The Impact of Yoga on Inspiratory Muscle Performance in Veterans with COPD: A Pilot Study.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) causes respiratory muscle weakness that leads to disabling dyspnea and poor functional performance. Therapies are often geared to improve inspiratory muscle performance. Yoga has been shown to improve exercise capacity, quality of life, and some pulmonary function measures in COPD, but little research has examined the effects of yoga training on inspiratory muscle performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of yoga training on inspiratory muscle performance in military veterans using the Test of Incremental Respiratory Endurance (TIRE). A prospective pilot study examined a 6-week yoga training program consisting of asana (poses) and pranayama (controlled breathing). Subjects had baseline inspiratory muscle weakness. The TIRE measured inspiratory muscle performance via the PrO2 device, providing maximal inspiratory pressure, sustained maximal inspiratory pressure, and inspiratory duration. Secondary measures included 6-minute walk distance, St. George Respiratory Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and spirometry. Mean age and BMI of subjects were 67 ± 3.6 years and 20.7 ± 3.3, respectively. The majority of subjects had severe (28.7%) or very severe (57.1%) COPD. Statistically significant improve m e n t s were seen in maximal inspiratory pressure (39.0 ± 14.1 cmH2O to 56.4 ± 20.6 cmH2O) and sustained maximal inspiratory pressure (244.1 ± 100.6 PTU to 308.1 ± 121.2 PTU). No statistically significant improvements we re observed in 6-minute walk distance, St. George Respiratory Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, or spirometry. Yoga training has the potential in improve inspiratory muscle performance in veterans with severe to very severe COPD who present with inspiratory muscle weakness. This is of importance because improving inspira-tory muscle performance has been shown to improve COPD outcomes.

Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 is Associated with a Frequent Exacerbator Phenotype in COPD: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory airway disease punctuated by exacerbations (AECOPD). Subjects with frequent AECOPD, defined by having at least two exacerbations per year, experience accelerated loss of lung function, deterioration in quality of life and increase in mortality. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)23, a hormone associated with systemic inflammation and altered metabolism is elevated in COPD. However, associations between FGF23 and AECOPD are unknown. In this cross-sectional study, individuals with COPD were enrolled between June 2016 and December 2016. Plasma samples were analyzed for intact FGF23 levels. Logistic regression analyses were used to measure associations between clinical variables, FGF23, and the frequent exacerbator phenotype. Our results showed that FGF23 levels were higher in frequent exacerbators as compared to patients without frequent exacerbations. FGF23 was also independently associated with frequent exacerbations (OR 1.02; 95%CI 1.004-1.04; p = 0.017), after adjusting for age, lung function, smoking, and oxygen use. In summary, FGF23 was associated with the frequent exacerbator phenotype and correlated with number of exacerbations recorded retrospectively and prospectively. Further studies are needed to explore the role of FGF 23 as a possible biomarker for AECOPD to better understand the pathobiology of COPD and to help develop therapeutic targets.

Beyond inspiratory muscle strength: Clinical utility of single-breath work capacity assessment in veterans with COPD.

BACKGROUND: Inspiratory muscle function in COPD has been traditionally described in terms of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP). Arguably, however, is the day-to-day relevance of MIP, given that individuals rarely need maximal inspiratory forces to perform general tasks, but rather repeated breathing muscle contractions which demand endurance. The sustained maximal inspiratory pressure (SMIP) reflects the ability of the respiratory muscles to maintain force over time (i.e. single-breath work capacity). We investigated the relationships between SMIP and COPD-related clinical outcomes, hypothesizing that SMIP would have superior correlational and discriminatory value when compared to MIP. METHODS: 61 males with mild-to-very severe airflow obstruction underwent measures of spirometry, whole-body plethysmography, symptomatology, comorbidity, quality of life, exacerbations and mental health. MIP and SMIP were obtained via the Test of Incremental Respiratory Endurance. RESULTS: The mean ±â€¯SD MIP and SMIP were 77.2 ±â€¯22.9 cmH2O and 407.9 ±â€¯122.8 PTU. Both MIP and SMIP positively correlated with pulmonary function, with SMIP displaying the highest correlations. We found significant differences in spirometry, hyperinflation, symptomatology, exacerbation frequency, comorbidity, quality of life and anxiety in subjects grouped as having reduced or normal single-breath work capacity. Finally, significantly lower SMIP values were found in individuals with an IC/TLC ratio ≤25%. CONCLUSIONS: The assessment of SMIP appears to have superior clinical value than MIP in COPD. Our analyses revealed that subjects whose SMIP was reduced experienced more severe airflow obstruction, greater hyperinflation, as well as worse health and mental status with increased symptomatology and impaired quality of life.

Higher serum levels of systemic inflammatory markers are linked to greater inspiratory muscle dysfunction in COPD.

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with an inflammatory response that becomes more pronounced in acute exacerbations. Considerable attention has recently focused on the value of several inflammatory mediators in predicting worsening of COPD-related symptoms. Whereas respiratory muscle dysfunction is also widely present in this population, little is known about how systemic inflammation relates to inspiratory muscle dysfunction in COPD. METHODS: Fifty-three males with mild-to-very severe airflow obstruction underwent blood sampling for 23 inflammatory markers, including acute-phase proteins, cytokines and adipokines. Inspiratory muscle performance was assessed via the test of incremental respiratory endurance, providing measures of maximal (MIP) and sustained maximal (SMIP) inspiratory pressures. RESULTS: The mean ± SD MIP and SMIP were 75.32 ± 19.62 cmH2 O and 406.15 ± 124.55 PTU. MIP negatively correlated with CRP, SAA and cystatin C (r-values from -0.333 to -0.378, P < 0.02), while SMIP was inversely related to SAA and cystatin C (r = -0.534 and r = -0.396, P = 0.00). Significant differences in CRP, SAA, cystatin C and PARC were also found between subjects with and without inspiratory muscle weakness. No additional significant relationships were observed between either MIP or SMIP and other inflammatory markers in the study. CONCLUSIONS: MIP and SMIP are markedly reduced with greater degrees of inflammation in COPD as expressed by higher levels of CRP, SAA and cystatin C. Future research is needed to further examine the above findings and determine the impact of systemic inflammation along with its underlying mechanisms on inspiratory muscle function in COPD.

The BODE index and inspiratory muscle performance in COPD: Clinical findings and implications.

OBJECTIVES: The Test of Incremental Respiratory Endurance is a novel testing method that provides a unique examination of one's inspiratory muscle strength, work and endurance. Little is known about the relationship between inspiratory muscle performance and mortality risk in obstructive lung disease. We examined the relationship between the Test of Incremental Respiratory Endurance measures and the Body-mass index, airflow Obstruction, Dyspnea and Exercise index in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. METHODS: In all, 70 males with mild-to-very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (mean ± standard deviation of 70.2 ± 5.9 years) underwent measurements of body-mass index, spirometry, dyspnea and a 6-min walk test from which the Body-mass index, airflow Obstruction, Dyspnea and Exercise score was calculated. The Test of Incremental Respiratory Endurance provided measures of maximal inspiratory pressure, sustained maximal inspiratory pressure and inspiratory duration. RESULTS: All Test of Incremental Respiratory Endurance parameters inversely correlated with the Body-mass index, airflow Obstruction, Dyspnea and Exercise score: maximal inspiratory pressure (r = -0.355, p = 0.00), sustained maximal inspiratory pressure (r = -0.426, p = 0.00) and ID (r = -0.278, p = 0.02), with sustained maximal inspiratory pressure displaying the highest correlation. Independent significant correlations were also observed between the sustained maximal inspiratory pressure and all Body-mass index, airflow Obstruction, Dyspnea and Exercise score components, except for body-mass index. Finally, sustained maximal inspiratory pressure was significantly different among the Body-mass index, airflow Obstruction, Dyspnea and Exercise index quartiles. DISCUSSION: The significant association between the Body-mass index, airflow Obstruction, Dyspnea and Exercise score and inspiratory muscle performance, in particular sustained maximal inspiratory pressure, suggests that these measures may have a potential prognostic value in the evaluation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Reliability and validity of the test of incremental respiratory endurance measures of inspiratory muscle performance in COPD.

Purpose: The Test of Incremental Respiratory Endurance (TIRE) provides a comprehensive assessment of inspiratory muscle performance by measuring maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) over time. The integration of MIP over inspiratory duration (ID) provides the sustained maximal inspiratory pressure (SMIP). Evidence on the reliability and validity of these measurements in COPD is not currently available. Therefore, we assessed the reliability, responsiveness and construct validity of the TIRE measures of inspiratory muscle performance in subjects with COPD. Patients and methods: Test-retest reliability, known-groups and convergent validity assessments were implemented simultaneously in 81 male subjects with mild to very severe COPD. TIRE measures were obtained using the portable PrO2 device, following standard guidelines. Results: All TIRE measures were found to be highly reliable, with SMIP demonstrating the strongest test-retest reliability with a nearly perfect intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.99, while MIP and ID clustered closely together behind SMIP with ICC values of about 0.97. Our findings also demonstrated known-groups validity of all TIRE measures, with SMIP and ID yielding larger effect sizes when compared to MIP in distinguishing between subjects of different COPD status. Finally, our analyses confirmed convergent validity for both SMIP and ID, but not MIP. Conclusion: The TIRE measures of MIP, SMIP and ID have excellent test-retest reliability and demonstrated known-groups validity in subjects with COPD. SMIP and ID also demonstrated evidence of moderate convergent validity and appear to be more stable measures in this patient population than the traditional MIP.

Informação como instrumento da assistência ao paciente submetido a cirurgia ortopédica / Information as an instrument of care to patients undergoing orthopedic surgery / Información como instrumento de la asistencia al paciente sometido a cirugía ortopédica

Objetivo: identificar as informações recebidas pelos pacientes, relacionadas aos períodos perioperatório e alta hospitalar de Artroplastia Total de Quadril. Método: pesquisa observacional, tipo survey, realizada em três hospitais públicos no Rio de Janeiro em 2010, 2011, 2013 e 2015. Dados coletados com 113 indivíduos hospitalizados com indicação de cirurgia ortopédica, por entrevista, organizados em um quadro categorizando as informações pelos períodos perioperatórios e alta, e analisados utilizando estatística descritiva simples. Resultados: predominaram mulheres, idosos e a principal indicação foi fratura. Dezesseis informações foram mencionadas pelos pacientes: oito sobre pré-operatório, uma sobre transoperatório e sete sobre pós- operatório das quais somente quatro estavam relacionadas ao período após a alta. Conclusão: os resultados demonstram a insuficiência de informações sobre o perioperatório de cirurgia ortopédica para atender às necessidades dos pacientes e que o conhecimento deficiente do paciente e seu cuidador pode levar a complicações evitáveis e causar deterioração do estado de saúde (AU).

Objective: to identify the information obtained from patients who underwent Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA), related to the perioperative periods and after hospital discharge. Method: Observational study, of survey-type, conducted in three public hospitals in Rio de Janeiro in 2010, 2011, 2013 and 2015. Data collected through interviews with 113 patients admitted to hospital with indication for orthopedic surgery was organized into a table where the information was classified by perioperative periods and after discharge, and analyzed using simple descriptive statistics. Results: Prevalence of women, elderly and the main indication was fracture. Sixteen pieces of information were mentioned by the patients: eight on the preoperative period, one in the intraoperative period and seven on the postoperative period, of which only four were related to the post discharge period. Conclusion: According to the results, there is scarce information about the perioperative period of orthopedic surgery to meet the needs of patients and the poor knowledge of patients and caregivers about this period may lead to avoidable complications and cause deterioration of health status (AU).

Objetivo: identificar informaciones acerca de los periodos perioperatorio y alta hospitalaria de Artroplastia Total de Cuadril provenientes de los pacientes. Método: investigación observacional, del tipo survey, realizada en tres hospitales públicos en Rio de Janeiro en 2010, 2011, 2013 y 2015. Se obtuvieron los datos de 113 individuos hospitalizados con indicación de cirugía ortopédica, por medio de entrevista, organizados en un cuadro de informaciones por categorías de periodos perioperatorios y alta, y que fueron analizados utilizándose estadística descriptiva simple. Resultados: hubo predominancia de mujeres, ancianos y la principal indicación fue por fractura. Los pacientes mencionaron dieciséis informaciones: ocho acerca del preoperatorio, una sobre transoperatorio y siete sobre posoperatorio. De estas solamente cuatro estaban relacionadas al periodo después del alta. Conclusión: los resultados muestran la insuficiencia de informaciones sobre el perioperatorio de cirugía ortopédica para atender a las necesidades de los pacientes y que el conocimiento deficiente del paciente y de su cuidador pueden causar complicaciones evitables, además de empeorar el estado de salud (AU).

Síndrome comportamental relacionada ao posicionamento cirúrgico: um inimigo silencioso / Compartment syndrome related to surgical positioning: a silent enemy

Objetivo: Relacionar a evolução da Síndrome Compartimental com o posicionamento cirúrgico, a partir a discussão da fisiopatologia, apresentação dos posicionamentos de risco e mecanismos de prevenção, controle e intervenção. Método: Revisão sistemática de artigos encontrados por meio de busca nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e PubMed. Resultados: O posicionamentocirúrgico se relaciona com o desenvolvimento da Sídrome Comportamental principalmente pelo comprometimento do fluxo sanguíneo a determinadas áreas. A identificação dos sinais e sintomas é geralmente realizada pela enfermagem e pode influenciar o resultado, se a intervenção for implementada precocemente. ...

A informação como instrumento da assistência em artroplastia total de quadril: um estudo de enfermagem traumato-ortopédica / The degree of importance given by patients in perioperative period of Total Hip Arthroplasty

A Artroplastia Total de Quadril (ATQ) é uma cirurgia de substituição da articulação do quadril e é um tratamento eficaz para doenças degenerativas articulares e fraturas nessa região e tem como objetivo primordial, restabelecer a função coxofemural e melhorar a qualidade de vida. Esta pesquisa tem como objeto a informação como parte da assistência, recebida ou não, pelo paciente no período pré, intra e pós-operatório de Artroplastia Total de Quadril. Os objetivos deste estudo são: identificar as informações recebidas e não recebidas, pelo paciente, relacionadas ao período pré, intra e pós-operatório de Artroplastia Total de Quadril e classificar essas informações quanto ao grau de importância atribuído pelos pacientes no período perioperatório de Artroplastia Total de Quadril. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem quantitativa, transversal e do tipo Survey. Os dados para esta pesquisa foram coletados em três hospitais de esferas diferentes de governo: um hospital federal (HF), um hospital estadual (HE) e um hospital municipal (HM), no período de outubro de 2010 a outubro de 2011, com o intuito de identificar os pacientes submetidos ou a se submeterem à Artroplastia Total de Quadril. Dos 73 pacientes que participaram desta pesquisa, 24 eram do hospital federal, 7 do hospital estadual e 42 do hospital municipal. Desses, 43 (69%) encontravam-se no período pré-operatório e 30 (41%) no período pós-operatório. Com relação ao sexo dos pacientes que participaram desta pesquisa, 43 eram do sexo feminino (59%) e 30 eram do sexo masculino (41%), mostrando uma prevalência de mulheres com indicação para a cirurgia de ATQ. A idade dos pacientes variou de 29 a 92 anos. A maior frequência dos pacientes do sexo feminino estava na faixa de 50 a 89 anos de idade (88,3%) e do sexo masculino, entre 40 e 89 anos (96,7%).Com relação à causa de indicação para a Artroplastia Total de Quadril, os dados desta pesquisa apontam: fratura, necrose avascular, coxortrose, infecção e revisão...