[The clinical characteristics of 497 children with congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia].

Objective: To investigate the clinical and radiologic characteristics of children with congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) in a single center. Methods: This is a retrospective case series study. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, clinical data of 497 children with CPT who were treated at Department of Orthopedics, the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University from January 2011 to December 2020 were collected. Baseline data included gender, age at initial visit, age at onset of symptoms, accompanying symptoms, domicile, whether first treated at our hospital, and treatment-related information such as surgical or conservative treatment, surgical complications, etc., were extracted and analyzed using the health information system. Imaging data of the children, including Crawford classification, bilateral leg lengths, presence of fibular pseudarthrosis, and location of pseudarthrosis along the tibia segment, were analyzed using the Picture Archiving and Communication System. Data were compared using independent sample t-test or χ2 tests. Results: Among 497 children with CPT, there were 305 males (61.4 %) and 192 females (38.6%). The age at initial visit was (3.6±3.2) years (range: 0.1 to 16.2 years). Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) symptoms were positive in 340 children (68.4%), and negative in 157 children (31.6 %). Among NF1-positive children, those with symptoms onset before 1 year of age were significantly more than NF1-negative children (74.1%(252/340) vs. 66.2%(104/157);χ2=9.24, P=0.001), and the proportion of fractures (92.9%,316/340) was significantly higher than that in the NF1-negative group (84.7%,133/157) (χ2=8.33, P=0.004). According to imaging data, Crawford type Ⅳ was the most common type, with 321 cases (63.3%), followed by type Ⅱ in 100 cases (19.7%), type Ⅲ in 54 cases (10.7 %) and type Ⅰ in 32 cases (6.3%). Pseudarthrosis occurred in the proximal third of the tibia in 14 cases (2.8 %), in the middle third in 185 cases (36.5 %), and in the distal third in 308 cases (60.8 %). Seventy-four children (14.9 %) had associated fibular pseudarthrosis. The lateral proximal tibial angle was 86.91°±5.21°(range: 72.17° to 102.08°), and the lateral distal tibial angle was 87.27°±10.73°(range: 51.07° to 128.17°). A total of 421 children (84.7%) underwent surgical treatment with (3.1±2.4) surgeries performed per child (range: 0 to 12 surgeries); 76 children (15.3 %) received conservative treatment. Postoperative complications mainly included ankle valgus (77 cases), leg length discrepancy (71 cases), refracture (48 cases), osteomyelitis (11 cases), and hardware failure (10 cases). NF1-positive children underwent more surgeries than NF1-negative children ((5.1±2.2)times vs.(2.1±1.8)times;t=14.93,P<0.01). Conclusions: Crawford type Ⅳ is the most common type of CPT in children. CPT predominantly occurs in the middle or distal third of the tibia. The majority of children with CPT experienced symptoms and were seen at outpatient clinics before the age of 3 years. The main surgical complications currently associated with CPT treatment are ankle valgus and leg length discrepancy. Compared with CPT without NF1, children with NF1-positive CPT tend to have earlier symptom onset and may require more frequent treatments.

[Efficacy of small incision lenticule extraction combined with femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis for optimized monovision correction in myopia patients with presbyopia].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of optimized monovision correction using small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) in myopic patients with presbyopia and to assess the corneal epithelial remodeling following these procedures. Methods: A prospective study was conducted. Thirty-two patients (64 eyes) with myopia and presbyopia who underwent surgical correction at Chongqing Bai Ji Eye Clinic from August 2021 to April 2023 were continuously included. There were 9 males and 23 females, with an average age of (44.25±2.96) years. The dominant eyes (32 eyes) underwent SMILE, while the non-dominant eyes (32 eyes) underwent FS-LASIK with mild myopia and partial negative spherical aberration induction. Data on visual acuity and refraction were collected preoperatively and at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively. Total ocular aberrations were measured using the iProfiler Plus, and the corneal epithelial thickness in different regions was assessed using anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Safety and efficacy indices were calculated based on visual acuity, the defocus and contrast sensitivity were measured using the Binoptometer 4P binocular vision tester, and a patient satisfaction survey was performed. Results: At 1 week postoperatively, the uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) of dominant eyes significantly improved compared to preoperative values. At 3 months postoperatively, the uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA) of non-dominant eyes showed significant improvement (P<0.05), 96.9% (31 eyes) of the dominant eyes achieved UDVA of 1.0 or better, and 93.8% (30 eyes) of the non-dominant eyes achieved UNVA of 0.8 or better. The safety index for distance vision was 1.15±0.09, and the efficacy index was 1.15±0.11. At 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively, the proportion of dominant eyes with a spherical equivalent (SE) deviation within ±0.50 D of the target was 90.6% (29 eyes), 90.6% (29 eyes), 93.8% (30 eyes), and 96.2% (31 eyes), respectively; for non-dominant eyes, the corresponding proportions were 81.3% (26 eyes), 87.5% (28 eyes), 93.8% (30 eyes), and 96.2% (31 eyes). The postoperative spherical aberration was (0.11±0.03) µm for dominant eyes and (-0.01±0.04) µm for non-dominant eyes, showing a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). At 1 week and 1 month postoperatively, the central corneal epithelial thickness of non-dominant eyes was significantly higher than that of dominant eyes [(71.34±21.69) µm vs. (51.97±6.33) µm at 1 week, and (61.34±15.85) µm vs. (52.72±6.32) µm at 1 month; P<0.05]. Patient satisfaction was high, with 96.9% (31 patients) rating their satisfaction as "satisfactory" or higher. Conclusions: The combined use of SMILE and FS-LASIK for optimized monovision correction in myopic patients with presbyopia is both safe and effective, achieving high postoperative satisfaction. The SMILE procedure reduces the extent of corneal epithelial remodeling compared to FS-LASIK.

[Genotype and phenotype of WWOX gene related developmental and epileptic encephalopathy].

Objective: To summarize the genotype and clinical phenotype of children with WWOX gene related developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE). Methods: Case series studies. The clinical data of 12 children with WWOX gene related DEE who were admitted to the Neurological Department of Children's Medical Center, Peking University First Hospital from June 2019 to December 2023 were analyzed. The children's characteristics of gene variation, clinical phenotype, auxiliary examination results, treatment and prognosis were analyzed. Results: Among 12 children with WWOX gene related DEE, there were 7 boys and 5 girls, the age of seizure onset ranged from 10 days to 6 months (median 1.8 months). Multiple seizure types were observed, including focal seizures in 10 cases, epileptic spasms in 9 cases, tonic seizures in 4 cases, myoclonic seizures in 1 case. Among 12 cases, 9 cases had multiple seizure types. All 12 cases showed microcephaly and global developmental delay. Video electroencephalography showed slowed background activity in 6 cases, hyperarrhythmia in 6 cases, multifocal discharges in 6 cases, and focal discharges in 1 case. Epileptic spasms were detected in 8 cases, tonic seizures in 4 cases and myoclonic seizures in 1 case. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed bilateral frontotemporal subarachnoid space widening in 5 cases, deep sulci in 3 cases, bilateral ventricular enlargement in 2 cases, callosal hypoplasia in 5 cases, and delayed white matter myelination in 3 cases. The phenotypes of 12 cases were consistent with the diagnosis of DEE, and 8 of them were diagnosed with infantile epileptic spasm syndrome. All the WWOX gene variants in 12 cases were complex heterozygous variants, including 20 variants, 11 variants and 1 large intragenic WWOX gene deletion (p.Ala149Thr, p.Arg156Ser, p.R167Tfs*8, p.Leu186Val, c.605+5G>A, p.Trp218*, p.His263Arg, p.Leu275fs*19*1, p.N285Kfs*10, p.Ser304Tyr, p.Met326Arg, loss1 exon2-8) had not been reported previously. The age of last follow-up ranged from 11 months to 5 years and 3 months. During the follow-up, 1 case died at the age of 1 year and 10 months, 2 cases were seizure-free, and 9 cases still had seizures after multiple anti-seizure medications. Conclusions: The seizure onset age of children with WWOX gene related DEE is usually less than 6 months, and some of them in neonate. The common seizure types include focal seizures and epileptic spasms. Children usually have microcephaly and global developmental delay. WWOX gene related DEE usually has drug refractory epilepsy.

Retraction Note: Study on the functions and mechanism of immune functions of human telomerase reverse transcriptase regulating dendritic cells treating sepsis.

The article "Study on the functions and mechanism of immune functions of human telomerase reverse transcriptase regulating dendritic cells treating sepsis", by H.-M. Chen, L.-Q. Wang, H.-P. Wan, H.-Z. Wei, L.-C. Ke, C.-Y. Liu, Q.-Y. Tan, published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2016; 20 (21): 4500-4507-PMID: 27874963 has been retracted by the Editor in Chief for the following reasons. Some concerns were raised on PubPeer (https://pubpeer.com/publications/3604386A706802443E51758A893D6F) about Figures 3, 4, and 5 showing some overlaps and similar bands in Western blots figures. Furthermore, there is a lack of information regarding the ethics approval for the study involving rats. The journal contacted the authors to request the original raw data and information regarding the ethical approval of the manuscript but never received a reply. Therefore, due to major concerns detected, the Editor in Chief mistrusts the results presented and decided to withdraw the manuscript. The corresponding author has been informed about the retraction. This article has been retracted. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/11476.

Abnormal cell wall structure caused by boron nutrient imbalance in orchards could affect psyllid feeding behaviour, resulting in epidemic variation of Asian citrus psyllid.

The control of Huanglongbing (HLB), one of the most destructive pests of citrus, relies heavily on the reduction of Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama. An in-depth understanding of ACP feeding behaviours among citrus plants is urgent for comprehensive management of orchards. An investigation was conducted in 37 citrus orchards in HLB epidemic areas, sampling shoots in the area with aggregation feeding of ACP (ACPf) and shoots in a neighbouring area without ACP feeding (CK), to study the interaction between leaf chemical composition and ACP psyllid feeding behaviours. Results of FTIR showed a strong absorption peak intensity, mainly representing functional groups originating from cell wall components in the leaf with ACP feeding. As compared with the control, cell wall components, such as alkali-soluble pectin, water-soluble pectin, total soluble pectin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, of the cell wall of ACPf increased by 134.0%, 14.0%, 18.0%, 12.5%, and 20.35%, respectively. These results suggest that cell wall mechanical properties significantly decreased in the term of decreases in pectin performance and cellulose mechanical properties. In addition, there was a remarkably lower boron (B) content in leaves and cell wall components with ACP feeding. Further analysis indicated that leaf B content significantly affected leaf cell wall components. Taken together, we provide evidence to demonstrate that the regional distribution of nutrient imbalance in orchards could affect psyllid feeding behaviour by weakening the cell wall structure, resulting in epidemic variation in ACP. This could help us to understand the management of psyllid infections in orchards with unbalanced nutrition.

[Determination of 4-methyl-2-pentanol in workplace air by solvent desorption-gas chromatography].

Objective: To establish a method for the determination of 4-methyl-2-pentanol in the air of workplace by gas chromatography. Methods: In January 2022, 4-methyl-2-pentanol in the air of workplace was collected by activated carbontube, eluted with dichloromethane-methanol (95∶5, V/V), separated by capillary column and determined by gas chromatogram. Results: The limit of detection for 4-methyl-2-pentanol was 0.04 µg/ml. The linear range of 4-methyl-2-pentanol was 0.16-1616.60 µg/ml, with the regression equation of y=1.94x-5.48, and the coefficient correlation was 0.99958, and the minimum detection concentration was 0.03 mg/m(3) (collected sample volume was 1.50 L). The within-run precisions were 1.08%-1.75% and the between-run precisions were 1.41%-2.52%. The desorption rates were 95.15%-99.91%. The samples could be stored at least 3 days at room temperature and 7 days at 4 ℃ without significant loss. Conclusion: The method has the advantages of good precision, high sensitivity and simple operation. It is suitable for the determination of 4-methyl-2-pentanol in the air of workplace.

The effect of fibre cell remodelling on the power and optical quality of the lens.

Vertebrate eye lenses are uniquely adapted to form a refractive index gradient (GRIN) for improved acuity, and to grow slowly in size despite constant cell proliferation. The mechanisms behind these adaptations remain poorly understood. We hypothesize that cell compaction contributes to both. To test this notion, we examined the relationship between lens size and shape, refractive characteristics and the cross-sectional areas of constituent fibre cells in mice of different ages. We developed a block-face imaging method to visualize cellular cross sections and found that the cross-sectional areas of fibre cells rose and then decreased over time, with the most significant reduction occurring in denucleating cells in the adult lens cortex, followed by cells in the embryonic nucleus. These findings help reconcile differences between the predictions of lens growth models and empirical data. Biomechanical simulations suggested that compressive forces generated from continuous deposition of fibre cells could contribute to cellular compaction. However, optical measurements revealed that the GRIN did not mirror the pattern of cellular compaction, implying that compaction alone cannot account for GRIN formation and that additional mechanisms are likely to be involved.

[Long term follow-up evaluation of combined surgery for congenital tibial pseudarthrosis in children].

Objective: To explore the long-term effect of combined surgery for the treatment of congenital tibial pseudarthrosis in children. Methods: The clinical data of 44 children with congenital tibial pseudarthrosis who underwent combined surgery (tibial pseudarthrosis tissue resection, intramedullary rod fixation, Ilizarov external fixator fixation, wrapped autologous iliac bone graft) from August 2007 to October 2011 at the Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Children's Hospital were collected retrospectively. There were 33 males and 11 females. The age at the time of surgery was (3.7±2.2)years (range:0.6 to 12.4 years), including 25 cases under 3 years old and 19 cases above 3 years old.Among them, 37 cases were complicated with neurofibromatosis type 1.The operation status, postoperative complications and follow-up results were recorded. Results: The follow-up time after surgery was (10.9±0.7)years (range:10 to 11 years).Thirty-nine out of 44 patients (88.6%) achieved initial healing of tibial pseudarthrosis, with an average healing time of (4.3±1.1)months (range:3 to 10months).In the last follow-up, 36 cases (81.8%) had unequal tibial length, 20 cases (45.4%) had refractures, 18 cases (40.9%) had ankle valgus, 9 cases (20.4%) had proximal tibial valgus, and 11 cases (25.0%) had high arched feet.Nine cases (20.4%) developed distal tibial epiphyseal plate bridging.17 cases (38.6%) had abnormal tibial mechanical axis.Seven cases (15.9%) developed needle infection, and one case (2.3%) developed tibial osteomyelitis. 21 patients (47.7%) had excessive growth of the affected femur.Five patients (11.3%) had ankle stiffness, and 34 patients (77.2%) had intramedullary rod displacement that was not in the center of the tibial medullary cavity.Among them, 8 cases (18.1%) protruded the tibial bone cortex and underwent intramedullary rod removal.18 children have reached skeletal maturity, while 26 children have not been followed up until skeletal maturity. Conclusion: Combined surgery for the treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia in children has a high initial healing rate, but complications such as unequal tibia length, refracture, and ankle valgus occur during long-term follow-up, requiring multiple surgical treatments.

[miR-125b-5p inhibits proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma cells by negatively regulating RAB3D expression].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inhibitory effect of miR-125b-5p on proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma and the role of RAB3D in mediating this effect. METHODS: The expression level of miR-125b-5p was detected by qRT-PCR in a normal bone cell line (hFOB1.19) and in two osteosarcoma OS cell lines (MG63 and HOS). A miR-125b-5p mimic or inhibitor was transfected in the osteosarcoma cell lines via liposome and the changes in cell proliferation and migration were detected with EDU and Transwell experiments. Bioinformatic analysis was conducted for predicting the target gene of miR-125b-5p, and the expression level of RAB3D in hFOB1.19, MG63, and HOS cells was detected by Western blotting. In the two osteosarcoma cell lines transfected with miR-125b-5p mimic or inhibitor, the expression levels of RAB3D mRNA and protein in osteosarcoma cells were examined with qRT-PCR and Western blotting. The effects of RAB3D overexpression, RAB3D knockdown, or overexpression of both miR-125b-5p and RAB3D on the proliferation and migration of cells were assessed using EDU and Transwell experiments. RESULTS: The two osteosarcoma cell lines had significantly lower expression levels of miR-125b-5p (P < 0.05). Bioinformatic analysis predicted that RAB3D was a possible target gene regulated by miR-125b-5p. In osteosarcoma cells, overexpression of miR-125b-5p significantly lowered the expression of RAB3D protein (P < 0.05); inhibiting miR-125b-5p expression significantly decreased RAB3D expression only at the protein level (P < 0.05) without obviously affecting its mRNA level. Modulation of miR-125b-5p and RAB3D levels produced opposite effects on proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma cells, and in cells with overexpression of both miR-125b-5p and RAB3D, the effect of RAB3D on cell proliferation and migration was blocked by miR-125b-5p overexpression (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Overexpression of miR-125b-5p inhibits the proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma cells by regulating the expression of RAB3D at the post-transcriptional level.

[Clinicopathological features of patients with RET fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer].

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features, treatment and prognosis of patients with RET fusion positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: A total of 1 089 NSCLCs were retrieved at Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University from August 2018 to April 2020. In all cases, multiple gene fusion detection kits (fluorescent PCR method) were used to detect the gene status of RET, EGFR, ALK, ROS1, KRAS, BRAF and HER2; and immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of PD-L1 and mismatch repair related proteins. The correlation between RET-fusion and patients' age, gender, smoking history, tumor stage, grade, pathologic type, and PD-L1, mismatch repair related protein expression was analyzed. Results: There were 22 cases (2.02%) detected with RET fusion-positive in 1 089 NSCLC patients, in which 11 males and 11 females; and the median age was 63.5 years. There were 20 adenocarcinomas, including 11 acinar predominant adenocarcinoma (APA), five solid predominant adenocarcinoma (SPA) and four lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma (LPA); There were one case each of squamous cell carcinoma (non-keratinizing type) and sarcomatoid carcinoma (pleomorphic carcinoma). There were 6 and 16 patients with RET fusion-positive who were in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ and Ⅲ-Ⅳ respectively, and 16 cases with lymph node metastasis, 11 cases with distant metastasis. Among RET fusion-positive cases, one was detected with HER2 co-mutation. The tumor proportion score of PD-L1≥1% in patients with RET fusion positive lung cancer was 54.5% (12/22). Defects in mismatch repair protein expression were not found in patients with RET fusion positive NSCLC. Four patients with RET fusions positive (two cases of APA and two cases of SPA) received pratinib-targeted therapy, and two showed benefits from this targeted therapy. Conclusions: The histological subtypes of RET fusions positive NSCLC are more likely to be APA or SPA. RET fusion-positive NSCLC patients are associated with advanced clinical stage, lymph node metastases, and they may benefit from targeted therapy with RET-specific inhibitors.

Increased Sparc release from subchondral osteoblasts promotes articular chondrocyte degeneration under estrogen withdrawal.

OBJECTIVE: The incidence of osteoarthritis (OA) in menopausal women is significantly higher than in same-aged men. Investigating the role of subchondral osteoblasts in estrogen deficiency-induced OA may help elucidate the pathological mechanism, providing new insights for the diagnosis and treatment of menopausal OA. METHODS: A classical ovariectomy-induced OA (OVX-OA) rat model was utilized to isolate primary articular chondrocytes and subchondral osteoblasts, which were identified and then cocultured in Transwell. The expression of chondrocyte anabolic and catabolic indicators was evaluated. The differentially expressed proteins in the conditioned medium (CM) of osteoblasts were identified by Liquid Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). Normal chondrocytes were treated with osteoblast CM, and then RNA sequencing was performed on the treated chondrocytes. KEGG was used to identify significant enrichment of signaling pathways, and Simple Western was used to verify the expression of related proteins in the signaling pathways. RESULTS: Coculture of OVX-OA subchondral osteoblasts with chondrocytes significantly downregulated the expression of the anabolic indicators and upregulated the expression of the catabolic indicators in chondrocytes. 1,601 proteins were identified in both normal and OVX osteoblast culture supernatants. Protein-protein interaction network analysis revealed that Sparc was one of the hub proteins. The AMPK/Foxo3a signaling pathway of chondrocytes was downregulated by OVX-OA osteoblasts CM. AICAR, the AMPK agonist, partially reversed the catabolic effect of OVX-OA osteoblasts on chondrocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Sparc secreted by OVX-OA subchondral osteoblasts can downregulate the AMPK/Foxo3a signaling pathway of chondrocytes, thereby promoting chondrocyte degeneration.

[Comparative study of decentration, tilt and visual quality after implantation of aspherical intraocular lenses].

Objective: To compare the difference of decentration and tilt among 4 kinds of aspherical intraocular lenses (IOLs), and to analyze their objective visual quality. Methods: Prospective non-randomized controlled clinical trial. Age-related cataract patients who planned to undergo phacoemulsification and IOL implantation in the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College from April to June in 2020 were divided into ZCB00 group, SN60WF group, A1-UV group, and AO group according to IOL types. Thirty right eyes and thirty left eyes were selected in each group. Before operation and at 1 day, 1 week and 1 month postoperatively, decentration and tilt values were measured by a new swept-source anterior-segment optical coherence tomography device (CASIA2), and wavefront aberrations, objective scatter index (OSI), modulation transfer function cut off frequency (MTF cut off) and Strehl ratio (SR) were also examined. Values of decentration, tilt and visual quality compared among 4 groups were took from the right eye. One-way analysis of variance was used for inter-group comparison, and repeated measurement one-way analysis of variance was used for intra-group comparison. Data between right eyes and left eyes from all the individuals were compared by independent sample t-test. Results: A total of 181 patients (240 eyes) were enrolled, and 169 patients (224 eyes) completed the follow-up (114 right eyes and 110 left eyes). There were 77 males and 92 females, with an age of (69±9) years. There was no significant difference in gender, age, axial length, decentration and tilt of crystalline lens and IOL power among 4 groups (all P>0.05). At 1 day, 1 week and 1 month postoperatively, there was significant difference in decentration value among 4 groups (F=7.11, 6.12, 4.66; all P<0.05). For further pairwise comparison, the decentration value of SN60WF group was higher than that of the other 3 groups at 1 day and 1 week postoperatively, and the decentration value of SN60WF group was (0.259±0.101) mm at 1 month postoperatively, which was higher than that of ZCB00 group (0.177±0.099) mm and AO group (0.163±0.122) mm, and the differences were statistically significant (using SNK-q test, both P<0.05). The IOL tilt value in the ZCB00 group, SN60WF group, A1-UV group, and AO group at 1 month postoperatively were (4.806±1.129)°, (5.080±1.309)°, (4.586±1.338)°, (5.112±1.406)°, respectively. No significant difference in tilt value among 4 groups was found at any time after surgery (all P>0.05). In each group, there was no significant difference in decentration and tilt value at different postoperative time points (all P>0.05). At 1 month postoperatively, there was no significant difference in decentration and tilt at horizontal and vertical directions respectively among 4 groups (all P>0.05), and in each group, there was no significant difference in decentration and tilt value between right eyes and left eyes (all P>0.05), and IOLs tended to tilt towards the inferonasal or inferotemporal direction in both eyes. With 4-mm and 6-mm pupil diameter, there was significant difference in internal (F=131.32, 85.17) and ocular (F=46.64, 47.55) spherical aberration among 4 groups (all P<0.01). For further pairwise comparison, the spherical aberration of AO group was higher than that of the other 3 groups, and the difference was statistically significant (using SNK-q test, all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in OSI, MTF cut off and SR among 4 groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions: The four types of IOLs show decentration and tilt in varying degrees after implantation in the capsular bag, but this difference do not lead to clinical significance. Human eyes have tolerance to mild decentration and tilt of aspheric IOLs, showing good visual quality.

Impact of drinking water supplemented 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyric acid in combination with acidifier on performance, intestinal development, and microflora in broilers.

In addition to offering methionine, 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyric acid (HMTBa) is also an organic acid and shows excellent bacteriostasis. Therefore, 3 experiments were conducted to determine the influence of drinking water supplemented HMTBa in combination with acidifier on performance, intestinal development, and microflora in broilers. The addition of different concentration (0.02-0.20%) of the blend of HMTBa and other acids significantly reduced the pH of water and exerted antimicrobial activity in dose-dependent manner in vitro. The outcomes from animal trial consisting of the drinking water with blended acidifier at 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20% indicated that the water with 0.15 or 0.20% acidifier resulted in linear and quadratic higher body weight at 42 d, gain and water consumption during 1 to 42 d (P < 0.05). In experiment 3, responding to graded blended acidifier in drinking water, birds receiving 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20% acidifier decreased the internal pH of gastrointestinal tract and muscle, and exhibited increased duodenal weight, length, villus high, and the ratio of villus high to crypt depth. Drinking water with 0.2% blended acidifier increased the abundance of probiotics (Bacteroidaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Lachnospiraceae) and decreased the account of pathogenic bacteria such as Desulfovibrionaceae. Alternations in gut microflora were closely related to the metabolism of carbohydrate, amino acid, and vitamins. These findings, therefore, suggest that drinking water with 0.10 to 0.13% the combination HMTBa with acidifier might benefit to intestinal development and gut microbiota, and the subsequent produce a positive effect on the performance of broilers.

Effects of rapeseed meal on laying performance and egg quality in laying ducks.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different varieties of rapeseed meal (RSM) with different concentrations of glucosinolates (Gls) and erucic acid (EA) on performance and egg quality of laying ducks. A total of 576 twenty eight-wk-old laying ducks were randomly allocated to 4 treatments. Each treatment had 8 replicates of 18 laying ducks raised in 6 adjacent cages with 3 laying ducks per cage. The control diet was corn soybean meal based without RSM. Three varieties of RSM varying in Gls concentrations were supplemented to the base diet at 10% by substituting soybean meal to formulate the three RSM diets. The experiment lasted 12 wk. Diets with 10% RSM decreased average egg weight (P < 0.01) and feed intake (P = 0.07) compared with the control diet, but there was no significant difference in laying performance among the 3 RSM diets. RSM increased color value (P < 0.05) and crude protein (CP) content (P < 0.05) of yolk compared with the control diet, but had no significant effects on the other egg quality indexes including eggshell strength, albumen height, Haugh unit, and the composition ratio of eggshell, albumen and yolk. RSM decreased total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (P < 0.01) and increased total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (P < 0.01) of yolk, but total saturated fatty acids (SFA) proportions and UFA/SFA ratio of egg yolk were not significantly affected by RSM. RSM increased deposition of trimethylamine (TMA) and 5-vinyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione (5-VOT) in yolk (P < 0.01); moreover, the high Gls RSM increased deposition of TMA (P < 0.01) and 5-VOT in yolk (P < 0.01) compared with the RSM varieties low in Gls. These results suggested that dietary inclusion of 10% RSM decreased egg weight of laying ducks, and affected yolk quality especially yolk color, fatty acid profile, CP, TMA, and 5-VOT content of yolk. Moreover, RSM with higher Gls concentration resulted in higher deposition of TMA and 5-VOT in egg yolk.

Bone mineral density, osteopenia and osteoporosis among US adults with cancer.

BACKGROUND: Bone mineral deficits are one of the most common complications in cancer survivors. However, there are no studies evaluating bone mineral density (BMD) and the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis among patients with different types of cancers. AIM: The objective was to assess BMD and evaluate the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis among US adults with cancer. DESIGN: A cross-section propensity score matching study. METHODS: We extracted data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database from 2005 to 2018. We compared BMD in participants with and without cancer which was further analyzed according to cancer type. We conducted logistic regression to evaluate adjusted odds ratios of osteopenia and osteoporosis and determine risk factors for their development. RESULTS: We found that BMD was significantly higher in participants without cancer than cancer patients. Furthermore, the median BMD of patients with breast cancer or skin cancer (including melanoma) was significantly lower than participants without cancer. People with breast, lung, genitourinary and skin cancers were more likely to incur osteopenia/osteoporosis than those without cancer. CONCLUSIONS: BMD differs depending upon type in survivors. Individuals with a history of cancer have a poor understanding of osteoporosis and its risk factors. Understanding risk factors in patients with cancers identified in our study may be helpful for preventing osteoporosis and fractures and the development of screening guidelines.

CT texture analysis-based nomogram for the preoperative prediction of visceral pleural invasion in cT1N0M0 lung adenocarcinoma: an external validation cohort study.

AIM: To develop a nomogram based on computed tomography (CT) texture analysis for the preoperative prediction of visceral pleural invasion in patients with cT1N0M0 lung adenocarcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A dataset of chest CT containing lung nodules was collected from two institutions, and all surgically resected nodules were classified pathologically based on the presence of visceral pleural invasion. Each nodule on the CT image was segmented automatically by artificial-intelligence software and its CT texture features were extracted. The dataset was divided into training and external validation cohorts according to the institution, and a nomogram for predicting visceral pleural invasion was developed and validated. RESULTS: Of a total of 313 patients enrolled from two independent institutions, 63 were diagnosed with visceral pleural invasion. Three-dimensional (3D) CT long diameter, skewness, and sphericity, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were identified as independent predictors for visceral pleural invasion by multivariable logistic regression. The nomogram based on multivariable logistic regression showed great discriminative ability, as indicated by a C-index of 0.890 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.867-0.914) and 0.864 (95% CI: 0.817-0.911) for the training and external validation cohorts, respectively. Additionally, calibration of the nomogram revealed good predictive ability, as indicated by the Brier score (0.108 and 0.100 for the training and external validation cohorts, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: A nomogram was developed that could compute the probability of visceral pleural invasion in patients with cT1N0M0 lung adenocarcinoma with good calibration and discrimination. The nomogram has potential as a reliable tool for clinical evaluation and decision-making.