Filling gaps in experiences religious understanding of people living with cancer in palliative care: a phenomenological qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: According to a phenomenology of contemporary religion, the analysis of religious experiences finds that they are part of an individual's search for something powerful that overcomes him seeking not only a need, but the meaning of all existence. The present study aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the religious experiences of people living with cancer in palliative care (PC) and fill gaps in access to experience, with regard to how it was properly lived. METHODS: A qualitative, phenomenological, cross-sectional study was conducted with 14 people living with cancer undergoing PC at two outpatient clinics of a public hospital. The experiences were accessed through in-depth interviews and the results were analysed according to the principles of classical phenomenology. RESULTS: The patients confidently surrendered to the divine, attributing to it the power of continuity of life or not, which sustained them and launched them into horizons of hope, directing them to possibilities of achieving meaning in life, which it fed back their faith and to continue living, opening them up to an intense perception of the value of life. CONCLUSIONS: The religious positions of confident surrender to the divine, to his will and a belief in his intervention, regardless of the outcome, opened possibilities to patients for the belief in the continuity of life by the power of faith. This position allowed the patients in this study to visualize achievements in the present and in the future, opening a horizon of hope, meaning and value of living. This study showed how this elements are presented and sustained, providing subsidies to health professionals seeking to provide more holistic care.

Personal positioning of oncology patients in palliative care: a mixed-methods study.

BACKGROUND: Advanced oncological disease requires comprehensive health care, although attention is predominantly paid to the physical dimension of care. The consideration of personal positioning encompasses other dimensions of patients' management of their illness, such as existential management and expanding forms of care. The objective of this study was to understand the personal positioning of cancer patients in palliative care. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study using the mixed convergent parallel method. The sample consisted of 71 cancer patients in palliative care, of whom 14 participated in the qualitative and quantitative portions and 57 participated in only the quantitative portion. Phenomenological interviews were performed, and qualitative and quantitative methods were used to collect meaning of life (PIL-Test), quality of life (EORTC QLQ C-30), anxiety and depression (HADS) and sociodemographic data. The interview results were analysed according to the principles of classical phenomenology, and the quantitative data were analysed using the generalized structural equations model. RESULTS: The results showed that the patients turned to living, focusing on their possibilities and distancing themselves from the impact of the illness and the factuality of death, which the patients themselves associated with not succumbing to depression, a condition whose signs were exhibited by 21% of the sample. Sustaining this positioning required a tenacious fight, which feeds on sensitivity to life. Linked to this position was the belief in the continuation of life through religious faith, together with the patients' realization of the meaning of their lives. In this same direction, there was a direct association between awareness of the meaning of life and increased scores on the functional scales (p <  0.01) and decreased scores for symptoms (p <  0.01), anxiety (p = 0.02) and depression (p < 0.01). The last element that emerged and structured this experience was the intense will to live and a sense of the value of life. CONCLUSIONS: Through the use of mixed methods, the present study recognized the existential positioning of cancer patients in palliative care. This understanding can aid in the realization of more comprehensive and meaningful treatment plans and can contribute to the goal of achieving humanization in this area of treatment.

Perineal trauma as an existential change: a qualitative study with women experiencing humanized birth / Trauma perineal como mudança existencial: um estudo qualitativo com mulheres vivenciando o parto humanizado

ABSTRACT: Objective: To investigate how women experienced perineal trauma during a humanized birth.Methods: A qualitative study with 22 postpartum women was performed from January to December 2018. The Husserlian phenomenology was used as theoretical framework using individual, in-depth interviews that were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. Results: Twenty-four categories emerged from women ́s reports. During the prenatal phase, we found lack of information regarding perineal trauma, the alterity as a facilitating process to incentive women towards vaginal delivery and the perception of the beginning of an existential transition. During labor, it was noticed trust and attachment with the health professional giving physical and emotional support, the fear of the unknown linking to insecurity, the need for internal surrender to the process, empowerment as a result of trust and commitment, to give herself to the moment and no concerns with intrapartum injury but at the same time, having the possibility to share a decision-making process of suturing(or not). The postpartum period has shown the completion of the existential transition, the body as a place of estrangement, the loosening of some ties, but the construction of new networks of personal support to overcome postpartum. Conclusions: Most of women after humanized birth perceived perineal trauma as an existential transition that was initiated during antenatal period. (AU)

RESUMO: Objetivos: Investigar como as mulheres experienciaram o trauma perineal durante um parto humanizado. Métodos: Um estudo qualitativo com 22 mulheres pós-parto foi realizado de janeiro a dezembro 2018. A fenomenologia Husserliana foi usada como referencial teórico usando entrevistas individuais que foram audiogravadas e transcritas verbatim. Resultados: Vinte e quatro categorias emergiram durante os relatos. Durante o período pré-natal, a falta de informação sobre o trauma perineal, a alteridade como processo facilitador para incentivar as mulheres em direção ao parto vaginal e a percepção do começo de uma transição existencial. Durante o parto, a confiança e ligação com o(a) profissional de saúde com suporte físico e emocional, o medo do desconhecido e a insegurança, a necessidade de se entregar ao processo, o empoderamento como resultado de confiança e comprometimento, e o processo de tomada de decisão compartilhada da sutura (ou não). O período pós-parto mostra a completude da transição existencial, o corpo como local de estranhamento, o afrouxamento de alguns laços, mas a construção de novas redes de suporte pessoal para superar esse período. Conclusão: A maior parte das mulheres depois do parto humanizado percebe o trauma perineal como uma transição existencial que fora iniciada durante o período antenatal. (AU)

Microanalytical Study of Ancient Gold Jewelry: Mediterranean Impact on the Early Iron Age Technology in Southwestern Iberia.

The gold technology in Iberia underwent an important development during the Early Iron Age (EIA) following the arrival of new technological skills from the Mediterranean region, including the use of filigree, granulation, and brazing. This work presents the microanalytical study of EIA gold jewels (22 spherical beads and four tongue pendants) recovered from three graves in southern Portugal. The set of jewelry, showing an extraordinary stylistic resemblance, was characterized by optical microscopy, micro energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy with X-ray microanalysis to establish the alloy composition and production techniques. The pieces show a close technological relation, making use of artificial gold alloys with different amounts of silver (c. 40 and 25%). The decorative styles include different types of filigree (solid wires and hollow wires), while the joining techniques comprise brazing with Au-Ag-Cu solders and, probably, sintering. In spite of those technological and stylistic features, clearly pointing to a Mediterranean influence, the absence of granulation suggests an indigenous workshop where exogenous technologies/decorations were not yet fully integrated in the manufacture of such luxury items.

A roda de capoeira: uma vivência comunitária / The capoeira roda (circle): a community lived experience

A capoeira abrange uma variedade de elementos. Como uma forma de luta, a malícia e a malandragem marcam suas características essenciais. Além disto, o elemento luta aparece situado em um ritual, onde brotam a dança, a musicalidade e o ritmo. Deste modo, configura-se uma roda composta por capoeiristas e pelo público na qual se revela o caráter coletivo do aqui agora da capoeira em sua pronta manifestação. Neste sentido, aplica-se uma investigação fenomenológica do sentido vivido das experiências que constituem a capoeira em sua estrutura de acontecimento. Realiza-se uma análise fenomenológica de 15 entrevistas fenomenológicas, realizadas com mestres de capoeira com mais de 28 anos de experiência. Nelas, buscou-se apreender suas experiências intencionais. Após transcritos, os depoimentos foram submetidos a uma análise intencional, que revela uma descrição das vivências coletivas mostrando o papel essencial da musicalidade que dispara as ações voluntárias e livress, estruturates destas vivências coletivas. Realiza-se o contraste destes resultados com os de Edith Stein, verificando-se que existe uma compatibilidade que permite compreender estas vivências da capoeira.(AU)

Capoeira covers a variety of elements. As a fight form, trickery and cunning are its essential characteristics. Besides that, the element "fight" is situated within a ritual, where musicality dance moves are born. Thus it configures a roda (circle) made up of capoeiristas (practitioners of capoeira) and an audience, which reveals capoeira?s communitarian way of being, in the right here/ right now, manifested fully. In this sense, a phenomenological investigation on the way of living inside capoeira?s experiences, which constitutes the structures of capoeira itself, is applied in this paper. Five open and in depth interviews with 15 mestres (masters) of capoeira, all of them with more than 28 years of experience were made. The interviews goals were to grasp and understand these mestres intentions. After transcription, the testimonials were subjected to an intentional analysis, which revealed a description of the community experiences, showing the main role of the musicality on providing voluntary and free actions, which will be the very basis of the capoeira way of living. There is a compatibility showed by the contrast of these results with Edith Stein?s thoughts, which allows us to see a capoeira experience as community lived experiences.(AU)

Arqueologia fenomenológica, fenomenologia genética e psicologia: rumo à gênese das manifestações culturais / Phenomenological archaeology, genetic phenomenology and psychology: towards the genesis of cultural manifestations / Archéologie phénoménologique, phénoménologie génétique et psychologie: vers la genèse des manifestations culturelles / Arqueología fenomenológica, fenomenología genética y psicología: hacia la génesis de las manifestaciones culturales

Neste artigo é realizada uma investigação teórica de fundamentos e princípios da fenomenologia clássica enquanto orientação metodológica para o estudo de fenômenos culturais. Tal investigação se inscreve no domínio qualitativo de pesquisa em psicologia e, portanto, no domínio da psicologia da cultura. Porém, ao considerar o domínio geral dos estudos fenomenológicos em psicologia, constata-se a regularidade de críticas à fenomenologia clássica, pondo em questão alguns pressupostos metodológicos adotados por Husserl, tendo por referência, sobretudo, seus trabalhos publicados em vida. Com base em autores contemporâneos que têm se dedicado ao estudo de suas últimas obras e manuscritos ainda não publicados, o debate em torno dessas críticas é atualizado de modo a inovar as reflexões sobre a aplicação empírica de sua fenomenologia. Verificam-se então equivalências entre a arqueologia fenomenológica das culturas e a fenomenologia genética que delineiam as primeiras orientações metodológicas para o estudo de fenômenos culturais.

This paper presents a theoretical investigation of the fundamentals and principles of classical phenomenology as a methodological approach for the study of cultural phenomena. This research is inscribed in the realm of qualitative research in psychology, therefore in the field of psychology of culture. However, in considering the general area of phenomenological studies in psychology, regular criticism of classical phenomenology is observed, questioning some methodological assumptions adopted by Husserl, referring primarily to the works published during his lifetime. Based on contemporary authors dedicated to the study of Husserl´s later works and unpublished manuscripts, the debate around these criticisms is updated to innovate reflections on the empirical application of his phenomenology. As conclusion, some equivalences between phenomenological archeology of culture and genetic phenomenology confers the first methodological guidelines for the study of cultural phenomena.

Cet article présente une enquête théorique sur les fondements et les principes de la phénomenologie classique en tant que guide méthodologique pour l'étude des phénomènes culturels. Cette recherche s'inscrit dans le domaine de la recherche qualitative en psychologie et donc dans le domaine de la psychologie de la culture. Toutefois, compte tenu les études phénoménologiques en psychologie pris de façon générale, il y a la critique régulière de la phénoménologie classique, mettent en question certaines hypothèses méthodologiques adoptées par Husserl, particulièrement en ce qui concerne leurs oeuvres publiées en vie. Basé sur des auteurs contemporains qui se sont consacrés à l'étude de leurs oeuvres passées et manuscrits inédits, le débat autour de ces critiques est mis à jour et permet d'innover les réflexions sur l'application empirique de sa phénoménologie. À titre de conclusion, des équivalences entre l'archéologie phénoménologique des cultures et la phénoménologie génétique sont presentés comme des lignes méthodologiques directrices pour l'étude des phénomènes culturels.

Este artículo presenta una investigación teórica de los fundamentos y principios de la fenomenología clásica como guía metodológica para el estudio de los fenómenos culturales. Esta investigación se inscribe en el campo de la investigación cualitativa en psicología y, por lo tanto, en el campo de la psicología de la cultura. Sin embargo, teniendo en cuenta el dominio general de los estudios fenomenológicos en psicología, se verifica la regularidad de críticas a la fenomenología clásica, que cuestionan algunos presupuestos metodológicos adoptados por Husserl, teniendo por referencia, sobre todo, sus obras publicadas en vida. Con base en autores contemporáneos que se han dedicado al estudio de sus obras pasadas y manuscritos no publicados, el debate en torno a estas críticas fue actualizado para innovar las reflexiones sobre la aplicación empírica de su fenomenología. Son verificadas equivalencias entre la arqueología fenomenológica de las culturas y la fenomenología genética que delinean las primeras orientaciones metodológicas para el estudio de fenómenos culturales.