RESUMEN
AIM: This study investigated the associations of the surface charge of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) with the serum LDL-cholesterol and atherosclerosis levels in a community-based Japanese population. METHODS: The study had a cross-sectional design and included 409 community residents aged 35-79 years who did not take medications for dyslipidemia. The potential electric charge of LDL and the zeta potential, which indicate the surface charge of LDL, were measured by laser Doppler microelectrophoresis. The correlations of the zeta potential of LDL (-mV) with the serum LDL-cholesterol levels (mg/dL), cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels (log-transformed values, mg/L) were examined using Pearson's correlation coefficient (r). Linear regression models were constructed to examine these associations after adjusting for potential confounding factors. RESULTS: A total of 201 subjects with correctly stored samples were included in the primary analysis for zeta potential measurement. An inverse correlation was observed between the LDL zeta potential and the serum LDL-cholesterol levels (r=-0.20; p=0.004). This inverse association was observed after adjusting for sex, age, dietary cholesterol intake, smoking status, alcohol intake, body mass index, and the serum levels of the major classes of free fatty acids (standardized ß=-6.94; p=0.005). However, the zeta potential of LDL showed almost no association with CAVI or the serum hsCRP levels. Similar patterns were observed in the 208 subjects with compromised samples as well as all the original 409 subjects. CONCLUSION: A higher electronegative surface charge of LDL was associated with lower serum LDL-cholesterol levels in the general Japanese population.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Prevotella bacteria are associated with inherent diseases of the oral cavity, such as periodontal disease, and systemic diseases. Oral frailty (OF) has been associated with nursing necessity and death. However, the relationship between OF and oral microbiota has not been fully clarified. OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study investigated the association between OF and Prevotella percentage in the oral microbiota of community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: Oral bacteria species from saliva were identified in 208 community-dwelling older individuals aged ≥60 years in Japan. The proportion of Prevotella in the oral microbiota was classified into three tertile groups, and its relationship with each test item for OF (number of remaining teeth, masticatory performance, oral diadochokinesis, tongue pressure, difficulties eating tough foods, difficulties swallowing tea or soup, number of applicable OF judgement items, and existence of OF) was examined using ordinal logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The Prevotella proportions were classified into lower, middle and upper groups, comprising 70, 69 and 69 participants, respectively. The three groups showed a significant relationship between the number of remaining teeth (odds ratio [OR]: 0.946, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.915-0.977), masticatory performance (OR: 0.897, 95% CI: 0.844-0.953), number of applicable OF judgement items (OR: 1.477, 95% CI: 1.14-1.915), and existence of OF (OR: 4.194, 95% CI: 1.519-11.576). CONCLUSION: The proportion of Prevotella in oral microbiota was high in individuals with OF. Among the older adults, the type of oral microbiota and systemic diseases may be related to the examination and management of oral function decline.
Asunto(s)
Fragilidad , Vida Independiente , Microbiota , Prevotella , Humanos , Anciano , Masculino , Prevotella/aislamiento & purificación , Femenino , Japón , Estudios Transversales , Fragilidad/microbiología , Microbiota/fisiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Boca/microbiología , Saliva/microbiología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Masticación/fisiología , Salud BucalRESUMEN
BackgroundDisasters such as earthquakes, terrorism, and pandemics have triggered post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and discrimination against the affected individuals has been linked to the development of PTSD. However, there is limited evidence regarding the association between discrimination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and probable PTSD in Japan.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study utilizing a web-based questionnaire targeting individuals who had contracted the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Sapporo City. A total of 4247 individuals with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection spanning from February 2020 to February 2022 completed the questionnaire (response rate: 15.9%). Probable PTSD was measured using the three-item Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale. The stratified exact logistic regression was applied to calculate the odds ratios (OR) of probable PTSD for COVID-19-related discrimination with adjusted factors.ResultsThis study included 3626 patients who had a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among them, 321 patients (8.9%) experienced COVID-19-related discrimination. The prevalence of probable PTSD was 19.6% (63/321) among the patients who experienced COVID-19-related discrimination, and 4.6% (152/3305) among those who had not encountered such discrimination. The adjusted OR of COVID-19-related discrimination for probable PTSD was 4.68 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 3.36-6.53). The population attributable fraction of probable PTSD attributable to COVID-19-related discrimination among COVID-19 patients was estimated to be 23.4% (95% CI, 21.5-25.3).ConclusionThe comprehensive epidemiological survey of COVID-19 patients in Japan showed that COVID-19-related discrimination was associated with a higher prevalence of probable PTSD. Mitigating discrimination could be helpful to attenuate PTSD in future pandemics.
RESUMEN
AIMS: Several diet quality indicators have been developed primarily for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention in Western countries. However, those previous indicators are complicated and less feasible in clinical and health-promoting settings. Therefore, we aimed to develop a concise dietary risk score for CVD prevention in Japanese. METHODS: Using the self-administered food frequency questionnaire with 35 food items, we developed a concise healthy diet score (cHDS) ranging from 0 to 5 points. We examined the association of cHDS with risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality among 23,115 men and 35,557 women who were free of CVD and cancer. RESULTS: During 19.2 years of median follow-up, 6,291 men and 5,365 women died. In men, the multivariable hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the highest cHDS (5 points) compared to the lowest (0-1 points) were 0.74 (0.60-0.91, P-trend=0.008) for CVD and 0.86 (0.77-0.95, P-trend=0.05) for all causes. No significant associations were found for stroke, coronary heart disease, and other causes in men. The corresponding hazard ratio in women was 0.65 (0.52-0.81, P-trendï¼0.001) for CVD, 0.63 (0.45-0.88, P-trendï¼0.001) for stroke, 0.48 (0.30-0.78, P-trend=0.008) for coronary heart disease, 0.67 (0.54-0.84, P-trendï¼0.001) for other causes, and 0.75 (0.66-0.85, P-trendï¼0.001) for all causes. CONCLUSION: We developed a concise diet quality score named cHDS in the Japanese population and found the inverse association of cHDS with mortality from CVD and all causes for both men and women.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests a possible link between diabetes and gastric cancer risk, but the findings remain inconclusive, with limited studies in the Asian population. We aimed to assess the impact of diabetes and diabetes duration on the development of gastric cancer overall, by anatomical and histological subtypes. METHODS: A pooled analysis was conducted using 12 prospective studies included in the Asia Cohort Consortium. Among 558 981 participants (median age 52), after a median follow-up of 14.9 years and 10.5 years, 8556 incident primary gastric cancers and 8058 gastric cancer deaths occurred, respectively. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate study-specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and pooled using random-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS: Diabetes was associated with an increased incidence of overall gastric cancer (HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.06-1.25). The risk association did not differ significantly by sex (women vs men: HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.07-1.60 vs 1.12, 1.01-1.23), anatomical subsites (noncardia vs cardia: 1.14, 1.02-1.28 vs 1.17, 0.77-1.78) and histological subtypes (intestinal vs diffuse: 1.22, 1.02-1.46 vs 1.00, 0.62-1.61). Gastric cancer risk increased significantly during the first decade following diabetes diagnosis (HR 4.70, 95% CI 3.77-5.86), and decreased with time (nonlinear p < .01). Positive associations between diabetes and gastric cancer mortality were observed (HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.03-1.28) but attenuated after a 2-year time lag. CONCLUSION: Diabetes was associated with an increased gastric cancer incidence regardless of sex, anatomical subsite, or subtypes of gastric cancer. The risk of gastric cancer was particularly high during the first decade following diabetes diagnosis.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus , Neoplasias Gástricas , Humanos , Neoplasias Gástricas/epidemiología , Neoplasias Gástricas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Gástricas/patología , Incidencia , Masculino , Femenino , Asia/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiología , Diabetes Mellitus/mortalidad , Factores de Riesgo , Estudios Prospectivos , Estudios de Cohortes , Anciano , AdultoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The family history of gastric cancer holds important implications for cancer surveillance and prevention, yet existing evidence predominantly comes from case-control studies. We aimed to investigate the association between family history of gastric cancer and gastric cancer risk overall and by various subtypes in Asians in a prospective study. METHODS: We included 12 prospective cohorts with 550,508 participants in the Asia Cohort Consortium. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate study-specific adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between family history of gastric cancer and gastric cancer incidence and mortality, then pooled using random-effects meta-analyses. Stratified analyses were performed for the anatomical subsites and histological subtypes. RESULTS: During the mean follow-up of 15.6 years, 2258 incident gastric cancers and 5194 gastric cancer deaths occurred. The risk of incident gastric cancer was higher in individuals with a family history of gastric cancer (HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.32-1.58), similarly in males (1.44, 1.31-1.59) and females (1.45, 1.23-1.70). Family history of gastric cancer was associated with both cardia (HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.00-1.60) and non-cardia subsites (1.49, 1.35-1.65), and with intestinal- (1.48, 1.30-1.70) and diffuse-type (1.59, 1.35-1.87) gastric cancer incidence. Positive associations were also found for gastric cancer mortality (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.19-1.41). CONCLUSIONS: In this largest prospective study to date on family history and gastric cancer, a familial background of gastric cancer increased the risk of gastric cancer in the Asian population. Targeted education, screening, and intervention in these high-risk groups may reduce the burden of gastric cancer.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Gástricas , Humanos , Neoplasias Gástricas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Gástricas/epidemiología , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Masculino , Femenino , Incidencia , Asia/epidemiología , Estudios Prospectivos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Anciano , Adulto , Estudios de Seguimiento , Predisposición Genética a la EnfermedadRESUMEN
There has been growing evidence suggesting that diabetes may be associated with increased liver cancer risk. However, studies conducted in Asian countries are limited. This project considered data of 968,738 adults pooled from 20 cohort studies of Asia Cohort Consortium to examine the association between baseline diabetes and liver cancer incidence and mortality. Cox proportional hazard model and competing risk approach was used for pooled data. Two-stage meta-analysis across studies was also done. There were 839,194 subjects with valid data regarding liver cancer incidence (5654 liver cancer cases [48.29/100,000 person-years]), follow-up time and baseline diabetes (44,781 with diabetes [5.3%]). There were 747,198 subjects with valid data regarding liver cancer mortality (5020 liver cancer deaths [44.03/100,000 person-years]), follow-up time and baseline diabetes (43,243 with diabetes [5.8%]). Hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval [95%CI]) of liver cancer diagnosis in those with vs. without baseline diabetes was 1.97 (1.79, 2.16) (p < .0001) after adjusting for baseline age, gender, body mass index, tobacco smoking, alcohol use, and heterogeneity across studies (n = 586,072; events = 4620). Baseline diabetes was associated with increased cumulative incidence of death due to liver cancer (adjusted HR (95%CI) = 1.97 (1.79, 2.18); p < .0001) (n = 595,193; events = 4110). A two-stage meta-analytic approach showed similar results. This paper adds important population-based evidence to current literature regarding the increased incidence and mortality of liver cancer in adults with diabetes. The analysis of data pooled from 20 studies of different Asian countries and the meta-analysis across studies with large number of subjects makes the results robust.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Hepáticas , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/epidemiología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidad , Incidencia , Asia/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios de Cohortes , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiología , Diabetes Mellitus/mortalidad , Factores de Riesgo , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , AncianoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies have shown inconsistent results regarding the link between smoking and breast cancer risk, despite the biological plausibility of a positive association. METHODS: Participants were 166â611 women from nine prospective cohort studies in Japan which launched in 1984-1994 and followed for 8-22 years. Information on smoking and secondhand smoke was obtained through self-administered baseline questionnaires. Breast cancer was defined as code C50 according to the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, 3rd Edition or the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision. After adjusting for several potential confounders, relative risks for breast cancer were calculated in the individual studies according to the current or previous status of active and passive smoking using Cox regression, followed by a summary estimate of hazard ratios using random-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS: Of the 60â441 participants who reported being premenopausal and 106â170 who reported being postmenopausal at baseline, 897 and 1168 developed breast cancer during follow-up, respectively. Compared with never smokers, current smokers had a higher risk of developing breast cancer before the age of 50 years. In addition, ever smokers who started smoking at 30 years of age or younger, or who started smoking before first childbirth, had a higher risk of developing breast cancer before the age of 50 years. No association between adulthood or childhood exposure to secondhand smoke and breast cancer was observed. CONCLUSION: Smoking may increase the risk of premenopausal breast cancer, and smoking earlier in life might be especially harmful. The impact of secondhand smoke needs further investigation.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama , Contaminación por Humo de Tabaco , Femenino , Humanos , Neoplasias de la Mama/epidemiología , Neoplasias de la Mama/etiología , Japón/epidemiología , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Contaminación por Humo de Tabaco/efectos adversosRESUMEN
This study aimed to determine the relationship between specific information source usage and uptake of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. We analyzed 3348 participants aged 20 to 65 years who were not diagnosed with COVID-19 in a case-control study in Sapporo, Japan. The most prevalent information source on COVID-19 was television (TV; 87.8%), followed by online news sites (74.3%), newspapers (38.7%), websites of public institutions (30.9%), and families (29.7%). Multivariate logistic regression showed that the adjusted odds ratios of incompletion of second vaccinations for users of TV and newspaper to gather COVID-19 information were 0.31 and 0.32, respectively, whereas those for users of books, commercial video sites, Facebook, and "personal blog or bulletin board system" were 3.34, 2.22, 2.36, and 4.81, respectively. Social media use among older or male participants was associated with lower vaccine uptake.
Asunto(s)
Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Medios de Comunicación Sociales , Humanos , Japón , Medios de Comunicación Sociales/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Femenino , Anciano , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/administración & dosificación , COVID-19/prevención & control , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Objective In 2022, Wenning et al. proposed the Movement Disorder Society Criteria (MDS Criteria) for the Diagnosis of Multiple System Atrophy (MSA). These criteria were expected to provide useful alternatives to the second consensus statement. We examined trends in these diagnostic criteria. Methods We used patient data registered with the Hokkaido Rare Disease Consortium for Multiple System Atrophy, which has been recruiting patients with MSA through medical facilities in Hokkaido since November 2014. Patients were evaluated according to the MDS criteria based on neurological examinations and imaging findings at three separate times: the first evaluation, the time of enrollment (diagnosis), and the most recent evaluation (final evaluation). Results The MDS criteria were examined in 68 of 244 patients enrolled between November 2014 and July 2022. At the initial evaluation, the classifications were as follows: clinically established (n=27; 39.7%); clinically probable (n=13; 19.1%); possible prodromal (n=12; 17.6%); and negative (did not meet criteria (n=16; 23.5%). At the time of diagnosis, the classifications were as follows: clinically established (n=45; 66.2%); clinically probable (n=12; 17.6%); possible prodromal (n=4; 5.9%); and negative (n=7; 10.3%). At the final evaluation, the classifications were as follows: clinically established (n=52; 76.5%); clinically probable (n=9; 13.2%); possible prodromal (n=2; 2.9%); and negative (n=5; 7.4%). Conclusions We were able to clarify the changes in the criteria values and transition of patients due to the clarification of imaging and supportive findings in the MDS criteria.
RESUMEN
AIM: Less is known about the impact of supper time on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among hypertensives and nonhypertensives. We aimed to explore this issue in a cohort study. METHODS: We analyzed the data of 72,658 participants (15,386 hypertensives and 57,272 nonhypertensives) aged 40-79 years without a history of CVD at baseline (1988-1990) under the Japan Collaborative Cohort study. Supper time was assessed based on self-reported questionnaires categorized as before 17:00, between 17:00 and 20:00, after 20:00, irregular supper time, and reference supper time (17:00-20:00). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of CVD mortality were calculated according to supper time after adjustment for potential confounders, stratified by hypertensive status and age group (ï¼65 and ≥ 65 years). RESULTS: During a median of 19.4 years of follow-up, 4,850 CVD deaths were recorded. Compared with the reference time, the risk of CVD mortality was higher for irregular supper time for the total population, either hypertensives or nonhypertensives, more specifically hypertensives aged ≥ 65 years; the multivariable HR (95% CI) of CVD mortality in the total population was 1.28 (1.11-1.50, Pï¼0.01). The supper time of ï¼20:00 tended to be associated with the higher risk only for hypertensives; the multivariable HR was 1.39 (0.98-1.96, P=0.06). CONCLUSION: Irregular supper time was associated with an increased risk of CVD mortality. Supper timing could be a surrogate marker for CVD risk.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Hipertensión , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Femenino , Masculino , Hipertensión/complicaciones , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Hipertensión/mortalidad , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/mortalidad , Anciano , Adulto , Japón/epidemiología , Factores de Tiempo , Estudios de Seguimiento , Factores de Riesgo , Estudios de Cohortes , Pronóstico , Tasa de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Japan and worldwide. Emerging literature has suggested unfavorable health outcomes associated with daytime napping. Herein, we aimed to investigate the association between daytime napping and the risk of gastric cancer among Japanese people. METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 49,037 participants, aged 40-79 years, from the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study (JACC Study). Participants with positive cancer history and those who reported night or rotational shift work were excluded. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incident gastric cancer among daytime nappers. RESULTS: Within 650,040 person-years (median = 13.7 years) of follow-up, 1,164 participants developed gastric cancer. Daytime napping was associated with the increased risk of gastric cancer in the multivariable-adjusted model: HR (95% CI) = 1.14 (1.01, 1.29). The excess risk did not significantly differ across sexes, age groups (<65 and ≥65 years), and employment status (employed and unemployed) (p-interactions > 0.40). However, sleep duration modified this effect: HRs (95% CIs) = 1.66 (1.23, 2.23) in sleep duration ≤6 h/night versus 1.06 (0.93, 1.21) in sleep duration >6 h/night (p-interaction = 0.006). CONCLUSION: Daytime napping was associated with increased gastric cancer risk, especially among those who reported short sleep duration.
Asunto(s)
Sueño , Neoplasias Gástricas , Humanos , Neoplasias Gástricas/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Adulto , Estudios Prospectivos , Sueño/fisiología , Japón/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Estudios de Cohortes , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , IncidenciaRESUMEN
The female predominance of gallbladder cancer (GBC) has led to a hypothesis regarding the hormone-related aetiology of GBC. We aimed to investigate the association between female reproductive factors and GBC risk, considering birth cohorts of Asian women. We conducted a pooled analysis of 331,323 women from 12 cohorts across 4 countries (China, Japan, Korea, and Singapore) in the Asia Cohort Consortium. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the association between reproductive factors (age at menarche, parity, age at first delivery, breastfeeding, and age at menopause) and GBC risk. We observed that a later age at menarche was associated with an increased risk of GBC (HR 1.4, 95% CI 1.16-1.70 for 17 years and older vs. 13-14 years), especially among the cohort born in 1940 and later (HR 2.5, 95% CI 1.50-4.35). Among the cohort born before 1940, women with a later age at first delivery showed an increased risk of GBC (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.08-2.24 for 31 years of age and older vs. 20 years of age and younger). Other reproductive factors did not show a clear association with GBC risk. Later ages at menarche and at first delivery were associated with a higher risk of GBC, and these associations varied by birth cohort.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar , Menarquia , Humanos , Femenino , Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar/epidemiología , Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar/etiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Adulto , Asia/epidemiología , Anciano , Estudios de Cohortes , Historia Reproductiva , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Menopausia , Factores de Edad , Adolescente , ParidadRESUMEN
Previous studies have investigated the association between reproductive factors and lung cancer risk; however, findings have been inconsistent. In order to assess this association among Asian women, a total of 308,949 female participants from 11 prospective cohorts and four Asian countries (Japan, Korea, China, and Singapore) were included. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 3,119 primary lung cancer cases and 2247 lung cancer deaths were identified with a mean follow-up of 16.4 years. Parous women had a lower risk of lung cancer incidence and mortality as compared with nulliparous women, with HRs of 0.82 (95% CI = 0.70-0.96) and 0.78 (95% CI = 0.65-0.94). The protective association of parity and lung cancer incidence was greater among ever-smokers (HR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.49-0.87) than in never-smokers (HR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.74-1.09) (P-interaction = 0.029). Compared with age at first delivery ≤20 years, older age at first delivery (21-25, ≥26 years) was associated with a lower risk of lung cancer incidence and mortality. Women who ever used hormone replacements had a higher likelihood of developing non-small cell lung cancer (HR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.02-1.68), compared to those who never used hormone replacements. Future studies are needed to assess the underlying mechanisms, the relationships within these female reproductive factors, and the potential changes in smoking habits over time.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Embarazo , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Estudios Prospectivos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/epidemiología , Asia/epidemiología , Hormonas , Factores de Riesgo , Modelos de Riesgos ProporcionalesRESUMEN
Mounting evidence suggests that body mass index (BMI) is inversely associated with the risk of lung cancer. However, relatively few studies have explored this association in Asian people, who have a much lower prevalence of obesity than Caucasians. We pooled data from 10 prospective cohort studies involving 444,143 Japanese men and women to address the association between BMI and the risk of lung cancer. Study-specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated in each cohort using the Cox proportional hazards model. A meta-analysis was undertaken by combining the results from each cohort. Heterogeneity across studies was evaluated using Cochran's Q and I2statistics. During 5,730,013 person-years of follow-up, 6454 incident lung cancer cases (4727 men and 1727 women) were identified. Baseline BMI was inversely associated with lung cancer risk in men and women combined. While leanness (BMI <18.5) was associated with a higher risk of lung cancer (HR 1.35; 95% CI, 1.16-1.57), overweight and obesity were associated with a lower risk, with HRs of 0.77 (95% CI, 0.71-0.84) and 0.69 (95% CI, 0.45-1.07), respectively. Every 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI was associated with a 21% lower risk of lung cancer (HR 0.79; 95% CI, 0.75-0.83; p < 0.0001). Our pooled analysis indicated that BMI is inversely associated with the risk of lung cancer in the Japanese population. This inverse association could be partly attributed to residual confounding by smoking, as it was more pronounced among male smokers.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Índice de Masa Corporal , Japón/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/etiología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/complicaciones , Estudios Prospectivos , Obesidad/complicaciones , Obesidad/epidemiología , Modelos de Riesgos ProporcionalesRESUMEN
The Japan Diabetes Society and the Japan Cancer Association launched a joint committee and published their "First Joint Committee Report on Diabetes and Cancer" in 2013, compiling recommendations for physicians and health-care providers as well as for the general population. In 2016, the "Second Joint Committee Report on Diabetes and Cancer" summarized the current evidence on glycemic control and cancer risk in patients with diabetes. The current "Third Joint Committee Report on Diabetes and Cancer", for which the joint committee also enlisted the assistance of the Japanese Society of Clinical Oncology and the Japanese Society of Medical Oncology, reports on the results from the questionnaire survey, "Diabetes Management in Patients Receiving Cancer Therapy," which targeted oncologists responsible for cancer management and diabetologists in charge of glycemic control in cancer patients. The results of the current survey indicated that there is a general consensus among oncologists and diabetologists with regard to the need for guidelines on glycemic control goals, the relevance of glycemic control, and glycemic control during cancer therapy in cancer patients.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus , Neoplasias , Oncólogos , Médicos , Humanos , Japón/epidemiología , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiología , Neoplasias/epidemiología , Neoplasias/terapia , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
The Japan Diabetes Society (JDS) and the Japan Cancer Association (JCA) launched a joint committee and published their "First Joint Committee Report on Diabetes and Cancer" in 2013, compiling recommendations for physicians and healthcare providers as well as for the general population. In 2016, the "Second Joint Committee Report on Diabetes and Cancer" summarized the current evidence on glycemic control and cancer risk in patients with diabetes. The current "Third Joint Committee Report on Diabetes and Cancer", for which the joint committee also enlisted the assistance of the Japanese Society of Clinical Oncology (JSCO) and the Japanese Society of Medical Oncology (JSMO), reports on the results from the questionnaire survey, "Diabetes Management in Patients Receiving Cancer Therapy," which targeted oncologists responsible for cancer management and diabetologists in charge of glycemic control in cancer patients. The results of the current survey demonstrated that there is a general consensus among oncologists and diabetologists with regard to the need for guidelines on glycemic control goals, the relevance of glycemic control, and glycemic control during cancer therapy in cancer patients.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The birth cohort effect has been suggested to influence the rate of breast cancer incidence and the trends of associated reproductive and lifestyle factors. We conducted a cohort study to determine whether a differential pattern of associations exists between certain factors and breast cancer risk based on birth cohorts. METHODS: This was a cohort study using pooled data from 12 cohort studies. We analysed associations between reproductive (menarche age, menopause age, parity and age at first delivery) and lifestyle (smoking and alcohol consumption) factors and breast cancer risk. We obtained hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using the Cox proportional hazard regression analysis on the 1920s, 1930s, 1940s and 1950s birth cohorts. RESULTS: Parity was found to lower the risk of breast cancer in the older but not in the younger birth cohort, whereas lifestyle factors showed associations with breast cancer risk only among the participants born in the 1950s. In the younger birth cohort group, the effect size was lower for parous women compared to the other cohort groups (HR [95% CI] 0.86 [0.66-1.13] compared to 0.60 [0.49-0.73], 0.46 [0.38-0.56] and 0.62 [0.51-0.77]). Meanwhile, a higher effect size was found for smoking (1.45 [1.14-1.84] compared to 1.25 [0.99-1.58], 1.06 [0.85-1.32] and 0.86 [0.69-1.08]) and alcohol consumption (1.22 [1.01-1.48] compared to 1.10 [0.90-1.33], 1.15 [0.96-1.38], and 1.07 [0.91-1.26]). CONCLUSION: We observed different associations of parity, smoking and alcohol consumption with breast cancer risk across various birth cohorts.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama , Embarazo , Femenino , Humanos , Neoplasias de la Mama/epidemiología , Neoplasias de la Mama/etiología , Cohorte de Nacimiento , Estudios de Cohortes , Japón , Factores de Riesgo , Estilo de Vida , China , República de CoreaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The neurological prognosis of asphyxia is poor and the effect of advanced airway management (AAM) in the prehospital setting remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between AAM with adrenaline injection and prognosis in adult patients with asystole asphyxia out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). METHODS: This study assessed all-Japan Utstein cohort registry data between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2019. We used propensity score matching analyses before logistic regression analysis to evaluate the effect of AAM on favorable neurological outcome. RESULTS: There were 879,057 OHCA cases, including 70,299 cases of asphyxia OHCAs. We extracted the data of 13,642 cases provided with adrenaline injection by emergency medical service. We divided 7,945 asphyxia OHCA cases in asystole into 5,592 and 2,353 with and without AAM, respectively. After 1:1 propensity score matching, 2,338 asphyxia OHCA cases with AAM were matched with 2,338 cases without AAM. Favorable neurological outcome was not significantly different between the AAM and no AAM groups (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5-2.5). However, the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) (adjusted OR 1.7; 95% CI, 1.5-1.9) and 1-month survival (adjusted OR 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1-1.9) were improved in the AAM group. CONCLUSION: AAM with adrenaline injection for patients with asphyxia OHCA in asystole was associated with improved ROSC and 1-month survival rate but showed no differences in neurologically favorable outcome. Further prospective studies may comprehensively evaluate the effect of AAM for patients with asphyxia.
Asunto(s)
Reanimación Cardiopulmonar , Paro Cardíaco Extrahospitalario , Adulto , Humanos , Paro Cardíaco Extrahospitalario/terapia , Estudios Prospectivos , Reanimación Cardiopulmonar/efectos adversos , Asfixia/complicaciones , Japón/epidemiología , Manejo de la Vía Aérea , Pronóstico , Epinefrina/uso terapéutico , Sistema de RegistrosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: For therapeutic efficacy, molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir must be started to treat patients within 5 days of disease onset to treat patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, some patients spend more than 5 days from disease onset before reporting to the Public Health Office. This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of patients with reporting delay. METHODS: This study included data from 12,399 patients with COVID-19 who reported to the Public Health Office from March 3rd, 2021 to June 30th, 2021. Patients were stratified into "linked" (n = 7,814) and "unlinked" (n = 4,585) cases depending on whether they were linked to other patients. A long reporting delay was defined as the difference between the onset and reporting dates of 5 days or more. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using log-binomial regression to identify factors related to long reporting delay, and prevalence ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS: The proportion of long reporting delay was 24.4% (1,904/7,814) and 29.3% (1,344/4,585) in linked and unlinked cases, respectively. Risks of long reporting delay among linked cases were living alone and onset on the day with a higher 7-day daily average confirmed cases or onset on weekends; whereas, risks for unlinked cases were age over 65 years, without occupation, and living alone. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest the necessity to establish a Public Health Office system that is less susceptible to the rapid increase in the number of patients, promotes educational activities for people with fewer social connections, and improves access to health care.