Newborns from women infected with COVID-19: somatic and metabolic status.

To date, there are limited data regarding manifestations of new coronavirus infection in infants born of SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers, so the aim of this study is to investigate somatic and metabolic status of newborn infants born to mothers diagnosed with COVID-19. The investigation was carried out on the bases of Laboratory Diagnostic Department of Samara Regional Clinical Hospital named after V.D. Seredavin and the Department of Fundamental and Clinical Biochemistry with Laboratory Diagnostics of Samara State Medical University. Under observation were 85 newborns, including 35 born of healthy mothers and 50 born of COVID-19 mothers.The somatic status of all newborns was assessed using the Apgar scale at the 1st and 5th minutes after birth. Also all newborns had general and biochemical blood tests and newborns from mothers with COVID-19 were tested for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in oral and nasopharyngeal swabs. Thus, the study of somatic status revealed that of 50 neonates from women infected with COVID-19, only 18% were practically healthy, the rest had signs of prematurity, hypotrophy, perinatal CNS damage, diabetic fetopathy, pulmonary atelectasis, delayed intrauterine development, asphyxia. The metabolic state is characterised by decreased haemoglobin and platelets, increased concentration of total protein, including C-reactive protein, high transaminase activity, decreased sodium and chloride content. These parameters of general and biochemical blood tests can be considered as indicators for the evaluation of the condition of newborns from mothers with COVID-19.

[Characteristics of the metabolic status of children of the first year of life with protein-energy deficiency depending on the gestational age at birth.] / Характеристика метаболического статуса детей первого года жизни с белково-энергетической недостаточностью в зависимости от гестационного возраста при рождении.

Comparative analysis of energy-plastic exchange indicators in mature and premature children of the first year of life in the development of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) was carried out. Unidirectional changes are revealed, including an increase in creatinine, lactate and creatine phosphokinase activity levels, suggesting a n increasing muscle mass deficit against the background of glucose anaerobic oxidation activation. In preterm infants, glucose and triacylglicerine levels decrease, which reflects uncompensated insufficiency of energy substrates and, accordingly, ATP level. Multidirectional deviations in metabolism are pyruvate and ATP content: increase in full-term infants and decrease in preterm infants, that should be taken into account when monitoring condition of children with PEM. A significant decrease of pyruvic acid in preterm infants against the background of the levels of total protein, albumin, hemoglobin, and transferrin, not exceeding reference values, can obviously testify to the active use of this integral metabolite to maintain the fund of substituted amino acids. Development of this pathology in both mature and premature infants creates a pre-morbid background for iron deficiency anemia-diagnostic panel, which should be supplemented by calculation of transferrin saturation coefficient. Regardless of gestational age in childbirth during the formation of PEM, the lipid spectrum is rearranged according to atherogenic type: at normal values of total cholesterol, there is a significant increase in low and very low density lipoproteins with an increase in the atherogenicity coefficient. This singles out children with the pathology in question as a risk group for the development of the atherosclerotic process later, which justifies the recommendation to control the lipid profile in children of the first year of life.

[Biological value of Silybum marianum oil]. / Biologicheskaia tsennost' masla rastoropshi.

We are introduced the dates on an elemental compositional and physiochemical parameters of oil Silybum Marianum. In this assay we compare oil Silybum Varianum with the most widespread food oils. Presented perspectives of usage oil Silymum Marianym as the food and medical oil.

[Effect of biologically active components of natursil on the course of reparative processes in the gastrointestinal mucosa in experiments and in patients with stomach and duodenal ulcers]. / Vliianie biologicheski aktivnykh komponentov natursila na techenie reparativnykh protsessov v slizistoi obolochke zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta v éksperimente i u bol'nykh iazvennoi bolezn'iu zheludka i dvenadtsatiperstnoi.

The outcomes, obtained in experiment, testify about high reparative ability of a natursilum. Natursilum has growth efficiency of conventional treatment of an ulcer of a stomach and duodenal intestine patients both on end results, and on terms of an adhesion increases. Is rotined, that natursilum has more expressed antiulcerous effect, than oil of hippopheae. The transendoscopy spraying of an ulcerative defect has not advantages before application of a drug inside. The specificity of a natursilum structure determines character of effect on exchange processes.

[Chronic fatigue syndrome:objective criteria of metabolic defects]. / Sindrom khronicheskogo utomleniia: ob"ektivnye kriterii metabolicheskikh narushenii.

Multi-level system of defense mechanisms is studied in 206 normal subjects living in an ecologically unfavorable region and working at chemical plants. Control group consisted of 24 subjects living in en ecologically safe region. The content of total protein and albumin and its effective and binding capacity were decreased, while the content of medium molecular weight peptides increased in the blood of subjects exposed to technogenic environmental pollution. The detected shifts are regarded as a mechanism of development of chronic fatigue syndrome.

[Biologically active additive from milk thistle in the solution of public health problems]. / Biologicheski aktivnaia dobavka iz rastoropshi v reshenii problem ozdorovleniia naseleniia.

Influence of bioactive additions from natural vegetable raw materials--silybum marianum--in the content of bread products on health and metabolism was studied. It is shown bread products with silybum marianum to be effective medicine with general restorative influence, increasing internal protection resources, capacity for work and vital activity.

[Use of ofloxacin in the treatment of suppurative-inflammatory complications in surgery]. / Opyt primeneniia ofloksatsina v lechenii gnoino-vospalitel'nykh oslozhnenii v khirurgii.

Analysis of ofloxacin use in clinical surgery over the latest decade showed that despite its wide clinical application for the prevention and therapy of postoperative complications, this drug remains highly active for the majority of micro-organisms. Hence, a wide spectrum, high bactericidal activity of the drug, optimal pharmacokinetics, and a high bio-availability (95-100%) still recommend ofloxacin, a highly effective agent for the treatment of infectious complications of surgery.

[The pharmacokinetics of Kefzol in patients with acute pancreatitis when administered intravenously and endolymphatically]. / Farmakokinetika kefzola u bol'nykh ostrym pankreatitom pri vnutrivennom i éndolimfaticheskom vvedenii.

Pharmacokinetics was studied of kefsole administered by intravenous and endolymphatic routes to patients (n = 23) with acute pancreatitis. The studies made showed that intravenous route for the drug administration makes for a quicker entering of the antibiotic into the peritoneal exudate. Apart from these reasons, endolymphatic antibacterial therapy does not appear to avert the development of complications involving pus-formation/discharging in acute pancreatitis and does not seem to be essential in the complex of therapeutic measures to be applied for treating the above patients.

[New antiseptics and disinfectants in surgery (2)]. / Novye antiseptiki i dezinfektanty v khirurgii (soobshchenie 2).

Various forms of plivasept, an agent produced by Pliva (Croatia), were studied in the laboratory and clinic and found to be highly effective. For the prevention of intrahospital infections the use of 0.02% and 0.05% water solutions of plivasept without PAV is advisable as an antiseptec for inyracavitary administration, 0.05% water solution of plivasept for disinfection of surfaces and equipment, 0.5% alcohol plivasept solution for disinfection of instruments, a plivasept tincture for surgical treatment of the skin on the hands and the injection and operative fields, and foam-forming plivasept for hygienic treatment of the hands.

[Ten-year experience with the use of ofloxacin in reconstructive surgery]. / Desiatiletnii opyt primeneniia ofloksatsina v rekonstruktivnoi khirurgii.

The data on the use of ofloxacin in more than 300 surgical patients for the last 10 years were analyzed. The results showed that despite the wide clinical use of ofloxacin in the prophylaxis and treatment of postoperative complications the drug remained highly active against the predominating majority of microbes causing surgical infections. Therefore, the broad spectrum, high bactericidal activity and optimal pharmacokinetics with the high biovailability at the level of 95 to 100 per cent provided the use of ofloxacin as a highly efficient agent in the treatment of postoperative infectious complications in surgical inpatients.

[New antiseptics and disinfectants in surgery. I]. / Novye antiseptiki i dezinfektanty v khirurgii. (Soobshchenie I)

The efficacy of disinfectants and sterilizers made by Schulcke and Mayer (Germany), such as lysetol AF, gigasept FF, and TPH 5225 was studied in the laboratory and clinical settings. Their high activity was revealed when the agents were used in the clinical settings: lysetol for disinfection and presterilization cleansing of tools and medical equipment, gigasept FF for disinfection and sterilization of fine tools, endoscopic instruments in particular, TPH 5225 for disinfection of the surfaces of environmental objects under clinical conditions.

[The oxidative metabolic systems of the liver in exposure to maninil and obzidan]. / Sistemy okislitel'nogo metabolizma pecheni pri vozdeistvii maninila i obzidana.

The effects of maninile and obsidan and their combined action on metabolic processes were studied in a series of in vitro experiments. The metabolic processes serve as a prerequisite to energy supply and couple the anabolic and catabolic pathways of hepatic metabolism. The rate of aerobic and anaerobic oxidation of glucose was shown to decrease when maninile was in close contact with liver tissue. It is indicative of the indirect hypoglycemic action of maninile. There is evidence for the combined use of maninile and obsidan since it allows the balance of regulatory metabolites to be maintained. Also, metabolic changes became less if they were used in combination rather alone.

[Features of metabolism of the human myocardium during alcoholic intoxication]. / Osobennosti metabolizma miokarda cheloveka pri alkogol'noi intoksikatsii.

Systems of alcohol oxidation, malate-aspartate shunt, content of total and alpha-cholesterols in heart muscle and blood as well as morphometry of aorta were studied. The tissues investigated were obtained post mortem in lethal traumatic injury accompanied by increased content of ethanol in blood. The potentiating effect of alcoholization on atherogenesis was not found.

[Structure-activity features of malate dehydrogenase from human myocardium in atherosclerosis]. / Strukturno-funktsional'nye osobennosti malatdegidrogenazy iz miokarda cheloveka pri ateroskleroze.

A homogeneous preparation of malate dehydrogenase was obtained from human myocardium, the enzyme structure-functional properties were studied. Alterations in structure characteristics of the enzyme, increase in its hydrophobic moiety, decrease of the enzyme activity were observed during impairments in atherosclerosis. The alterations of the enzyme properties appear to be involved in deterioration of energy metabolism as well as they are related to activation of liposynthesis in atherosclerosis.

[Current approaches to the prevention of infectious complications in heart surgery]. / Sovremennye podkhody k profilaktike infektsionnykh oslozhnenii v kardiokhirurgii.

Due to changes of humoral immunity, patients with rheumatic heart disease present, even before the operation, a high-risk group with regard to the development of infectious complications. Contamination of intraoperative material was revealed in 61.7% of cases during the operation. Extracorporeal circulation increases the cefotaxime half-life period which is in direct proportional dependence of the period of time between the beginning of the administration of the agent and the beginning of extracorporeal circulation. Immunocorrection by means of myelopid in the early postoperative period accelerates restoration of cellular and humoral immunity, and reduces the frequency of pneumonia occurrence and suppuration of the postoperative wound. Therefore, the prevention of infectious complications after operations on an open heart should be complex and should include broad-spectrum antibiotics and immunocorrective therapy.

[Cefoperazone in a multi-profile surgical clinic]. / Tsefoperazone v mnogoprofil'noi khirurgicheskoi klinike.

The results of the clinical trials of cefoperazone (cefobid, Pfizer, USA), a 3rd generation cephalosporin, carried out at the Research Centre of Surgery are presented. The antibiotic was used to treat and prevent postoperative infections in 44 patients. Good and satisfactory results were observed in 43 out of the 44 patients (99.9 per cent). Antimicrobial activity of cefoperazone against 182 bacterial strains isolated from the patients was assayed and compared with that of other cephalosporins i.e. cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and ceftazidime. The cefoperazone pharmacokinetics was studied in the patients with normal renal functions after surgical operations on the organs of the chest and abdominal cavity. The antibiotic was shown useful in the monotherapy of mixed infections involving anaerobic pathogens.

[Changes in carbohydrate metabolism during experimental alcoholic liver disease]. / Narusheniia metabolizma uglevodov pri alkogol'nom porazhenii pecheni v éksperimente.

Decrease in activities of alcohol dehydrogenase and catalase, inhibition of mitochondrial glycerophosphate-, lactate-, malate-, succinate dehydrogenases as well as a decrease in the pool of oxidized nicotinamide coenzymes were observed in liver tissue of rabbits after per oral administration of 30% ethanol within two months. Ratios of substrates of tricarboxylic acid cycle were altered: concentrations of malate and oxaloacetate were decreased and content of alpha-ketoglutarate exceeded distinctly the normal level. Content of glucose, pyruvic and lactic acids were also decreased in liver tissue.