Favipiravir does not appear to be a major teratogen: Case series from Türkiye.

INTRODUCTION: Favipiravir has gained attention during the Coronavirus Disease-2019 pandemic due to its potential antiviral effect against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2. Favipiravir has been identified as a teratogen in animal studies, but there is limited human data. We aimed to evaluate the pregnancy outcomes of women exposed to favipiravir during the pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Pregnant women who were exposed to favipiravir and applied to Marmara University School of Medicine Medical Pharmacology Outpatient Clinic Teratology Information Service between December 2020-September 2021 are included in the study. The demographic information, medical and obstetric histories of patients were acquired during admission, the outcomes of the pregnancies and the characteristics of the infants were gathered by regular phone calls. The infants whose parents consented were evaluated by a pediatrician for general well-being and congenital anomalies. RESULTS: 22 pregnant women were included in this study. 81.8 % received the recommended favipiravir dose (8000 mg in 5 days), in the first trimester. Two patients were lost to follow-up, there was one elective termination and 19 live births. Congenital anomalies were found in 2 infants, one of whom had 9q34 duplication syndrome. Except for these, all newborns examined by the pediatrician were healthy. DISCUSSION: Within a limited case series, a subset of the infants exposed to favipiravir prenatally were followed up to 1 year of age. Two infants exhibited congenital malformations that cannot be directly linked to favipiravir due to confounding variables. Considering the limited data published, favipiravir does not appear to be a major teratogen.

Fabrication of ethosuximide loaded alginate/polyethylene oxide scaffolds for epilepsy research using 3D-printing method.

Epilepsy is a medical condition that causes seizures and impairs the mental and physical activities of patients. Unfortunately, over one-third of patients do not receive adequate relief from oral Antiepileptic Drugs (AEDs) and continue to experience seizures. In addition to that, long term usage of Antiepileptic Drugs can cause a range of side effects. To overcome this problem, the precision of 3D printing technology is combined with the controlled release capabilities of biodegradable polymers, allowing for tailored and localized AED delivery to specific seizure sites. As a result of this novel technique, therapeutic outcomes can be enhanced, side effects of AEDs are minimized, and patient-specific dosage forms can be created. This study focused on the use of ethosuximide, an antiepileptic drug, at different concentrations (10, 13, and 15 mg) loaded into 3D-printed sodium alginate and polyethylene oxide scaffolds. The scaffolds contained varying concentrations (0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75% w/v) and had varying pores created by 3D patterning sizes from 159.86 ± 19.9 µm to 240.29 ± 10.7 µm to optimize the releasing system for an intracranial administration. The addition of PEO changed the Tg and Tm temperatures from 65°C to 69°C and from 262°C to 267°C, respectively. Cytotoxicity assays using the human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) showed that cell metabolic activity reached 130% after 168 h, allowing the cells to develop into mature neural cells. In vitro testing demonstrated sustained ethosuximide release lasting 2 hours despite crosslinking with 3% CaCl2. The workpaves the way for the use of ethosuximide -loaded scaffolds for treating epilepsy.