Blackcurrants shape gut microbiota profile and reduce risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis via the gut-bone axis: Evidence from a pilot randomized controlled trial.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of blackcurrant (BC) on gut microbiota abundance and composition, inflammatory and immune responses, and their relationship with bone mass changes. The effects of BC on bone mineral density (BMD), gut microbiota, and blood inflammatory and immune biomarkers were evaluated using DXA, stool and fasting blood collected from a pilot 3-arm, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Fifty-one peri- and early postmenopausal women aged 45-60 years were randomly assigned into one of three treatment groups for 6 months: control, low BC (392 mg/day) and high BC (784 mg/day); and 40 women completed the trial. BC supplementation for six months effectively mitigated the loss of whole-body BMD (P<0.05). Six-month changes (%) in peripheral IL-1ß (P=0.056) and RANKL (P=0.052) for high BC group were marginally significantly lower than the control group. Six-month changes in whole-body BMD were inversely correlated with changes in RANKL (P<0.01). In proteome analysis, four plasma proteins showed increased expression in the high BC group: IGFBP4, tetranectin, fetuin-B, and vitamin K-dependent protein S. BC dose-dependently increased the relative abundance of Ruminococcus 2 (P<0.05), one of six bacteria correlated with BMD changes in the high BC group (P<0.05), suggesting it might be the key bacteria that drove bone protective effects. Daily BC consumption for 6 months mitigated bone loss in this population potentially through modulating the gut microbiota composition and suppressing osteoclastogenic cytokines. Larger-scale clinical trials on the potential benefits of BC and connection of Ruminococcus 2 with BMD maintenance in postmenopausal women are warranted. Trial Registration: NCT04431960, https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04431960.

Sulfur-Promoted Access to 3-Arylquinoxalin-2-ones by Oxidative Coupling of o-Phenylenediamines with Arylacetates.

We disclose the synthesis of 3-arylquinoxalin-2-ones from o-phenylenediamines and readily available arylacetates. The method harnesses the selective oxidative property of elemental sulfur in the presence of amine base catalyst and DMSO. The reactions are operationally simple and tolerate a wide range of functional groups.

Validation of self-reported morbidities of the Korean Atomic Bomb Survivor Cohort.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the agreement of disease status collected through a survey of the Korean Atomic Bomb Survivor Cohort (K-ABC), compared with medical claim records from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database and the Korean Central Cancer Registry (KCCR). Methods: Data on the lifetime physician-diagnosed morbidities of 1,215 K-ABC participants were collected through an interviewer-administered questionnaire between 2020 and 2022. Survey data were linked to the NHIS and KCCR databases. Eleven diseases were included for validation. We evaluated the following indicators: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), accuracy, the area under the curve (AUC), and the kappa coefficient. Results: The mean (standard deviation) age was 62.1 (18.7) years, and 42.6% of the participants were aged ≥70 years. Hypertension and cataracts showed the highest prevalence rates (33.8% and 28.8%, respectively). Hypertension, diabetes, and cancer demonstrated high sensitivity (>0.8) and specificity (>0.9), whereas diabetes, cancer, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, and asthma exhibited high accuracy (>0.9). In contrast, arthritis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma showed low sensitivity (<0.4) and kappa values (<0.3). In the participants aged ≥70 years, the kappa value was ≥0.4 for all diseases except arthritis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma. Conclusion: The results from this initial analysis showed relatively high agreement between the survey and NHIS/KCCR databases, especially for hypertension, diabetes, and cancer. Our findings suggest that the information on morbidities collected through the questionnaires in this cohort was valid for both younger and older individuals.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Asia: Physician and Patient Perspectives on Surveillance, Diagnosis, and Treatment.

PURPOSE: In several Asian countries, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer deaths. HCC risk factors in Asia differ from those elsewhere and are changing with the treatment landscape as systemic treatment options increase. This study was conducted to gain insight from physicians and patients into HCC screening, diagnosis, and treatment strategies in Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam. METHODS: Two cross-sectional, anonymized, online surveys were completed between July and December 2022 by physicians diagnosing and treating HCC (55 questions on risk factors, surveillance, diagnosis, and treatment) and patients ≥ 18 years old diagnosed with HCC (36 questions on disease knowledge, quality of life, and experiences of diagnosis and treatment). RESULTS: Responses were received from 276 physicians in all 7 countries and 130 patients in Thailand, Taiwan, and Vietnam. From the physician's perspective, surveillance programs are widespread but identify insufficient HCC cases; only 18% are early-stage HCC at diagnosis. From the patient's perspective, knowledge of risk factors increases after diagnosis, but few seek support from patient associations; patients would benefit from better communication from their doctors. Treatment affordability and side effects are key issues for patients. CONCLUSIONS: Awareness of the risk factors for HCC should be raised in primary care and the general population, and surveillance should identify early-stage HCC. Because patients rely on their doctors for support, doctors should better understand their patients' needs, and patients could be supported by trained nurses or case managers. Programs are needed to increase patients' access to proven HCC treatments.

Hydrophobic Coatings with Charge Permeability via Plasma Deposition of Long-Chain Perfluorocarbons.

Hydrophobization of nanotextured catalyst materials is a promising route to enhance the yield of N2 and CO2 conversion into green fuels. However, these applications require a hydrophobic coating to not only promote air trapping but also allow charge transfer at the electrode-electrolyte interface. In this work, nano thin films with thicknesses as low as 7 nm were deposited from the plasma phase of perfluorohexene, perfluorodecene, and perfluorooctane (PFO) precursors using a mild vacuum and gentle powers. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterization reveal that the resulting films are conformal and hydrophobic thanks to a good retention of CF2 and CF3 moieties. The PFO films exhibited the highest water contact angle and achieved superhydrophobic states when deposited on top of re-entrant nano features, an indication of successful air trapping. Electrochemical studies further demonstrated that the plasma-deposited PFO films allow charge transfer but could only sustain repeated cyclic voltammetry cycles without losing their hydrophobicity when deposited under optimal conditions. This result indicates that plasma deposition could become a viable route for the hydrophobization of electrocatalysts required to enhance the yield of poorly soluble gas reduction reactions.

Prevalence, Molecular Characterization, and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Raw Beef, Pork, and Chicken Meat in Vietnam.

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is one of the most important foodborne pathogens, and the rise of antibiotic resistance to it is a significant threat to global public health. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence, molecular characterization, and antibiotic resistance of STEC isolated from raw meat in Vietnam. The findings in this study showed that the prevalence of STEC in raw beef, pork, and chicken meat was 9.72% (7/72), 5.56% (4/72), and 1.39% (1/72), respectively. The STEC isolates were highly resistant to ampicillin (91.67%) and tetracycline (91.67%), followed by trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (83.33%), streptomycin (75%), and florfenicol (66.67%). The incidence of STEC virulence-associated genes, including stx1, stx2, eae, and ehxA, was 8.33% (1/12), 91.67% (11/12), 33.33% (4/12), and 58.33% (7/12), respectively. STEC serogroups O157, O26, and O111 were detected in 3 out of 12 STEC isolates. Two isolates were found to be ESBL producers carrying the blaCTX-M-55 gene, and three isolates were colistin-resistant strains harboring the mcr-1 gene. Notably, a STEC O111 isolate from chicken meat harbored both the blaCTX-M-55 and mcr-1 genes.

Biogenic fabrication of a gold nanoparticle sensor for detection of Fe3+ ions using a smartphone and machine learning.

In recent years, smartphones have been integrated into rapid colorimetric sensors for heavy metal ions, but challenges persist in accuracy and efficiency. Our study introduces a novel approach to utilize biogenic gold nanoparticle (AuNP) sensors in conjunction with designing a lightbox with a color reference and machine learning for detection of Fe3+ ions in water. AuNPs were synthesized using the aqueous extract of Eleutherine bulbosa leaf as reductants and stabilizing agents. Physicochemical analyses revealed diverse AuNP shapes and sizes with an average size of 19.8 nm, with a crystalline structure confirmed via SAED and XRD techniques. AuNPs exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity in detection of Fe3+ ions through UV-vis spectroscopy and smartphones, relying on nanoparticle aggregation. To enhance image quality, we developed a lightbox and implemented a reference color value for standardization, significantly improving performance of machine learning algorithms. Our method achieved approximately 6.7% higher evaluation metrics (R 2 = 0.8780) compared to non-normalized approaches (R 2 = 0.8207). This work presented a promising tool for quantitative Fe3+ ion analysis in water.

CapNet: An Automatic Attention-Based with Mixer Model for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Image Segmentation.

Deep neural networks have shown excellent performance in medical image segmentation, especially for cardiac images. Transformer-based models, though having advantages over convolutional neural networks due to the ability of long-range dependence learning, still have shortcomings such as having a large number of parameters and and high computational cost. Additionally, for better results, they are often pretrained on a larger data, thus requiring large memory size and increasing resource expenses. In this study, we propose a new lightweight but efficient model, namely CapNet, based on convolutions and mixing modules for cardiac segmentation from magnetic resonance images (MRI) that can be trained from scratch with a small amount of parameters. To handle varying sizes and shapes which often occur in cardiac systolic and diastolic phases, we propose attention modules for pooling, spatial, and channel information. We also propose a novel loss called the Tversky Shape Power Distance function based on the shape dissimilarity between labels and predictions that shows promising performances compared to other losses. Experiments on three public datasets including ACDC benchmark, Sunnybrook data, and MS-CMR challenge are conducted and compared with other state of the arts (SOTA). For binary segmentation, the proposed CapNet obtained the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 94% and 95.93% for respectively the Endocardium and Epicardium regions with Sunnybrook dataset, 94.49% for Endocardium, and 96.82% for Epicardium with the ACDC data. Regarding the multiclass case, the average DSC by CapNet is 93.05% for the ACDC data; and the DSC scores for the MS-CMR are 94.59%, 92.22%, and 93.99% for respectively the bSSFP, T2-SPAIR, and LGE sequences of the MS-CMR. Moreover, the statistical significance analysis tests with p-value < 0.05 compared with transformer-based methods and some CNN-based approaches demonstrated that the CapNet, though having fewer training parameters, is statistically significant. The promising evaluation metrics show comparative results in both Dice and IoU indices compared to SOTA CNN-based and Transformer-based architectures.

Evolution of DS-1-like G8P[8] rotavirus A strains from Vietnamese children with acute gastroenteritis (2014-21): Adaptation and loss of animal rotavirus-derived genes during human-to-human spread.

Animal rotaviruses A (RVAs) are considered the source of emerging, novel RVA strains that have the potential to cause global spread in humans. A case in point was the emergence of G8 bovine RVA consisting of the P[8] VP4 gene and the DS-1-like backbone genes that appeared to have jumped into humans recently. However, it was not well documented what evolutionary changes occurred on the animal RVA-derived genes during circulation in humans. Rotavirus surveillance in Vietnam found that DS-1-like G8P[8] strains emerged in 2014, circulated in two prevalent waves, and disappeared in 2021. This surveillance provided us with a unique opportunity to investigate the whole process of evolutionary changes, which occurred in an animal RVA that had jumped the host species barrier. Of the 843 G8P[8] samples collected from children with acute diarrhoea in Vietnam between 2014 and 2021, fifty-eight strains were selected based on their distinctive electropherotypes of the genomic RNA identified using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Whole-genome sequence analysis of those fifty-eight strains showed that the strains dominant during the first wave of prevalence (2014-17) carried animal RVA-derived VP1, NSP2, and NSP4 genes. However, the strains from the second wave of prevalence (2018-21) lost these genes, which were replaced with cognate human RVA-derived genes, thus creating strain with G8P[8] on a fully DS-1-like human RVA gene backbone. The G8 VP7 and P[8] VP4 genes underwent some point mutations but the phylogenetic lineages to which they belonged remained unchanged. We, therefore, propose a hypothesis regarding the tendency for the animal RVA-derived genes to be expelled from the backbone genes of the progeny strains after crossing the host species barrier. This study underlines the importance of long-term surveillance of circulating wild-type strains in order to better understand the adaptation process and the fate of newly emerging, animal-derived RVA among the human population. Further studies are warranted to disclose the molecular mechanisms by which spillover animal RVAs become readily transmissible among humans, and the roles played by the expulsion of animal-derived genes and herd immunity formed in the local population.

Accounting for time-varying exposures and covariates in the relationship between obesity and diabetes: analysis using parametric g-formula.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies investigating the association between obesity and diabetes often did not consider the role of time-varying covariates affected by previous obesity status. This study quantified the association between obesity and diabetes using parametric g-formula. METHODS: We included 8924 participants without diabetes from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study-Ansan and Ansung study(2001-2002)-with up to the seventh biennial follow-up data from 2015 to 2016. Obesity status was categorised as normal (body mass index (BMI) <23.5 kg/m2), overweight (23.5-24.9 kg/m2), obese 1 (25.0-27.4 kg/m2) and obese 2 (≥27.5 kg/m2). Hazard ratios (HRs) comparing baseline or time-varying obesity status were estimated using Cox models, whereas risk ratio (RR) was estimated using g-formula. RESULTS: The Cox model for baseline obesity status demonstrated an increased risk of diabetes in overweight (HR 1.85; 95% CI=1.48-2.31), obese 1 (2.40; 1.97-2.93) and obese 2 (3.65; 2.98-4.47) statuses than that in normal weight status. Obesity as a time-varying exposure with time-varying covariates had HRs of 1.31 (1.07-1.60), 1.55 (1.29-1.86) and 2.58 (2.14-3.12) for overweight, obese 1 and obese 2 statuses. Parametric g-formula comparing if everyone had been in each obesity category versus normal over 15 years showed increased associations of RRs of 1.37 (1.34-1.40), 1.78 (1.76-1.80) and 2.42 (2.34-2.50). CONCLUSIONS: Higher BMI classification category was associated with increased risk of diabetes after accounting for time-varying covariates using g-formula. The results from g-formula were smaller than when considering baseline obesity status only but comparable with the results from time-varying Cox model.

Corrigendum: Effectiveness of perindopril/amlodipine fixed-dose combination in the treatment of hypertension: a systematic review.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1156655.].

An insight into the antioxidant activities and the exploration of record high quantities of quercetin and luteolin in the plant parts of Myxopyrum smilacifolium (wall.) Blume.

This study attempts to reveal antioxidants in the plant parts of Myxopyrum smilacifolium (Wall.) Blume using antioxidant assays and LC-MS/MS analysis. Methanol is the most effective solvent for collecting antioxidants. The roots-derived methanol extract demonstrates the greatest antioxidant activity, corresponding to the extremely low IC50 values of 16.39 µg/mL and 19.80 µg/mL for DPPH and ABTS radicals, respectively. The high phenolic and flavonoid contents are the primary reason for outstanding total antioxidant capacity (TAC; i.e. 247.73 ± 1.62 mg GA/g or 163.93 ± 0.83 mg AS/g) of the root extract. LC-MS/MS quantification of five phenolic compounds reveals exceptionally high amounts of quercetin and luteolin in the root extract, ranging from 238.86 ± 5.74 to 310.99 ± 1.44 µg/g and from 201.49 ± 7.84 to 234.10 ± 2.54 µg/g, respectively, in the root-derived methanol extract. The achievement highlights M. smilacifolium as a promising source of natural antioxidants for large-scale medical applications.

Research upon Cu-Doping Contents in TiO2 Nanoparticles Incorporated onto Cellulose Nanofibers for Dye Removal and Self-Cleaning Applications.

Cu-doping contents in the TiO2 lattice structure were studied to show the effects on the crystal structure, morphology, and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles and thus composite cellulosic nanofibrous membranes. Pristine and copper-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized using the sol-gel technique, a wet chemical method with the advantages of low synthesizing temperature, uniform nanosize distribution, and purity. The as-synthesized semiconductor nanoparticles were first tested with the dye removal process and then impregnated onto electrospun cellulose nanofibers (CL nanofibers) to acquire modified nanofibers with self-cleaning properties. The as-prepared composite CL nanofibers consisting of doped and undoped TiO2 nanoparticles were characterized by various techniques, such as field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, UV-vis, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and tensile tests. The copper-doped TiO2 molar ratio in the nanocomposite was found to possess a pronounced impact on the dye removal and self-cleaning effects under the visible light spectrum, whereas TiO2 is highly effective under specific UV-light irradiation. Optical measurements and dye decomposition showed that the Cu-doped TiO2 nanocomposite was optimized at a 1% molar ratio by the copper-doping concentration regarding dye removal and self-cleaning applications under the visible light range.

Secondhand Smoke and Socio-Demographic Associated Factors: Results From the Vietnam Population-Based Provincial Global Adult Tobacco Survey in 2022.

Background: Secondhand smoke (SHS) has detrimental effects on community health, including coronary heart diseases, stroke, lung cancer etc. This manuscript exploited data from the Vietnam Population-based Provincial Global Adult Tobacco Survey (PGATS) in 2022 to update the prevalence of adult exposure to SHS and associated socio-demographic factors. Methods: With the sample size of 71,981 adults aged 15+ throughout 30 provinces and cities in Vietnam, data was collected using the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) questionnaire. Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression modelling were performed. Results: In the past 30 days, 44.4% (95% CI: 44.0%-44.9%) adults aged 15+ exposed to SHS at home while 23.1% (95% CI: 22.6%-23.6%) exposed to SHS at work. Female exposure to SHS in the past 30 days was higher at homes but lower at indoor workplaces. Participants aged 15-24 were likely to have higher odds of SHS exposure in the past 30 days to other age groups. Those living in the urban areas had 1.15 times higher odds (95% CI: 1.08-1.22) of exposure to SHS than those in the rural areas. Current smokers tended to have 2.2 times higher odds of exposure to SHS at the indoor workplaces compared to non-smokers (95% CI: 2.05-2.37). Conclusions: The prevalence of exposure to SHS at home was still relatively high amongst the adult population. While there was a significant reduction of SHS exposure at indoor workplaces, there was a higher prevalence of women being exposed to SHS at home. The Government of Vietnam should continue to strictly implement the smoke-free environment resolution at indoor workplaces and appropriate communication campaigns to protect people, especially women from SHS exposure at homes.

Efficient implementation of the linear layer of block ciphers with large MDS matrices based on a new lookup table technique.

Block cipher is a cryptographic field that is now widely applied in various domains. Besides its security, deployment issues, implementation costs, and flexibility across different platforms are also crucial in practice. From an efficiency perspective, the linear layer is often the slowest transformation and requires significant implementation costs in block ciphers. Many current works employ lookup table techniques for linear layers, but they are quite costly and do not save memory storage space for the lookup tables. In this paper, we propose a novel lookup table technique to reduce memory storage when executing software. This technique is applied to the linear layer of block ciphers with recursive Maximum Distance Separable (MDS) matrices, Hadamard MDS matrices, and circulant MDS matrices of considerable sizes (e.g. sizes of 16, 32, 64, and so on). The proposed lookup table technique leverages the recursive property of linear matrices and the similarity in elements of Hadamard or circulant MDS matrices, allowing the construction of a lookup table for a submatrix instead of the entire linear matrix. The proposed lookup table technique enables the execution of the diffusion layer with unchanged computational complexity (number of XOR operations and memory accesses) compared to conventional lookup table implementations but allows a substantial reduction in memory storage for the pre-computed tables, potentially reducing the storage needed by 4 or 8 times or more. The memory storage will be reduced even more as the size of the MDS matrix increases. For instance, analysis shows that when the matrix size is 64, the memory storage ratio with the proposed lookup table technique decreases by 87.5% compared to the conventional lookup table technique. This method also allows for more flexible software implementations of large-sized linear layers across different environments.

Sequence and structure analyses of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases mined from metagenomic DNA of humus samples around white-rot fungi in Cuc Phuong tropical forest, Vietnam.

Background: White-rot fungi and bacteria communities are unique ecosystems with different types of symbiotic interactions occurring during wood decomposition, such as cooperation, mutualism, nutritional competition, and antagonism. The role of chitin-active lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) in these symbiotic interactions is the subject of this study. Method: In this study, bioinformatics tools were used to analyze the sequence and structure of putative LPMOs mined by hidden Markov model (HMM) profiles from the bacterial metagenomic DNA database of collected humus samples around white-rot fungi in Cuc Phuong primary forest, Vietnam. Two genes encoding putative LPMOs were expressed in E. coli and purified for enzyme activity assay. Result: Thirty-one full-length proteins annotated as putative LPMOs according to HMM profiles were confirmed by amino acid sequence comparison. The comparison results showed that although the amino acid sequences of the proteins were very different, they shared nine conserved amino acids, including two histidine and one phenylalanine that characterize the H1-Hx-Yz motif of the active site of bacterial LPMOs. Structural analysis of these proteins revealed that they are multidomain proteins with different functions. Prediction of the catalytic domain 3-D structure of these putative LPMOs using Alphafold2 showed that their spatial structures were very similar in shape, although their protein sequences were very different. The results of testing the activity of proteins GL0247266 and GL0183513 show that they are chitin-active LPMOs. Prediction of the 3-D structures of these two LPMOs using Alphafold2 showed that GL0247266 had five functional domains, while GL0183513 had four functional domains, two of which that were similar to the GbpA_2 and GbpA_3 domains of protein GbpA of Vibrio cholerae bacteria. The GbpA_2 - GbpA_3 complex was also detected in 11 other proteins. Based on the structural characteristics of functional domains, it is possible to hypothesize the role of chitin-active GbpA-like LPMOs in the relationship between fungal and bacterial communities coexisting on decomposing trees in primary forests.

Correlation Between Vestibular Disorders and Superior Semicircular Dehiscence on High-resolution Computed Tomography at Tam Anh Ho Chi Minh General Hospital.

Objective: Superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) is a pathologic condition within the inner ear characterized by various vestibular manifestations. Numerous studies have reported an incidence rate of SSCD ranging from 3.6% to 9% in the general population. The objective of this medical study was to evaluate the prevalence of superior SSCD and investigate its correlation with vestibular symptoms among patients who underwent high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans. To the best of our knowledge, there is limited research and awareness regarding SSCD in Vietnam. In addition, the secondary aim of our investigation is to assess the prevalence of SSCD in Vietnam and compare it with findings from previous studies worldwide. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Tam Anh Ho Chi Minh General Hospital from March 2022 to February 2024. Medical records and HRCT scans of the patients were collected. Patients were categorized into two groups: those with and without vestibular disorders. SSCD was defined as the absence of bone overlying the superior semicircular canal facing toward the dura of the middle cranial fossa. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the correlation between vestibular symptoms and the presence of SSCD. Results: A total of 362 patients (including 151 men and 211 women) were recruited. The prevalence of SSCD was 10.2% according to the HRCT scan results. The study found that 18.33% of patients with vestibular disorders had SSCD on HRCT scans, whereas only 6.2% of patients without vestibular disorders exhibited SSCD, indicating a significant association (p-value <0.001). Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of considering SSCD as a potential etiology in patients presenting with vestibular symptoms and emphasize the diagnostic utility of HRCT.

Antibiotic Resistance Profile and Bio-Control of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Raw Milk in Vietnam Using Bacteriophages.

E. coli is an important zoonotic pathogen capable of causing foodborne illness and bovine mastitis. Bacteriophages have been increasingly considered a promising tool to control unwanted bacteria. The aim of this study is to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of E. coli isolated from raw milk and the efficacy of phage in controlling multidrug-resistant E. coli in raw milk. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed the highest resistance rates of E. coli isolates to co-trime (27.34%) and ampicillin (27.34%), followed by streptomycin (25.18%), tetracycline (23.02%), and the lowest resistance rates to ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, and ceftazidime, all at a rate of 2.16%. All isolates were susceptible to meropenem. Of the 139 E. coli isolates, 57 (41.01%) were resistant to at least one antibiotic, and 35 (25.18%) were classified as MDR strains. Molecular characterization indicated that 5 (3.6%) out of the 139 isolates were STEC strains carrying stx1 gene. Seven (5.04%) isolates were phenotypically identified as ESBLEC, and four isolates (2.88%) were resistant to colistin. The results of the genotypic test revealed that four out of seven ESBLEC strains carried both blaTEM and blaCTX-M-1, two harbored blaTEM, and one possessed blaCTX-M-1, while mcr-1 was detected in all four colistin-resistant E. coli isolates. In particular, one isolated E. coli strain (EM148) was determined to be a multidrug-resistant strain simultaneously carrying blaTEM, blaCTX-M-1, and mcr-1. A total of eight phages were successfully recovered from raw milk. The application of phage PEM3 significantly reduced viable counts of multidrug-resistant host EM148 in raw milk by at least 2.31 log CFU/mL at both 24 °C and 4 °C.