Adaptation of the Intelligence Structure Test, Latvian version: psychometric properties.

The Intelligence Structure Test (IST-2000R) is created to measure reasoning abilities and knowledge through verbal, numerical, and figural domains. The qualities of IST-2000R have shown its potential to be adapted and standardized in a Latvian sample to be used in psychological evaluation and research, thus satisfying the need for reliable measurement. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Latvian version of IST-2000R. The adaptation sample consisted of 1,017 participants aged 15-65 (M = 31.8; SD = 10.94), of whom 36% were male. Participants were tested using the supervised offline administration mode (exploro.lv). The Ethics Committee of Riga Stradins University (RSU), Riga, Latvia, approved the study. The data show that the psychometric properties of the Latvian version of IST-2000R are in line with scientific norms. Thus, the test is considered to be reliable and may be used for psychological evaluation and research.

Individual and collective protective responses during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in 10 different countries: Results from the EUCLID online survey.

BACKGROUND: In times of unprecedented infectious disease threats, it is essential to understand how to increase individual protective behaviors and support for collective measures. The present study therefore examines factors associated with individual and collective pathways. METHODS: Data was collected through an online survey from 4483 participants (70.8% female, M = 41.2 years) across 10 countries from April 15, 2020 to June 2, 2020 as part of the "EUCLID" project (https://euclid.dbvis.de). Structural equation modeling was used to examine individual and collective pathways across and within countries. RESULTS: Overall, the adoption of individual protective behaviors and support for collective measures were high. Risk perception on the individual level and perceived effectiveness at the collective level were positively associated with both individual protective behaviors and support for collective measures. Furthermore, the model explained considerable variance in individual (40.7%) and collective protective behaviors (40.8%) and was largely replicated across countries. CONCLUSIONS: The study extends previous research by demonstrating that individual risk perception and perceived effectiveness of collective measures jointly affect individual protective health behaviors and support for collective measures. These findings highlight the need to jointly consider a variety of behavioral actions against infectious disease threats, acknowledging interactions between individual and collective pathways.