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Background: Orthodontic treatment planning involves the precise assessment of dental and skeletal anomalies, which can be facilitated by AI-enhanced diagnostic tools. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 orthodontic cases were included in this RCT. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups: an AI-enhanced diagnostic group and a traditional diagnostic group. The AI-enhanced diagnostic group underwent orthodontic assessment with the aid of AI-powered software, which provided automated cephalometric analysis, 3D model evaluations, and treatment suggestions. The traditional diagnostic group received conventional diagnostic assessments by orthodontists. The primary outcome measures included treatment planning accuracy, treatment time, and patient satisfaction. Secondary outcomes included the number of appointments required and treatment cost. Results: The AI-enhanced diagnostic group demonstrated a significantly higher accuracy in treatment planning compared to the traditional diagnostic group (P < 0.05). The AI group also required fewer appointments (mean ± SD: 10.2 ± 2.1 vs. 12.8 ± 3.4) and had a shorter treatment time (mean ± SD: 14.6 ± 3.2 months vs. 18.9 ± 4.5 months) (P < 0.001 for both comparisons). Additionally, patient satisfaction scores were higher in the AI group (mean ± SD: 9.2 ± 0.6 vs. 8.1 ± 0.8) (P < 0.001). However, the AI-enhanced diagnostic group had a slightly higher treatment cost. Conclusion: AI-enhanced diagnostic tools significantly enhance the accuracy of treatment planning in orthodontic cases, leading to reduced treatment time, fewer appointments, and increased patient satisfaction.
RESUMEN
Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a recognized potentially malignant oral condition linked to the consumption of areca nut. Chewing areca nut has been shown to elevate soluble copper levels in mouth fluids. Materials and Methods: Participants: The study included a panel of 30 patients with OSMF from Rama Dental College, Kanpur, India, and 30 nonareca chewing individuals serving as controls. Tissue Sample Collection and Analysis: Buccal mucosal biopsies were obtained from both OSMF patients and controls. The tissue copper concentrations were quantified using mass absorption spectrometry (MAS). Additionally, energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) was employed to identify the presence and distribution of copper in the tissue. Statistical Analysis: Statistical comparisons were performed using appropriate methods, with a P-value of less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: MAS analysis revealed that the mean tissue copper level was 6.2 ± 3.1 micrograms per gram (µg/g) in OSMF specimens (n = 30), slightly higher than the 4.5 ± 2.0 µg/g in the nonareca chewing controls (n = 30) (P = 0.1). EDX analysis showed distinct copper peaks in both the epithelium (22/23) and connective tissue (18/23) of OSMF specimens compared to control biopsies. These findings were corroborated by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) in a subset of samples. Conclusion: The study revealed higher copper concentrations in buccal mucosal tissue of OSMF patients from Rama Dental College, Kanpur, suggesting a potential connection between copper and the initiation of OSMF.
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Background: OSMF is now recognized worldwide as an Indian disease. Blanching and rigidity of the oral mucosa, impaired mobility of the soft palate and tongue, difficulty opening the mouth, burning sensation, lack of gustatory sensation, and mild deafness due to Eustachian tube dysfunction. Soft palatal muscles often affect Eustachian tube function. Materials and Methods: Rama Dental College Hospital and research center Kanpur conducted a cross-sectional study. 60 OSMF patients were randomly selected for this study. Visible light was used for a detailed case history and clinical examination. OSMF was diagnosed by difficulty opening the mouth, blanched oral mucosa, and palpable fibrous bands. Burning, salivation, tongue protrusion, habits, and malignant changes were also diagnostic. ENT specialists used pure tone audiometry to examine the ear (PTA). Results: Out of 60 patients 59 were males and 1 female. The participants who took part in this study ranged in age from 18 to 65. Pure tone audiometry of 120 years, 84 (70%) revealed normal hearing, 10 (8.33%) revealed minimal hearing loss, 14 (11.67%) revealed mild hearing loss and 12 (10%) revealed moderate hearing loss. Conclusion: In order to improve the success rate of treatment, the protocol for managing OSMF patients should therefore include ENT consultation and hearing impairment treatment.
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Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency increases gingivitis risk. Studies show that higher vitamin D levels reduce inflammation. Materials and Methods: College conducted a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial on 451 people's vitamin D and gingival health at baseline. For three months, participants were given a placebo (group A), 1000 international units (IU) of vitamin D3 per day (group B), 500 IU per day (group C), or 2000 IU per day (group A). Gingival scores were recorded for three months to assess the anti-inflammatory effect (the first, second, and third). Vitamin D levels also affected gingivitis. Results: Vitamin D dose-dependently reduces gingivitis inflammation. Vitamin D administration negatively correlated with gingival index score. Anti-inflammatory vitamin D levels are 32-37 ng/ml. Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation can reduce gingivitis severity. The optimal blood vitamin D level is 30-35 ng/ml.