Leucosceptrane sesterterpenoids from Tibetan Leucosceptrum canum and their immunosuppressive activity.

Phytochemical investigation on the leaves of Tibetan Leucosceptrum canum, a Chinese medicinal herb, led to the isolation of seven new leucosceptrane sesterterpenoids (1-7) and five known analogs (8-12). Comprehensive spectroscopic analysis (including 1D and 2D NMR, and HRMS), quantum chemistry computations, and single crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis were applied to elucidate their structures. Compounds 1-3 and 6 were the first examples of the leucosceptrane sesterterpenoids with rare C-2 oxidation. Compound 2 exhibited immunosuppressive activities via suppressing the secretion of cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α in LPS-induced macrophages RAW264.7 with IC50 values of 13.39 and 19.34 µM, respectively.

New triterpenoids from the aerial parts of the Uygur medicine Salvia deserta.

Phytochemical investigation on the aerial parts of Salvia deserta led to the isolation of eight new pentacyclic triterpenoids including three oleanane- (1 - 3) and five ursane-type (4 - 8) triterpenoids, whose structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analysis and quantum chemical calculation. Weak immunosuppressive potency was observed for compounds 1, 2, and 4 - 8 via inhibiting the secretion of cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in LPS-induced macrophages RAW264.7 at 20 µM. In addition, compounds 1, 2, and 4 - 6 exhibited moderate protective activity on t-BHP-induced oxidative injury in HepG2 cells.

Perioperative, oncologic, and functional outcomes of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy for special types of renal tumors (hilar, endophytic, or cystic): an evidence-based analysis of comparative outcomes.

Purpose: This study aims to perform a pooled analysis to compare the outcomes of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) between complex tumors (hilar, endophytic, or cystic) and non-complex tumors (nonhilar, exophytic, or solid) and evaluate the effects of renal tumor complexity on outcomes in patients undergoing RAPN. Methods: Four databases were systematically searched, including Science, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, to identify relevant studies published in English up to December 2022. Review Manager 5.4 was used for statistical analyses and calculations. The study was registered with PROSPERO (Registration number: CRD42023394792). Results: In total, 14 comparative trials, including 3758 patients were enrolled. Compared to non-complex tumors, complex tumors were associated with a significantly longer warm ischemia time (WMD 3.67 min, 95% CI 1.78, 5.57; p = 0.0001), more blood loss (WMD 22.84 mL, 95% CI 2.31, 43.37; p = 0.03), and a higher rate of major complications (OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.50, 3.67; p = 0.0002). However, no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in operative time, length of stay, transfusion rates, conversion to open nephrectomy and radical nephrectomy rates, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline, intraoperative complication, overall complication, positive surgical margins (PSM), local recurrence, and trifecta achievement. Conclusions: RAPN can be a safe and effective procedure for complex tumors (hilar, endophytic, or cystic) and provides comparable functional and oncologic outcomes to non-complex tumors. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=394792, identifier CRD42023394792.