[Impact of self-reported periodontal status on oral health-related quality of life in adult population with Type 2 Diabetes from Mexico City]. / Impacto del estado periodontal autorreportado en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud oral en población adulta con diabetes tipo 2 de la Ciudad de México.

OBJECTIVE: Periodontitis ranks sixth as a type 2 diabetes (T2D) complication. According to its severity, it may cause pain, discomfort and tooth loss. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of self-reported periodontal status on the Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of people with T2D. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving seventy-nine adults with T2D who visited the Metabolic Syndrome clinic at the Cosío Villegas National Institute of Respiratory Diseases in Mexico City between August and November 2010. The OHRQoL was evaluated with the shortened Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-EE14). Periodontitis was measured by self-report, probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL). The association between self-reported periodontal status and OHRQoL was evaluated with binomial regression models. RESULTS: Mean age of the participants was 60,4 years (SD=9,6); diabetes duration was 10,1 years (SD=6,6). The OHRQoL was associated with self-perception of bad breath (RR=1,58; p=0,025), self-perception of poor gum health (RR=1,66; p=0,016), dissatisfaction with chewing ability (RR=2,22; p≤0,001), tooth loss due to mobility (RR=1,74; p=0,019), and presence of 20 teeth or less (RR=1,57; p=0,045). CONCLUSIONS: OHRQoL is associated with self-report of bad breath, poor gum health and dissatisfaction with chewing ability in people with T2D, which suggests that self-perceived oral conditions represent signs and symptoms of functional and psychological impairment related to severe periodontitis.

OBJECTIVE: La periodontitis es la sexta complicación de la diabetes tipo 2 (DT2); dependiendo de su severidad puede causar dolor, incomodidad o hasta pérdida dental. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el impacto del estado periodontal autorreportado en la Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud Oral (CVRSO) en personas con DT2. METHODS: Se realizó un estudio transversal que incluyó a setenta y nueve adultos con DT2 atendidos en la Clínica de Síndrome Metabólico del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Cosío Villegas en la Ciudad de México, entre agosto y noviembre de 2010. La CVRSO se evaluó con el cuestionario Perfil de Impacto en la Salud Bucal acortado (OHIP-EE14). La periodontitis se evaluó por autorreporte, profundidad al sondeo (PS) y pérdida de inserción clínica (PIC). La asociación entre estado periodontal autorreportado y CVRSO se evaluó con modelos de regresión binomial negativa. RESULTS: La edad promedio fue de 60,4 años (DE=9,6); la duración de diabetes de 10,1 años (DE=6,6). La CVRSO se asoció con la autopercepción de mal aliento (RR=1,58, p=0,025), autopercepción de mala salud de las encías (RR=1,66, p=0,016), insatisfacción de la habilidad para masticar (RR=2,22, p≤0,001), pérdida de algún diente con movilidad previa (RR=1,74, p=0,019) y 20 dientes presentes o menos (RR=1,57, p=0,045). CONCLUSIONS: La CVRSO se asocia con el autorreporte de mal aliento, mala salud de las encías e insatisfacción de la habilidad para masticar en personas con DT2; esto sugiere que las condiciones bucales autopercibidas representan signos y síntomas de deterioro funcional y psicológico relacionados con la periodontitis severa.

Social determinants for overweight and obesity in a highly marginalized population from Comitán, Chiapas, Mexico.

OBJECTIVE: We assessed the prevalence of overweight and obesity and its association with some social determinants in a highly marginalized population in Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted in Comitán, Chiapas, from 2010 to 2012, comprising 1 858 subjects aged ≥20 years. We evaluated proximal, intermediate, and structuralsocial determinants. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 37.9 and 16.5%, respectively. The probability of overweight and obesity was higher in participants with ≥primary school, self-reported non-indigenous origin, and medium level of marginalization compared with those with

OBJETIVO: Estimar la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad y su asociación con determinantes sociales en población con alto grado de marginación. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal realizado en Comitán, Chiapas, de 2010 a 2012, que incluyó 1 858 sujetos ≥20 años de edad. Se evaluaron determinantes sociales proximales, intermedios y estructurales. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad fue de 37.9 y 16.5%, respectivamente. La probabilidad de sobrepeso y obesidad fue mayor en sujetos con escolaridad ≥primaria, en sujetos que se autodefinieron como no indígenas y en sujetos con un grado de marginación medio comparado con individuos con escolaridad

Social determinants for overweight and obesity in a highly marginalized population from Comitán, Chiapas, Mexico / Determinantes sociales relacionados con el sobrepeso y obesidad en una población con alto grado de marginación de Comitán, Chiapas, México

Abstract Objective: We assessed the prevalence of overweight and obesity and its association with some social determinants in a highly marginalized population in Mexico. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in Comitán, Chiapas, from 2010 to 2012, comprising 1 858 subjects aged ≥20 years. We evaluated proximal, intermediate, and structural social determinants. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 37.9 and 16.5%, respectively. The probability of overweight and obesity was higher in participants with ≥primary school, self-reported non-indigenous origin, and medium level of marginalization compared with those with <primary school, self-reported indigenous origin, and high/very high level of marginalization. Conclusion: The probability of overweight and obesity was higher in population with more favorable social conditions, which may be partially explained by changes in the traditional lifestyle with greater access to high energy foods and physical inactivity.

Resumen Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad y su asociación con determinantes sociales en población con alto grado de marginación. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal realizado en Comitán, Chiapas, de 2010 a 2012, que incluyó 1 858 sujetos ≥20 años de edad. Se evaluaron determinantes sociales proximales, intermedios y estructurales. Resultados: La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad fue de 37.9 y 16.5%, respectivamente. La probabilidad de sobrepeso y obesidad fue mayor en sujetos con escolaridad ≥primaria, en sujetos que se autodefinieron como no indígenas y en sujetos con un grado de marginación medio comparado con individuos con escolaridad <primaria, con autodefinirse como indígena y tener un grado de marginación alto/muy alto. Conclusión: La probabilidad de sobrepeso y obesidad fue mayor en población con condiciones sociales más favorables, parcialmente explicada por cambios en el estilo de vida con mayor acceso a alimentos con alta energía e inactividad física.

A randomized control trial for reduction of caloric and non-caloric sweetened beverages in young adults: effects in weight, body composition and blood pressure.

INTRODUCTION: Recently has been documented that the consumption of sweetened non-caloric beverages has increased as an option to weight control, however randomized control trials have demonstrated a modest weight loss. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of reducing consumption of beverage with caloric and non-caloric sweeteners on weight, body composition and blood pressure in young Mexican adults. METHODS: In an experimental study 148 nursing students were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups: 1) no sweetened beverages were permitted, only plain water, tea or coffee without sugar; 2) consumption of beverages with non-caloric sweeteners was allowed; and 3) no restriction of sweetened beverages was imposed. All groups were given individualized isocaloric diets monitored by a 24-hour record of consumption and food frequency questionnaire and blood pressure, weight, waist circumference and body composition by tetrapolar bioelectric impedance were taken at the beginning of the study and three and six months later. RESULTS: Differences between groups were found in body mass index at 3 months that decrease in group 1 and 2 and increase in group 3 (-1.75 vs.-0.61 vs.0.54% of change, p < 0.001). At six months there were also statistical differences in waist circumference (-4.07 vs.-1.23 vs. 0.62% of change, p < 0.001) and sugar consumption (-62.0 vs.-54.61 vs.11.08% of change, p < 0.001) in groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The reduction in consumption of both caloric and non-caloric sweetened beverages contributes to signifi cant body mass index loss and waist circumference.

Bioelectrical impedance phase angle as a prognostic marker in chronic heart failure.

OBJECTIVE: The main purpose of the present study was to assess the prognostic value of the bioelectrical phase angle (PA) in patients with heart failure independently of other parameters of a poor prognosis. METHODS: This retrospective study included 389 patients with heart failure. Anthropometric, body composition, clinical, biochemical, and echocardiographic data were collected from all patients. The quartiles were obtained for the PA, and patients were classified according to the quartiles into four groups. The endpoint was all-cause mortality. A Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to estimate the adjusted relative risks, and 95% confidence intervals were obtained for the potential predictors of death. RESULTS: Patients below the lowest quartile of PA (<4.2°) had decreased mean body mass index, handgrip strength, and hemoglobin values and a larger proportion of patients in New York Heart Association functional class III and renal failure. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis among PA groups showed a better survival for patients above the highest quartile of PA (≥5.7°), and survival decreased as the PA decreased. The Cox regression analysis found that a PA <4.2 was an independent predictor of mortality (relative risk 3.08, 95% confidence interval 1.06-8.99), adjusting for age, hemoglobin levels, and diabetes, compared with a PA ≥5.7. CONCLUSION: In this study population, a smaller PA was associated with malnutrition markers such as decreased body mass index, handgrip strength, and hemoglobin values and with a poor New York Heart Association functional class and renal failure. Adjusting for age, hemoglobin levels, and diabetes, a PA <4.2 was found to be an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in chronic heart failure.

Cachexia assessed by bioimpedance vector analysis as a prognostic indicator in chronic stable heart failure patients.

BACKGROUND: This study explored whether the cachectic state assessed by bioimpedance vector analysis provides additional prognostic information about mortality from all causes. METHODS: We included 519 consecutive patients with stable chronic heart failure (mean age 62.5 ± 16.4 y; 286 males). Cachexia was identified in those subjects who fell outside the right lower quadrant of the reference curve of 95% on the resistance/reactance graph [bioelectrical impedance vectorial analysis (BIVA)-cachexia]. Clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical data were also evaluated. RESULTS: Patients with BIVA-cachexia (n = 196, 37.8%) were older and had significantly lower ejection fraction, handgrip strength, serum albumin, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. The frequency of patients with body mass index < 20, decreased muscle strength, hypoalbuminemia, anemia, anorexia, New York Heart Association functional classes III/IV and edema, as well as creatinine levels, resistance/height, and impedance index was significantly higher in the cachexia group. During 29 ± 11 mo of follow-up, 39 (19.9%) patients with BIVA-cachexia and 38 (11.7%) patients without BIVA-cachexia (P < 0.0001) died. CONCLUSIONS: The cachectic state is an independent risk factor for mortality in chronic heart failure patients. BIVA could represent a valuable tool to assess presence of cachexia as changes in body cell mass in heart failure patients because provide information additional to weight loss.