Two doses of fosaprepitant included prophylactic treatment for the three-day cisplatin-based chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting.

PURPOSE: Neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists included prophylactic treatment was recommended for patients who receive one-day cisplatin chemotherapy. It is unclear whether the prolonged administration of fosaprepitant is effective for three-day cisplatin-based chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). We aim to explore the prophylactic antiemetic efficacy and safety of two doses of fosaprepitant included regimen in the patients receiving multiple-day cisplatin chemotherapy. METHODS: This randomized, parallel-group, open-labelled study was conducted in nine hospitals between February 2021 and February 2023. Patients diagnosed as lung cancer and chemotherapy naive were screened. Eligible participants were scheduled to be treated with highly emetogenic chemotherapy regimen which including three days of cisplatin. Then they were randomly divided into the experimental group (two doses of fosaprepitant, Group 2DF) and the control group (one dose of fosaprepitant, Group C). The primary endpoints included the safety and the average none CINV days (NCDs). This study was registered on the website of chictr.org.cn, number ChiCTR2100042665. RESULTS: Overall, 204 participants were randomly assigned, and 198 patients were analyzed. No statistical difference in adverse events was found between the two groups. All treatment-related adverse effects for fosaprepitant observed were of grade 1-2. The average NCDs of Group 2DF was significantly more than Group C (18.21 ± 3.40 days vs 16.14 ± 5.20 days, P = 0.001). Furthermore, the better life function score was achieved in Group 2DF according to FLIE questionnaire. CONCLUSION: The administration of two-dose fosaprepitant was safe and more effective than one dose in protecting patients from CINV induced by three-day cisplatin included chemotherapy.

Evaluating Oral Probiotic Supplements as Complementary Treatment in Advanced Lung Cancer Patients Receiving ICIs: A Prospective Real-World Study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of oral probiotic supplements in patients undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for the treatment of advanced lung cancer. METHODS: This prospective real-world study enrolled patients with advanced lung cancer who were receiving ICIs as part of their treatment. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group OPS received oral probiotic supplements along with ICIs, while Group C did not. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). The secondary outcome measure was the objective response rate (ORR). RESULTS: A total of 253 patients were included in the study, with 71 patients in Group OPS and 182 patients in the control group (Group C). No significant differences were observed in the median PFS between the 2 groups for all patients. However, for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients, the median PFS was significantly better in the Group OPS compared to the Group C (11.1 months vs 7.0 months, P = .049). No significant differences were observed in median PFS for the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cohort between the 2 groups, but a trend towards better median PFS in Group OPS was noticed (16.5 months vs 12.3 months, P = .56). The ORR for the entire cohort was 58.0%. CONCLUSION: Oral probiotics supplements in combination with ICIs included regimen may improve the outcome in patients with advanced SCLC. The above points should be proved by further study.

This study examined whether the addition of oral probiotic supplements to ICIs could enhance the treatment of advanced lung cancer. A total of 253 patients with advanced lung cancer were involved in the study, with some receiving probiotics in combination with ICIs and others not. The findings revealed that patients with SCLC who took probiotics had significantly better PFS compared to those who did not. Additionally, there was a tendency towards enhanced PFS in NSCLC patients who received probiotics. In conclusion, the study indicates that incorporating oral probiotics with ICIs may lead to better outcomes for patients with advanced SCLC, although further research is necessary to validate these results.This real world study explores whether oral probiotic supplements along with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can help treat advanced lung cancer. The study included 253 patients with advanced lung cancer receiving ICIs treatment, part of them taking probiotics along with ICIs. The results showed that patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) who took probiotics had better progression-free survival (PFS) compared to those who didn't. There was also a trend towards better PFS in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who took probiotics. Overall, the study suggests that taking oral probiotics along with ICIs may improve outcomes for patients with advanced SCLC, but more research is needed to confirm these findings.

Effects of multi-frequency ultrasonic assisted sodium hypochlorite on the cleaning effect and quality of fresh-cut scallion stems.

This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of multi-frequency ultrasound-assisted sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) on fresh-cut scallion stem (FCS) cleaning. Ultrasonic cleaning parameters (frequency mode, frequency amplitude, and the sample to water ratios) were optimized against cleanliness and microbial biomass as evaluation indexes. Under the optimum conditions, the free chlorine residues and quality attributes of FCS were also investigated. The results showed that the cleanliness of FCS improved significantly (p < 0.05) and the total number of microorganisms, especially Escherichia coli, decreased dramatically under the optimized cleaning condition with the simultaneous ultrasound (US) at the sweep frequency (SF) combination of 20 + 28 kHz, the ultrasonic density of 60 W/L, pulse time of 10 s, which indicated that the shelf life of FCS would be extended. Compared to FCS after the 250 ppm NaClO cleaning, the retention of ascorbic acid (AA), color, and texture structure of FCS had no significant difference after ultrasound-assisted NaClO treatment. Meanwhile, the content of allicin increased by 52.5% under ultrasound-assisted cleaning. The integration of US into the cleaning process resulted in a notably reduction of 68% in NaClO concentration, as well as the weight loss and respiration rate (RR) of the scallion stems. Therefore, ultrasound-assisted NaClO cleaning was regarded as a promising and effective approach for cleaning fresh-cut vegetables.

Screening of core genes and prediction of ceRNA regulation mechanism of circRNAs in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by bioinformatics analysis.

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) represents a highly aggressive malignant tumor. Competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) regulation is a common regulatory mechanism in tumors. The ceRNA network links the functions between mRNAs and ncRNAs, thus playing an important regulatory role in diseases. This study screened the potential key genes in NPC and predicted regulatory mechanisms using bioinformatics analysis. Methods: The merged microarray data of three NPC-related mRNA expression microarrays from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and the expression data of tumor samples or normal samples from the nasopharynx and tonsil in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were both subjected to differential analysis and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA). The results from two different databases were intersected with WGCNA results to obtain potential regulatory genes in NPC, followed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analyses. The hub-gene in candidate genes was discerned through Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) analysis and its upstream regulatory mechanism was predicted by miRwalk and circbank databases. Results: Totally 68 upregulated genes and 96 downregulated genes in NPC were screened through GEO and TCGA. According to WGCNA, the NPC-related modules were screened from GEO and TCGA analysis results, and the genes in the modules were obtained. After the results of differential analysis and WGCNA were intersected, 74 differentially expressed candidate genes associated with NPC were discerned. Finally, fibronectin 1 (FN1) was identified as a hub-gene in NPC. Prediction of upstream regulatory mechanisms of FN1 suggested that FN1 may be regulated by ceRNA mechanisms involving multiple circRNAs, thereby influencing NPC progression through ceRNA regulation. Conclusion: FN1 is identified as a key regulator in NPC development and is likely to be regulated by numerous circRNA-mediated ceRNA mechanisms.

Ultrasound-assisted limited enzymatic hydrolysis of high concentrated soy protein isolate: Alterations on the functional properties and its relation with hydrophobicity and molecular weight.

The effects of power ultrasound (US) pretreatment on the preparation of soy protein isolate hydrolysate (SPIH) prepared at the same degree of hydrolysis (DH) of 12 % were measured. Cylindrical power ultrasound was modified into mono-frequency (20, 28, 35, 40, 50 kHz) ultrasonic cup coupled with an agitator to make it applicable for high density SPI (soy protein isolate) solutions (14 %, w/v). A comparative study of the alterations of the hydrolysates molecular weight, hydrophobics, antioxidants and functional properties change as well as their relation were explored. The results showed that under the same DH, ultrasound pretreatment decelerated the degradation of protein molecular mass and the decrease rate of the degradation lessened with the increase of ultrasonic frequency. Meanwhile, the pretreatments improved the hydrophobics and antioxidants properties of SPIH. Both surface hydrophobicity (H0) and relative hydrophobicity (RH) of the pretreated groups increased with the decrease of ultrasonic frequency. Lowest frequency (20 kHz) ultrasound pretreatment had the most improved emulsifying properties and water holding capacities, although decrease in the viscosity and solubility were found. Most of these alterations were correspondence toward the change in hydrophobics properties and molecular mass. In conclusion, the frequency selection of ultrasound pretreatment is essential for the alteration of SPIH functional qualities prepared at the same DH.

Using a combination of fruquintinib, raltitrexed, and S-1 as a third-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer with co-existence of Hodgkin lymphoma: a case report.

Background: Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) beyond second line treatment have a poor prognosis. Fruquintinib, regorafenib, trifluridine/tipiracil (TAS-102), panitumumab and cetuximab combined with single-agent chemotherapy regimens are currently recommended as third-line therapies for patients exhibiting disease progression. Effective late-line therapies for mCRC are urgently needed. The FRESCO randomized clinical trial (RCT) prompts fruquintinib as a third-line treatment in advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). A phase II study in our center reported the efficacy and safety of S-1 plus raltitrexed for the treatment of chemo-refractory mCRC. The combination of the fruquintinib, raltitrexed, and S-1 has not been reported in mCRC. Case Description: This case report presents a patient with mCRC who received third-line treatment with fruquintinib, raltitrexed, and S-1. A 54-year-old male presenting with hematochezia was admitted to West China Hospital of Sichuan University in June 2017 and underwent surgery for a tumor between the rectum and sigmoid colon. Postoperative pathology identified adenocarcinoma (wild-type RAS/RAF, no PIK3CA mutation), and the patient was diagnosed with mCRC (pathological stage, pT3pN1apM0). The mFOLFOX6 regimen was administered. The patient was subsequently diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma in May 2018 and treated with the ABVD regimen after multidisciplinary discussions. Liver metastases (intestinal-type adenocarcinoma) were detected in November 2018, and second-line therapy with the FOLFIRI regimen was initiated in January 2019. Lung metastases were identified in September 2019, so the patient was treated with a combination of raltitrexed, S-1, and fruquintinib. A partial response (PR) was detected in November 2019, and the patient underwent resection of the hepatic lesion on November 5, 2020. Computed tomography (CT) images in November 2021 revealed a stable disease; thus, raltitrexed was discontinued, and S-1 and fruquintinib were maintained. The treatment is still responding until the last follow-up (December 2022). Conclusions: The case was characterized by the simultaneous existence of mCRC and Hodgkin lymphoma, which required management by a multidisciplinary team. Third-line therapy with fruquintinib, raltitrexed, and S-1 achieved a PR that permitted surgical resection and enabled a relatively long progression-free survival. The findings suggest that the three agents regimen might be clinically effective as late-line therapy for mCRC.

Identification of the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network associated with radiosensitivity in esophageal cancer based on integrative analysis of the TCGA and GEO data.

BACKGROUND: The current study set out to identify the miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks that influence the radiosensitivity in esophageal cancer based on the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. METHODS: Firstly, esophageal cancer-related miRNA-seq and mRNA-seq data were retrieved from the TCGA database, and the mRNA dataset of esophageal cancer radiotherapy was downloaded from the GEO database to analyze the differential expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) and mRNAs (DEmRNAs) in radiosensitive and radioresistant samples, followed by the construction of the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network and Gene Ontology and KEGG enrichment analysis. Additionally, a prognostic risk model was constructed, and its accuracy was evaluated by means of receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS: A total of 125 DEmiRNAs and 42 DEmRNAs were closely related to the radiosensitivity in patients with esophageal cancer. Based on 47 miRNA-mRNA interactions, including 21 miRNAs and 21 mRNAs, the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was constructed. The prognostic risk model based on 2 miRNAs (miR-132-3p and miR-576-5p) and 4 mRNAs (CAND1, ZDHHC23, AHR, and MTMR4) could accurately predict the prognosis of esophageal cancer patients. Finally, it was verified that miR-132-3p/CAND1/ZDHHC23 and miR-576-5p/AHR could affect the radiosensitivity in esophageal cancer. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that miR-132-3p/CAND1/ZDHHC23 and miR-576-5p/AHR were critical molecular pathways related to the radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer.

How consumer group communication influences brand memory during product injury crises.

Drawing on the social exchange theory, this study adopted a cross-level framework to investigate the influence of consumer group communication on consumer product image perception and brand memory. In addition, this paper examined the moderating role of consumer group involvement in the cross-level relationship between consumer group communication and consumer product image perception. Based on a sample of 116 groups and 530 consumers, results revealed that consumer group communication has a significant positive influence on brand memory formation across levels. Consumer product image perception plays a cross-layer mediated role between consumer group communication and brand memory. Group involvement plays a cross-level negative moderating role between consumer group communication and consumer product image perception, and moderates the mediating role of consumer product image perception between consumer group communication and consumer brand memory across different levels. Finally this paper discussed implications for research and practice.

Long-term survival of a non-small cell lung cancer patient with EGFR-mutated brain metastases: a case report.

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Up to 85% of lung cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and most patients present with advanced disease at first diagnosis. Targeted therapy plays an important role in the treatment of advanced NSCLC. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation is a predictive marker of sensitivity to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC are prone to developing central nervous system (CNS) metastasis and poor prognosis (4-6 months). Brain metastases (BMs) remain a tricky problem in NSCLC patients and impose a distinct challenge for clinicians. Case Description: This article details a patient with EGFR-mutated BMs accepting a series of treatments but without chemotherapy, resulting in significantly prolonged survival with overall survival (OS) over 8 years and improved clinical symptoms. The patient in our case received four lines of treatments and the progression-free survival (PFS) in each line were longer than the previously reported without exception. It is worth noting that the combination of osimertinib and bevacizumab used in the fourth-line therapy has a PFS of 31 months and has not progressed so far. Conclusions: Our case demonstrates that it is possible to achieve long-term survival in advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC with multiple BMs and systemic progression through a reasonable therapeutic schedule.

[Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Centrally Located Non-small Cell Lung Cancer].

A few study has proven that about 90% of local control rates might be benefit from stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for patients with medically inoperable stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), it is reported SBRT associated overall survival and tumor specific survival is comparable with those treated with surgery. SBRT has been accepted as the first line treatment for inoperable patients with peripheral located stage I NSCLC. However, the role of SBRT in centrally located lesions is controversial for potential toxic effects from the adjacent anatomical structure. This paper will review the definition, indication, dose regimens, dose-volume constraints for organs at risk, radiation technology, treatment side effect of centrally located NSCLC treated with SBRT and stereotactic body proton therapy.

Clinicopathological Characteristics, Treatment, and Prognosis of 21 Patients with Primary Gastric Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

We performed a retrospective analysis of 21 patients with primary gastric squamous cell carcinoma (PGSCC) who were admitted to our hospital from October 2008 to October 2014. The median age was 67 years and male predominance was observed, the most common tumor locations were the upper third of the stomach, most of the clinical manifestations were identical to those of other types of gastric tumors, and the tumor cells had positive immunoreactivity for p63 and CK5/6. In terms of treatments, surgery (R0 resection) is the main treatment; the effect of other treatments is unclear. The median survival time for the surgery group and nonsurgery group was 46 and 4.5 months, respectively. Probably due to limited number of cases, no significant difference in median survival time was observed between the surgery alone group and the surgery plus adjuvant therapy group (46 versus 51 months, P = 0.310). A standard chemotherapy regimen for this disease has not yet been established; the choice of its chemotherapy regimens tends to follow the principle of the treatment of gastric adenocarcinoma or esophageal cancer. PGSCC generally had a poor prognosis, and early detection, early diagnosis, and early surgical treatment are beneficial to patients.

Temporal artery flow response during the last minute of a head up tilt test, in relation with orthostatic intolerance after a 60 day head-down bedrest.

OBJECTIVE: Check if the Temporal flow response to Tilt could provide early hemodynamic pattern in the minutes preceding a syncope during the Tilt test performed after a 60-d head down bedrest (HDBR). METHOD: Twenty-one men divided into 3 groups [Control (Con), Resistive Vibration (RVE) and Chinese Herb (Herb)] underwent a 60 day HDBR. Pre and Post HDBR a 20 min Tilt identified Finishers (F) and Non Finishers (NF). Cerebral (MCA), Temporal (TEMP), Femoral (FEM) flow velocity, were measured by Doppler during the Tilt. Blood pressure (BP) was measured by arm cuff and cardiopress. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Four of the 21 subjects were NF at the post HDBR Tilt test (Con gr:2, RVE gr: 1, Herb gr: 1). At 1 min and 10 s before end of Tilt in NF gr, FEM flow decreased less and MCA decreased more at post HDBR Tilt compared to pre (p<0.05), while in the F gr they changed similarly as pre. In NF gr: TEMP flow decreased more at post HDBR Tilt compared to pre, but only at 10 s before the end of Tilt (P<0.05). During the last 10 s a negative TEMP diastolic component appeared which induced a drop in mean velocity until Tilt arrest. CONCLUSION: The sudden drop in TEMP flow with onset of a negative diastolic flow preceding the decrease in MCA flow confirm that the TEMP vascular resistance respond more directly than the cerebral one to the cardiac output redistribution and that this response occur several seconds before syncope.

[Experimental study of cisplatin loaded polylactic acid-polyethylene glycol nano-particles for targeting oral carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the target deliver of Cisplatin to oral carcinoma tissues by intravenous injection of Cisplatin loaded polylactic acid- polyethylene glycol nanoparticles (CDDP-PLA-PEG-NP). METHODS: CDDP-PLA-PEG-NP was prepared by the emulsion-solvent evaporation method. The buccal cancer model was established in 64 golden hamsters, which were divided randomly into two groups for 32 animals in each group, CDDP-PLA-PEG-NP (6.6 mg/kg) and CDDP (1 mg/kg) were respectively injected into mice tail vein. At 0.083, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 h after drug administration. 4 animals in each group were sacrificed and CDDP concentration in the plasma and tumor were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Targeting ability was evaluated by targeting index (TI), selectivity index (SI) and relative extraction efficiency (re). RESULTS: The average diameter of CDDP-PLA-PEG-NP was (143.2 +/- 1.8) nm. The diameter distribution was from 103.5 nm to 175.8 nm. Drug loading and embedding ratio were (15.2 +/- 0.9) %, (89.0 +/- 0.8) % respectively. Values of TI and SI are more than 1 at 8 time points. The area under CDDP concentration-time curve of oral carcinoma tissues in CDDP-PLA-PEG-NP group was 10.36 times as many as that in CDDP group. CONCLUSION: CDDP-PLA-PEG-NP can specifically deliver CDDP to oral carcinoma tissues by vein injection. Stealth anticancer nano-particle system can be regarded as a valuable drug deliver system to treat oral carcinoma.