[The effects of low pre-pregnant lead exposure level on maternal bone turnover during gestation and lactation in mice].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of low pre-pregnant lead exposure level on the mobilization of lead and calcium in maternal skeleton during gestation and lactation in mice. METHODS: Seventy Kunming female mice were randomly divided into the lead exposure or control groups, 36 mice were exposed to lead by drinking water (50 mg/L) and 36 mice were exposed to deionized water for 4 weeks. The levels of calcium and lead in blood and femurs were measured on the 1st, 7th and 14th days during gestation and on the 1st,10th and 21st days during lactation with atomic absorption spectrophotometry using a heated graphite atomizer or flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. RESULTS: As compared with the pre-pregnant, at the end of lactation in exposure group the levels of calcium in blood and bones significantly decreased 18.5% and 17.75%, respectively, the levels of lead in blood significantly increased 65.22% and the levels of lead in bones significantly decreased 28.45% (P < 0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between the blood lead level and the bone lead level during gestation and lactation in exposure group (r = -0.904, P < 0.01). There were significant differences of lead and calcium levels during the gestation and lactation between exposure group and control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The lead mobilization in maternal bone occurred during gestation and lactation in mice, which could be accelerated by the low pre-pregnant lead exposure.

[Study on the relations between overweight, obesity, blood pressures, serum lipids and glucose in schoolchildren of Shijiazhunag].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clustering character of overweight and obesity with multiple cardiovascular disease risk factors such as blood pressure, serum lipids and glucose, and to provide evidence for intervention in childhood. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 913 children aged 7-13 years in urban area of Shijiazhuang. Measurements included height, weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and fasting serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and serum glucose (GLU). RESULTS: Overall prevalence rate of overweight and obesity was 29.24% (boys: 34.98% vs. girls: 24.23%). When compared with normal children, children with overweight or obesity had significantly higher levels of SBP, DBP, TC, TG but low HDL-C. The prevalence rates of high SBP, DBP, TC, TG, GLU and low HDL-C in overweight and obese children were higher than in normal children. After adjusted for gender and age, the odds ratios of overweight and obese children for high SBP, DBP, TC, TG, GLU and low HDL-C were 6.77, 3.22, 2.55, 6.42, 3.85 and 2.94 (95% CI: 4.15-11.04, 1.38-7.49, 1.59-4.11, 3.46-11.92, 1.69-8.78 and 1.83-4.73), respectively. Odds ratios of overweight and obese children holding any one, two or three of the selected six risk factors appeared to be 2.74, 13.15 and 15.33 (95% CI : 1.92-3.92, 6.69-25.87 and 4.17-56.39), respectively. CONCLUSION: Childhood overweight and obesity increased the clustering of children's risk factors on cardiovascular diseases, as well as increasing the risk of children acquiring multiple cardiovascular disease risk factors. Controlling overweight and obesity would help early prevention on children from getting cardiovascular diseases.