Epigenetics of hypertension as a risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Hypertension, a multifaceted cardiovascular disorder influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors, poses a significant risk for the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Epigenetic alterations, particularly in histone modifications, DNA methylation, and microRNAs, play a pivotal role in unraveling the complex molecular underpinnings of blood pressure regulation. This review emphasizes the crucial interplay between epigenetic attributes and hypertension, shedding light on the prominence of DNA methylation, both globally and at the gene-specific level, in essential hypertension. Additionally, histone modifications, including acetylation and methylation, emerge as essential epigenetic markers linked to hypertension. Furthermore, microRNAs exert regulatory influence on blood pressure homeostasis, targeting key genes within the aldosterone and renin-angiotensin pathways. Understanding the intricate crosstalk between genetics and epigenetics in hypertension is particularly pertinent in the context of its interaction with T2DM, where hypertension serves as a notable risk factor for the development of CAD. These findings not only contribute to the comprehensive elucidation of essential hypertension but also offer promising avenues for innovative strategies in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular complications, especially in the context of T2DM.

Genetic markers of cardiac autonomic neuropathy in the Kazakh population.

BACKGROUND: Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) that increases the risk of morbidity and mortality by disrupting cardiac innervation. Recent evidence suggests that CAN may manifest even before the onset of DM, with prediabetes and metabolic syndrome potentially serving as precursors. This study aims to identify genetic markers associated with CAN development in the Kazakh population by investigating the SNPs of specific genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case-control study involved 82 patients with CAN (cases) and 100 patients without CAN (controls). A total of 182 individuals of Kazakh nationality were enrolled from a hospital affiliated with the RSE "Medical Center Hospital of the President's Affairs Administration of the Republic of Kazakhstan". 7 SNPs of genes FTO, PPARG, SNCA, XRCC1, FLACC1/CASP8 were studied. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square methods, calculation of odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), and logistic regression in SPSS 26.0. RESULTS: Among the SNCA gene polymorphisms, rs2737029 was significantly associated with CAN, almost doubling the risk of CAN (OR 2.03(1.09-3.77), p = 0.03). However, no statistically significant association with CAN was detected with the rs2736990 of the SNCA gene (OR 1.00 CI (0.63-1.59), p = 0.99). rs12149832 of the FTO gene increased the risk of CAN threefold (OR 3.22(1.04-9.95), p = 0.04), while rs1801282 of the PPARG gene and rs13016963 of the FLACC1 gene increased the risk twofold (OR 2.56(1.19-5.49), p = 0.02) and (OR 2.34(1.00-5.46), p = 0.05) respectively. rs1108775 and rs1799782 of the XRCC1 gene were associated with reduced chances of developing CAN both before and after adjustment (OR 0.24, CI (0.09-0.68), p = 0.007, and OR 0.43, CI (0.22-0.84), p = 0.02, respectively). CONCLUSION: The study suggests that rs2737029 (SNCA gene), rs12149832 (FTO gene), rs1801282 (PPARG gene), and rs13016963 (FLACC1 gene) may be predisposing factors for CAN development. Additionally, SNPs rs1108775 and rs1799782 (XRCC1 gene) may confer resistance to CAN. Only one polymorphism rs2736990 of the SNCA gene was not associated with CAN.

A Bibliometric Analysis of Study of Associations of Certain Genotypes with the Cardiovascular Form of Diabetic Neuropathy.

This bibliometric analysis explores the landscape of research on the associations between specific genotypes and the cardiovascular form of diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major contributor to premature mortality, primarily due to increased susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases. The global prevalence of DM is rising, with projections indicating further increases. Diabetic neuropathy, a complication of DM, includes the cardiovascular subtype, posing challenges in diagnosis and management. Understanding the genetic basis of cardiovascular diabetic neuropathy is crucial for targeted therapeutic interventions. The study utilizes bibliometric analysis to synthesize existing literature, identify trends, and guide future research. The Scopus database was searched, applying inclusion criteria for English articles related to genotypes and cardiovascular diabetic neuropathy. The analysis reveals a dynamic field with a notable impact, collaborative efforts, and multidimensional aspects. Publication trends over 1997-2023 demonstrate fluctuating research intensity. Top journals, authors, and affiliations are highlighted, emphasizing global contributions. Keyword analysis reveals thematic trends, and citation analysis identifies influential documents. Limitations include database biases, incomplete metadata, and search query specificity. The urgent need to explore genetic factors in cardiovascular diabetic neuropathy aligns with the increasing global diabetes burden. This analysis provides a comprehensive overview, contributing to the broader discourse on diabetic neuropathy research.

Genetic and epigenetic factors of arterial hypertension: a bibliometric- and in-silico-based analyses.

Introduction: Arterial hypertension (AH) is a pervasive global health concern with multifaceted origins encompassing both genetic and environmental components. Previous research has firmly established the association between AH and diverse genetic factors. Consequently, scientists have conducted extensive genetic investigations in recent years to unravel the intricate pathophysiology of AH. Methods: In this study, we conducted a comprehensive bibliometric analysis employing VOSviewer software to identify the most noteworthy genetic factors that have been the focal point of numerous investigations within the AH field in recent years. Our analysis revealed genes and microRNAs intricately linked to AH, underscoring their pivotal roles in this condition. Additionally, we performed molecular docking analyses to ascertain microRNAs with the highest binding affinity to these identified genes. Furthermore, we constructed a network to elucidate the in-silico-based functional interactions between the identified microRNAs and genes, shedding light on their potential roles in AH pathogenesis. Results: Notably, this pioneering in silico examination of genetic factors associated with AH promises novel insights into our understanding of this complex condition. Our findings prominently highlight miR-7110-5p, miR-7110-3p, miR-663, miR-328-3p, and miR-140-5p as microRNAs exhibiting a remarkable affinity for target genes. These microRNAs hold promise as valuable diagnostic and therapeutic factors, offering new avenues for the diagnosis and treatment of AH in the foreseeable future. Conclusion: In summary, this research underscores the critical importance of genetic factors in AH and, through in silico analyses, identifies specific microRNAs with significant potential for further investigation and clinical applications in AH management.

Evolution of the search for a common mechanism of congenital risk of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the chromosomal locus 9p21.3.

9.21.3 chromosomal locus predisposes to coronary heart disease (CHD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), but their overall pathological mechanism and clinical applicability remain unclear. The review uses publications of the study results of 9.21.3 chromosomal locus in association with CHD and DM2, which are important for changing the focus of clinical practice. The eligibility criteria are full-text articles published in the PubMed database (MEDLINE) up to December 31, 2022. A total of 56 publications were found that met the inclusion criteria. Using the examples of the progressive stages in understanding the role of the chromosomal locus 9p.21.3, scientific ideas were grouped, from a fragmentary study of independent pathological processes to a systematic study of the overall development of CHD and DM2. The presented review can become a source of new scientific hypotheses for further studies, the results of which can determine the general mechanism of the congenital risk of CHD and DM2 and change the focus of clinical practice.

Polymorphic genetic markers and how they are associated with clinical and metabolic indicators of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Kazakh population.

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a serious public health problem worldwide. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship of eight polymorphic gene variants with the development of clinical-metabolic rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus inside Kazakh population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 139 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 100 patients in the control group were examined. Genotyping of polymorphisms of candidate genes was carried out on a next generation QuantStudio 12 K Flex unit. RESULTS: Gene TCF7L2 locus rs7901695 and rs7903146, gene KCNQ1 locus rs2237892, rs7756992, and gene CDKAL1 locus rs7754840 demonstrated statistically significant associations with glucose metabolism, lipid profile and body mass index (BMI) in type 2 DM inside the population. Statistically significant difference in anthropometric and biochemical measures of rs17584499, rs4712523 and rs163184 has not been revealed. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic polymorphisms that influence pancreatic gland beta-cells insulin release and secretion associate with metabolic and anthropometric measures definitive for type 2 DM in Kazakh population.

Association of 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms of the eighth chromosome with remodeling of the myocardium and carotid arteries in the Kazakh population.

ABSTRACT: Cardiovascular diseases are one of the key health issues in Kazakhstan. According to the WHO, the prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH) was 28% in males and 25% in females in 2015, which puts up vastly to premature mortality from non-communicable diseases.The search for genetic features of target organ lesions processes in AH is relevant. The goal of this study was to search for the genetic markers of myocardial remodeling (MR) and carotid artery remodeling (CAR).A total of 866 hypertensive individuals were recruited in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan. Their blood was genotyped for 9 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the eighth chromosome to find an association with remodeling. The analysis was carried out in the group pairs (control and CAR, control and MR, and control and CAR and MR). The genotype-phenotype association was assessed using 5 different inheritance models: dominant, codominant, recessive, overdominant, and log-additive.Statistically significant results were found for 3 SNPs (rs2407103, rs11775334, rs2071518) which minor alleles enlarged risks of MR and CAR in AH in the studied population. Three polymorphisms have previously been associated with АН and some other traits like pulse pressure and blood glucose in other ethnic populations: rs2407103 - in Afro-American population, rs11775334 - in the European population, rs2071518 is well studied in various ethnic populations (European, South Asian, Afro-American, Hispanic, East Asian).