Oral squamous cell carcinoma arising from areas of Graft-versus-host disease: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is an immune system reaction that occurs in patients with a history of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), in which the grafted donor's cells attack those of the host. The objective of this systematic review was to present a study on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSSC) that developed from GVHD areas in patients undergoing HSCT. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An electronic search was conducted in the databases PUBMED, WEB OF SCIENCE, SCOPUS, MEDLINE and SCIENCE DIRECT, according to PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS: Of the 1582 results, 23 articles were included, resulting in 81 cases. The most common underlying disease for performing the transplant was Myeloid Leukemia (55.6%). The mean age was 39 years, with a predilection for males (64.2%). The tongue was the site of GVHD that most frequently underwent transformation to SCC (59.3%). The average time between transplantation and the development of GVHD was of approximately of 8 months, while the average period of development between transplantation and the development of OSCC was of approximately of 111 months. The most common treatment to GVHD was cyclosporine associated with corticosteroids. CONCLUSIONS: OSCCs arising from areas of GVHD present a different evolution from conventional oral carcinomas, since they affect younger patients, smoking and alcohol are not important etiological factors and finally because they present good prognosis, but further studies with larger number cases followed are needed to confirm our findings.

HIV-related non-Hodgkin lymphomas affecting the oral cavity: a clinicopathologic study of 11 cases.

BACKGROUND: HIV-related non-Hodgkin lymphomas of the oral cavity are rare lesions with aggressive clinical behaviour. The aim of this study is to describe the clinicopathological features of a series of HIV-related oral non-Hodgkin lymphomas. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eleven cases of oral lymphomas affecting HIV-positive patients were retrieved from 2012 to 2019. Clinicopathological features regarding age, sex, tumour location, clinical presentation, laboratory findings, disease stage and follow-up were obtained. Histologic, immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization for EBV detection were done for diagnosis confirmation. Overall survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier curve. RESULTS: Males predominated, with a mean age of 40.3 years-old. Maxilla and mandible were the mostly affected. Plasmablastic lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (NOS) were the main histological types. Lesions presented as reddish ulcerated swellings, representing the first sign of AIDS in six cases. Stage IV were common (7 cases) and the mean HIV viral load was 10,557 copies/mL, with a mean of 266 CD4+ cells/mm3, 1,278 CD8+ cells/mm3 and a CD4+/CD8+ ratio of 0.26. Eight patients died of the disease (72.7%). Overall survival revealed that 78.2% of the patients died after 21 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: HIV-related oral lymphomas present a poor prognosis usually diagnosed in advanced stages and in our series plasmablastic lymphoma was the most common subtype.

Intravaginal artificial insemination in bitches using frozen/thawed semen after dilution in powdered coconut water (ACP-106c).

The aim of this study was to evaluate powdered coconut water extender (ACP-106c; ACP Serviços Tecnológicos Ltda, ACP Biotecnologia, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil) as a diluent for freezing dog semen and the fertility after vaginal insemination of semen frozen therein. Ten ejaculates were collected from five dogs, evaluated fresh, diluted in ACP-106c, 10% egg yolk and 6% glycerol, cooled and frozen. In the first phase of the study, straws with frozen semen were thawed and immediately subjected to the same analysis as the fresh semen and, in addition, to Computer-Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA). In phase 2, 10 bitches that had been subjected to natural breeding during a preceding oestrous cycle were vaginally inseminated with thawed semen that had been re-diluted in ACP-106c. After thawing, a mean of 77% sperm motility was obtained through subjective analysis and 77.3% through CASA. Following artificial insemination, a 60% pregnancy rate was observed, resulting in a 50% parturition rate and a mean litter size of 3.4 (SEM 0.6), with 47.1% males and 52.9% females. ACP-106c can be successfully used for freezing canine semen, and vaginal deposition of such semen yields similar pregnancy rates to those reported in other studies.

Dimethylformamide as a cryoprotectant for canine semen diluted and frozen in ACP-106C.

The objective was to assess the effect of adding various concentrations of dimethylformamide on characteristics of canine semen diluted in powdered coconut water (ACP-106C; ACP Biotecnologia, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil) and frozen at -196°C. Fifteen ejaculates were collected by manual stimulation from five adult Boxer dogs. The sperm-rich fraction was diluted in ACP-106C (ACP Biotecnologia) containing 10% egg yolk and divided into four aliquots. The cryoprotectants used for each aliquot were 6% glycerol (control group; CG) or 2%, 4%, or 6% dimethylformamide (DF2, DF4, and DF6, respectively). After thawing, total motility (mean ± SEM) for CG (58.4 ± 24.6) was higher (P < 0.05) than that of the other groups (2% dimethylformamide, 24.4 ± 12.3; 4% dimethylformamide, 26.5 ± 16.1; and 6% dimethylformamide, 21.7 ± 17.9). Furthermore, there was a greater percentage of fast, average, and slow moving sperm (assessed with computer-aided semen analysis; CASA) in CG in comparison with the other three groups. Therefore, based on concentrations tested in this study, dimethylformamide, together with ACP-106C (ACP Biotecnologia) and 10% egg yolk as a diluent, yielded unsatisfactory in vitro results for freezing canine semen.

Quality of canine semen submitted to single or fractionated glycerol addition during the freezing process.

Glycerol is the cryoprotector most frequently used to freeze semen from different species. The objective of the present study was to compare the effect of single and fractionated glycerol addition on canine semen quality after thawing. Sperm fractions from 12 stud dogs were collected, evaluated, extended in Tris plus egg-yolk and separated into two aliquots to which glycerol was added in one step (single) or in three steps at 5-min intervals (fractionated). Semen was frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen and thawed after 1 week. A thermoresistance test was performed over a period of 120 min at 37-39 degrees C to evaluate the percentage of mobile spermatozoa (motility) and the status of motility (vigor) after thawing. There were no significant differences between the two methods of glycerol addition-immediately after thawing, and during the thermoresistance test-in sperm motility, vigor or morphology. A significant reduction in motility and vigor was found at 15 min after thawing and these parameters continued to decline until 120 min. In conclusion, glycerol can be added to canine semen in single or fractionated manner, but the single addition method is the easiest and the most practical to use.