicin resistance was detected in 3.8% (2/52) samples. The positivity was 5% in 2016, increased to 7.5% in 2020, and was 4.4% in 2022. The positivity varied across age groups, ranging from 1.5% in patients aged >60 years to 6.1% in 15-30 years.