Deoxynivalenol and T-2 toxin cause liver damage and egg quality degradation through endoplasmic reticulum stress in summer laying hens.

The present study aimed to find whether low doses of mixed mycotoxins would affect egg quality in laying hens, and to explore the oxidative stress induced liver damage through endoplasmic reticulum during summer stress. A total of 96 Jinghong laying hens, 36 wks of age, were divided into four treatments, with eight repetitions per treatment and three hens per repetition. All the hens were raised in summer (average temperature: 31.3 ± 0.5℃; average humidity: 85.5 ± 0.2%) for 28d. One treatment was fed a basal diet as control (CON), and the other three treatments were fed the same diets containing 3.0 mg/kg deoxynivalenol (DON), 0.5 mg/kg T-2 toxin (T-2), and 1.5 mg/kg DON + 0.25 mg/kg T-2 toxin (Mix). Albumen height and Haugh unit were decreased (P < 0.05) in the Mix group on day 14 and 28. The activity of total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase were decreased (P < 0.05) in the DON, T-2, and Mix groups. The alkaline phosphatase level in DON, T-2, and Mix groups was significantly increased (P < 0.05). The level of interleukin-1ß, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the Mix group were higher (P < 0.05) than CON, DON, and T-2 groups. Mix group upregulated the mRNA expressions of protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase, activating transcription factor4, IL-1ß, nuclear factor-κ-gene binding, and nuclear respiratory factor 2 in the liver (P < 0.05). The results showed that low doses of DON and T-2 toxin could cause oxidative stress in the liver, but DON and T-2 toxin have a cumulative effect on virulence, which can reduce egg quality and cause endoplasmic reticulum stress in the liver.

Clinical, Radiographic, and MRI Evaluation of All-Inside Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Repair via Suture Fixation to the Posterior Cruciate Ligament Versus Partial Meniscectomy: Results at 3-Year Follow-up.

Background: Medial meniscus posterior root tears (MMPRTs) disrupt the integrity and hoop tension of the meniscus, leading to cartilage degeneration and accelerated osteoarthritis (OA) progression. The management of patients with MMPRT is controversial, and the efficacy of different treatment options is unclear. Purpose: To compare the clinical, radiographic, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes of patients with MMPRT between trans-posterior cruciate ligament (trans-PCL) all-inside repair and partial meniscectomy. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We identified patients with MMPRT who underwent trans-PCL all-inside repair (group AR) or partial meniscectomy (group PM) between 2015 and 2019 at a single institution. The trans-PCL all-inside repair was performed by suturing the torn meniscus root to the PCL fibers. Patient-reported outcomes as well as radiographic and MRI outcomes were collected at baseline and final follow-up. Clinical failure was defined as conversion to total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to investigate the survival rates of patients with different surgical procedures. Results: Included were 29 patients in group AR and 31 patients in group PM (mean age, 62.69 and 60.68 years, respectively; mean follow-up, 2.91 ± 1.33 and 3.45 ± 1.50 years, respectively). There were no differences in baseline patient characteristics between the groups. All patient-reported outcome scores improved significantly in both groups at the final follow-up. When we compared final outcomes between the groups, group AR had less joint space narrowing (P = .010), less Kellgren-Lawrence OA grade progression (P = .002), and less medial meniscal extrusion (MME; P = .002) than group PM. In addition, group AR showed less progression of bone marrow lesions and cartilage lesions (P < .05) than group PM. The rate of conversion to TKA was 6.90% in group AR and 29.0% in group PM. The 5-year survival rates in the AR and PM groups were 82.6% and 59.8%, respectively (P = .153). Conclusion: Trans-PCL all-inside repair for MMPRTs was associated with greater improvement in clinical function, better radiographic results, less MME and cartilage degeneration, and a lower rate of subsequent TKA compared with partial meniscectomy.

Evaluation of 60Co Irradiation on Volatile Components of Turmeric (Curcumae Longae Rhizoma) Volatile Oil with GC-IMS.

60Co irradiation is an efficient and rapid sterilization method. The aim of this work is to determine the changes in essential-oil composition under different irradiation intensities of 60Co and to select an appropriate irradiation dose with GC-IMS. Dosages of 0, 5, and 10 kGy of 60Co were used to analyze turmeric (Curcumae Longae Rhizoma) volatile oil after 60Co irradiation (named JH-1, JH-2, and JH-3). The odor fingerprints of volatile organic compounds in different turmeric volatile oil samples were constructed by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) after irradiation. The differences in odor fingerprints of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were compared by principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that 97 volatile components were detected in the volatile oil of Curcuma longa, and 64 components were identified by database retrieval. With the change in irradiation intensity, the volatile compounds in the three turmeric volatile oil samples were similar, but the peak intensity was significantly different, which was attributed to the change in compound composition and content caused by different irradiation doses. In addition, the principal component analysis showed that JH-2 and JH-3 were relatively correlated, while JH-1 and JH-3 were far from each other. In general, different doses of 60Co irradiation can affect the content of volatile substances in turmeric volatile oil. With the increase in irradiation dose, the peak area decreased, and so the irradiation dose of 5 kGy/min was better. It is shown that irradiation technology has good application prospects in the sterilization of foods with volatile components. However, we must pay attention to the changes in radiation dose and chemical composition.

Analysis of the Effectiveness of Transradial Access Puncture in the Application of Complications and Comfort after Cerebral Angiography.

Objective: To investigate the analysis of the effectiveness of transradial access puncture in the application of complications and comfort after cerebral angiography. Methods: Retrospectively analyzed 80 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were randomly divided into the control group (femoral artery group n = 40) and test group (radial artery group n = 40) using a random number table from January 2021 to January 2022 admitted to the department of neurology and department of vascular interventions in our hospital and compared the incidence of postoperative puncture site bleeding, time to first postoperative urination, and incidence of postoperative urinary retention and postoperative changes in comfort level. Results: There was 1 case of postoperative puncture site bleeding in the test group and 6 cases of postoperative puncture site bleeding in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05); the time to first urination in the test group (62.47) was significantly better than that in the control group (85.97), with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05); there were 0 cases of urinary retention in the test group and 6 cases in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). The GCQ scores of patients in the test group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Transradial access puncture has a good clinical effect and can effectively reduce the complication rate of patients, which is worth promoting.

Trans-Posterior Cruciate Ligament All-Inside Root Repair Versus Partial Meniscectomy for Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Tears: Comparison of Semiquantitative and Quantitative MRI Outcomes in Cartilage Degeneration and Osteoarthritic Progression.

OBJECTIVE: To perform conventional, morphological, and T2 mapping compositional MRI imaging to assess the cartilage degeneration and osteoarthritic progression in patients with medial meniscus posterior root tears (MMPRTs) who underwent trans-posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) all-inside repair or partial meniscectomy. DESIGN: Patients with MMPRTs after trans-PCL all-inside repair (group AR) or partial meniscectomy (group PM) between 2015 and 2018 were retrospectively identified. Preoperative and postoperative conventional MRI were collected to assess medial meniscus extrusion (MME) and the whole-organ magnetic resonance imaging score (WORMS). Postoperative morphological MRI and T2 mapping compositional MRI were collected to evaluate the quantitative cartilage thickness/volume and cartilage composition. RESULTS: The final cohort consisted of 21 patients in group AR and 22 patients in group PM, with no differences in demographic data and baseline patient characteristics between the 2 groups. Group AR demonstrated less progression of articular cartilage wear (P < 0.05) and decreased meniscal extrusion (P = 0.008) than group PM at the final follow-up. In addition, group AR demonstrated less extracellular matrix degeneration in the cartilage subregion of the medial compartment (P < 0.05) than group PM with lower T2 relaxation times in the superficial layer of the articular cartilage. CONCLUSION: Trans-PCL all-inside repair of MMPRTs could delay the initial cartilage deterioration and morphological cartilage degeneration compared with partial meniscectomy. However, the amount of residual meniscal extrusion is clinically important, and an improved root repair fixation method should be investigated.

Deltonin Ameliorates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Correlation with Modulation of Autophagy and Inflammation.

INTRODUCTION: Deltonin, an active component extracted from Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H. WRIGHT, was widely utilized in traditional Chinese medicines. It has been shown to have anti-cancer functions such as colon cancer, breast cancer, and head and neck squamous carcinoma. Herein, we will investigate the role of deltonin in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injuries. METHODS: Ly294002 and anisomycin were used as inhibitors to monitor the effects of deltonin. Middle cerebral artery occlusion I/R model was constructed. Infarct volumes, neurological deficits and brain water contents were evaluated under different conditions. Rotarod test, ELISA, and Western blotting were carried to investigate the effects in vitro. RESULTS: We found that deltonin in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) rats greatly enhanced brain damages as well as neurological functions through up-regulating p-Akt and p-mTOR as well as inhibiting the expressions of LC3-II/LC3-I, Beclin-1, IL-1, TLR4, and p-p38. Deltonin exerted neuroprotection effect through relieving autophagy activity by regulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. Deltonin suppressed inflammation reactions through modulation TLR4/p38/MAPK signaling as well. CONCLUSION: Overall, our data suggested that deltonin could suppress ischemic brain injury by regulating autophagy and inflammation during I/R. Deltonin can be a potential therapeutic method for patient with I/R.