Corrigendum: Enhancing performance: unveiling the physiological impact of submaximal and supramaximal tests on mixed martial arts athletes in the -61 kg and -66 kg weight divisions.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1257639.].

Enhancing performance: unveiling the physiological impact of submaximal and supramaximal tests on mixed martial arts athletes in the -61 kg and -66 kg weight divisions.

This study delves into the intricate details of Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) by examining key variables such as maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 peak), aerobic energy (EAER), anaerobic energy (EAN), and accumulated O2 deficit (DOA). By investigating associations and comparing athletes in the -61 kg bantamweight and -66 kg featherweight weight divisions, we aim to shed light on their physiological characteristics. The sample consisted of 20 male volunteers separated into two paired groups: ten athletes in the category up to 61 kg (age: 27.7 ± 5.9 years old, height: 170.9 ± 3.4 cm, body mass: 72.8 ± 1.4 kg, fat percentage: 9.5% ± 3.0%, professional experience: 7.5 ± 7.1 years) and ten athletes up to 66 kg (age: 27.6 ± 2.9 years old, height: 176.0 ± 5.5 cm, body mass: 77.0 ± 1.5 kg, fat percentage: 7.85% ± 0.3%, professional experience: 5.5 ± 1.5 years). Remarkably, our findings revealed striking similarities between the two weight divisions. Furthermore, we discovered a negative correlation between VO2 peak and the number of MMA fights, indicating a potential impact of professional experience on aerobic capacity (r = -0.65, p < 0.01). Additionally, the number of fights exhibited negative correlations with anaerobic energy (r = -0.53, p < 0.05) and total energy cost (r = -0.54, p < 0.05). These results provide valuable insights for designing training programs in the context of MMA. While training both weight divisions together can be beneficial, it is equally crucial to incorporate specific weight-class-focused training to address each division's unique physical demands and requirements.

COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts on the Mental Health of Professional Soccer: Comparison of Anxiety Between Genders.

This study verifies associated factors with trait and state anxiety in professional soccer teams during the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample was composed of 315 athletes, coaches, and physical trainers of professional soccer teams during the COVID-19 pandemic. From this amount, 214 were classified with trait anxiety, and 315 were classified with state anxiety using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). This study is an epidemiological and cross-sectional study. We applied an observational method, and we performed a remote measurement. The measurement was made via online questionnaires in male and female individuals working on soccer teams (soccer professionals or athletes) who could be affected by anxiety during social isolation in the COVID-19 pandemic. Each questionnaire was composed of sociodemographic questions, self-perceived performance, and STAI. The main results indicated a significant difference between female vs. male soccer professionals in state anxiety (54.97 ± 9.43 vs. 57.65 ± 9.48 index) and trait anxiety (54.21 ± 5.74 vs. 55.76 ± 6.41 index) with higher results in men. Sociodemographic variables impacted significant differences between female and male athletes and professionals of soccer clubs, and anxiety during the pandemic COVID-19 period impacted self-perceived performance analysis. The present results highlight the importance of cognitive behavior therapy for professional soccer teams.

Enjuagues bucales con carbohidratos y su efecto en el rendimiento de carreras contrarreloj: Revisión sistemática / Carbohydrate mouthwashes and their effect on running time trial performance: Systematic review

Resumen Introducción: Actualmente, los efectos del enjuague bucal con carbohidratos sobre el rendimiento son controvertidos, algunos estudios plantean efectos ergogénicos, mientras que otros no han reportado efecto luego de suministrar enjuague bucal con carbohidratos. Objetivo: Determinar si existe evidencia científica que avale los distintos protocolos de enjuagues bucales con carbohidratos y su efecto sobre el rendimiento deportivo en carreras de ciclismo contrarreloj. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica entre el 2015 y 2019 en las bases de datos Medline, Biblioteca Cochrane y Scopus utilizando los términos Carbohydrates, Mouth rinse y Athletic performance. Resultados: Se revisaron 96 estudios y se seleccionaron 7 en diversos grupos poblacionales, con diferentes métodos de evaluación y diversas dosis de enjuague con carbohidratos. Los resultados obtenidos fueron controversiales, en algunos casos se demostró efecto ergogénico y en otros no. Conclusiones: Los efectos de los enjuagues bucales con carbohidratos son controvertidos, por lo que no se puede asegurar que provoquen mejoras de rendimiento en carreras de ciclismo contrarreloj. Se requiere de más estudios aleatorizados controlados que logren homogeneizar e identificar los mecanismos de acción específicos mediante el cual los enjuagues bucales con carbohidratos actúan sobre distintas poblaciones de estudio.

Abstract Introduction: Currently, the effects of carbohydrate mouthwash use on sports performance are controversial. While some studies have shown ergogenic effects, others have not demonstrated any advantage. Objective: To determine whether there is scientific evidence to support the different protocols for carbohydrate mouthwashes use and their effect on sports performance in cycling races time trial. Materials and methods: A search of literature published between 2015 and 2019 was conducted in the Medline, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases using the terms Carbohydrates, Mouth rinses and Athletic performance. Results: 7 out of 96 reviewed studies were selected, which included different population groups, evaluation methods, and doses of rinsing carbohydrates. The results obtained on the impact of carbohydrate mouthwashes on sport performance were controversial as only some studies demonstrated an ergogenic effect. Conclusions: As the effects of carbohydrate mouthwashes are debatable, it cannot be assured that they improve performance in different cycling races time-trial. More randomized controlled studies are required to homogenize and identify the specific action mechanisms through which carbohydrate mouthwashes act on different study populations.

Relación entre la capacidad aeróbica y de salto como estrategia optimizadora del rendimiento atlético en corredores aficionados / Relação entre a capacidade aeróbica e de saltos como estratégia para otimizar o desempenho atlético dos corredores amadores / Relationship between aerobic capacity and jumping as strategy for optimizing athletic performance in amateur runners

Resumen Actualmente se han propuesto múltiples estrategias que logren garantizar mejores procesos de supercompensación al entrenamiento deportivo, no obstante, aún no existe un consenso debido al surgimiento de nuevos conocimientos relacionados a los procesos de interferencia relacionados a programas de entrenamiento concurrente y su impacto sobre la definición de estrategias para la planificación deportiva. Este trabajo se planteó como objetivo evaluar las variables de fuerza explosiva y su relación con la capacidad aeróbica como una herramienta para definir estrategias de planificación de deportiva. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo correlacional que constó con la participación seis corredores aficionados, valorados en su capacidad aeróbica y fuerza explosiva mediante la prueba de carrera de 2 km y los saltos squat jump (SJ), counter movement jump (CMJ) y horizontal a pies juntos (SH) respectivamente. La mayor correlación encontrada fue entre la capacidad aeróbica y el salto SJ (p<0,001), lo que demuestra que la capacidad aeróbica y la fuerza muscular son pilares fundamentales en el entrenamiento y planificación atlética, del mismo modo, la no existencia de una relación entre el SH y el salto vertical CMJ (p=0,121) permiten establecer la importancia practica de dar un énfasis al desarrollo de la capacidad aeróbica y fuerza especifica en plano de carrera horizontal como una estrategia optimizadora que responde al rendimiento deportivo en corredores aficionados.

Resumo Atualmente, foram propostas múltiplas estratégias para garantir melhores processos de sobre compensação na parte do treinamento esportivo, mas ainda não há consenso devido ao surgimento de novos conhecimentos relacionados com os processos de interferência relacionados com programas de treinamento simultâneos e seu impacto na definição de estratégias para o planejamento esportivo. O objectivo deste estudo foi avaliar as variáveis da força explosiva e a sua relação com a capacidade aeróbica como ferramenta para definir estratégias de planeamento desportivo. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo correlacional com a participação de seis corredores amadores, que foram avaliados quanto à sua capacidade aeróbica e resistência explosiva por meio do teste de corrida de 2 km e do Salto de Agachamento (SJ), Salto de Contramarcha (CMJ) e Salto Horizontal a Pés (SH), respetivamente. A maior correlação encontrada foi entre a capacidade aeróbica e o salto SJ (p<0,001), o que demonstra que a capacidade aeróbica e a força muscular são pilares fundamentais no treino e no planejamento atlético. Da mesma forma, a ausência de relação entre SH e CMJ salto vertical (p=0,121) permite estabelecer a importância prática de dar ênfase ao desenvolvimento da capacidade aeróbica e da força específica no plano de corrida horizontal como estratégia de otimização que responde ao desempenho desportivo dos corredores amadores.

Abstract Currently, multiple strategies have been proposed to guarantee better processes of super compensation for sports training, however, there is still no consensus due to the emergence of new knowledge related to interference processes related to concurrent training programs and their impact on the definition of strategies for sports planning. The objective of this work was to evaluate the explosive strength variables and their relationship with aerobic capacity as a tool to define sports planning strategies. A descriptive correlational study was carried out that included the participation of 6 amateur runners, valued in their aerobic capacity and explosive strength through the 2-kilometer running test and the Squat Jump (SJ), Counter Movement Jump (CMJ) and horizontal feet jump together (SH) respectively. The highest correlation found was between aerobic capacity and SJ jump (p <0.001), which shows that aerobic capacity and muscular strength are fundamental pillars in training and athletic planning, in the same way, the non-existence of a relationship between the SH and the CMJ vertical jump (p = 0.121) allow establishing the practical importance of giving an emphasis to the development of aerobic capacity and specific strength in the horizontal running plane as an optimizing strategy that responds to sports performance in amateur runners.

Circulating Interleukin-6 (but Not Other Immune Mediators) Associates with Criteria for Fried's Frailty among Very Old Adults.

METHODS: One hundred and sixty-one very old patients (aged ≥80 years) devoid of cognitive decline were eligible for analyses. Clinical and biochemical data along with physical and cognitive assessments encompassing dual-energy X-ray scans and hand dynamometry were adopted to investigate frailty criteria, while circulating immune mediators (IFNγ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and TNFα) were assessed using high-throughput flow cytometry. RESULTS: Preliminarily, IL-6 correlated positively with waist-to-hip ratio and C-reactive protein and negatively with glycemia. In analyses controlled for these factors, serum levels of IL-6 were comparatively augmented among the very old participants with reduced grip strength (OR = 3.299; 95% CI 1.08-6.09; p=0.032) and among those with slow walk speed (OR = 2.460; 95% CI 1.16-7.05; p=0.022). CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows a strong negative correlation of IL-6 levels with Fried's frailty components of grip strength and walk speed in very old adults, regardless of confounding factors.