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INTRODUCTION: The interplay between erectile dysfunction (ED) and premature ejaculation (PE) needs more studies to clarify. AIM: To evaluate the risk factors and temporal relationship for the coexistence of ED and PE. METHODS: The data were derived from clinical history. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The diagnosis of ED and PE was based on self-report and validated questionnaires. RESULTS: Based on the chief complaint, 1,893 participants were recruited as ED group and 483 participants as PE group from 2014 to 2020. One third of ED and PE groups reported comorbid PE and ED. Of the ED group, 4.1% (n = 77) had lifelong PE, 18.0% (n = 341) had acquired PE and 9.7% (n = 184) had subjective or natural variable PE. Of the PE group, ED was reported in 22.0% (n = 40) of lifelong PE, 33.9% (n = 65) of acquired PE, and 37.6% (n = 41) of subjective or natural variable PE, P < .01. With adjustment of potential confounders, the ED severity was associated with increased risk of acquired PE, while acquired PE was associated with higher risk of ED than lifelong PE. In cases of comorbid lifelong PE and ED (n = 117), 22.2% reported the onset of both dysfunctions being about the same time, whereas 77.8% reported ED occurred behind PE with an average 23.3 years lag. In cases of comorbid acquired PE and ED (n = 406), 52.2% reported the onset of both dysfunctions being about the same time, 34.2% reported ED happened behind PE and 13.5% reported PE emerged behind ED. CONCLUSION: Organic pathogenesis was least likely to be responsible for the link between PE and ED. When acquired PE and ED coexist, treating ED first or concomitantly according to their temporal order is an appropriate management algorithm. ChiehWen Chin, Chia Mu Tsai, Jen-Tai Lin, et al. A Cross-Sectional Observational Study on the Coexistence of Erectile Dysfunction and Premature Ejaculation. Sex Med 2021;9:100438.
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Hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma (PGL/PCC) syndrome is an uncommon genetic condition featured by an inherited predisposition to generate PGLs. Surgical resection of all tumors is the standard treatment for excess adrenaline production and tendency for metastasis. Nowadays, there are few case reports that have mentioned the surgical technique for hereditary PGL/PCC syndromes, especially robot-assisted surgery. Herein we present a rare case of hereditary PGL/PCC syndromes treated by partial cystectomy and right adrenalectomy at the same time with modified dual docking robotic surgical technique. Our dual docking robotic technique is a feasible option for patients with hereditary PGL/PCC syndromes of synchronous tumors in bladder and adrenal gland. It could not only prevent from second surgery but be safely performed without compromising disease control.
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Cryptosporidium, a protozoan pathogen that causes cryptosporidiosis has emerged as an important source of diarrheal illness among humans and animals. The current routine laboratory technique used for Cryptosporidium diagnosis is light microscopy with acid-fast staining but the technique has low efficiency and sensitivity for species-specific identification. Single PCR to amplify a 220 bp fragment of 18 S ribosomal DNA of C. parvum and C. hominis was developed. The restriction enzymes, TaqI and VspI, were used to distinguish between amplicons of human and bovine C. parvum genotype. Water samples, collected from Lo-Na, Ton-Pu, Ho-Ping, and Jen-Ai, Taiwan contained only bovine C. parvum genotype whereas in the Ton-Pu and Jen-Ai samples C. hominis was also present. Thus, the used of PCR-RFLP allowed successful identification of Cryptosporidium in water samples and differentiation between human and bovine species.