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PURPOSE: To enhance the understanding of histological healing after repairing medial meniscal posterior root tear (MMPRT) at an early stage, utilizing a goat model. METHODS: Eighteen adult goats, totaling thirty-six knee joints, were allocated into three groups (n = 12): Sham group (Sham), Root Tear group (RT), and Root Tear with Transosseous Suture group (RTS). At 12- and 24-week intervals post-surgery, all the knees were harvested for imaging, macroscopic, histological, and biomechanical assessments. RESULTS: The intact root served as a meniscus-bone interface which connected the tibial and the circular fibers of the meniscus, with a bony insertion and a root-meniscus transition. A direct-fibrous-connection displayed at the bony insertion proximal to the synovium in the RTS group, while the remaining regions of the root displayed indirect-fibrous healing. The healing in the RT group was disjointed and reminiscent of scar tissue. The RTS group exhibited a more pronounced coronal extrusion compared to the Sham group (0.42 ± 0.09 vs. 0.19 ± 0.02, P = 0.0012) but was improved relative to that of the RT group (0.49 ± 0.02, P = 0.0028). The failure load and stiffness of the RTS group were notably higher than those of the RT group, with a strength of 42.67% and a stiffness of 83.75% of the intact root. All the samples ruptured at the root-meniscus transitions. CONCLUSION: The incomplete healing may be attributed to the histological factors underlying the low healing rate and persistent MME. Notably, the region attached to the posterior-cruciate-ligament exhibited superior healing compared to other regions of the bony insertion in the repaired group. Conversely, the root-meniscus transition displayed discontinuity, representing a mechanical weakness in the healing process. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Modifications of bone tunnel positioning and suture placement could be undertaken in subsequent studies to particularly enhance the healing of the root-meniscus transition.
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Substituting electrochemically active elements such as Li and Mg in P2-type layered sodium oxide is an effective strategy for developing competitive cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries. However, the lack of atomic-level understanding regarding the distribution of substitution positions complicates the comprehension of the roles of substituting atoms and the mechanism of sodium-ion intercalation. In this study, we identified the stable configurations of Na in Na0.75Ni0.3Mn0.7O2 and Na0.75Li0.15Mg0.05Ni0.1Mn0.7O2 materials using the site exclusion method. Through simulating the complete charging process for both materials, the structure evolution of the cathodes during the cycling and the impact of the partial substitution of Ni elements by Li and Mg atoms were comprehensively elucidated. Our findings revealed that Mg atoms effectively regulate the distribution of forces within the materials, essentially serving as supportive pillars within the cathode. Meanwhile, Li atoms efficiently mitigated electron localization, consequently diminishing volume fluctuations during the charging process. More importantly, the substitution with Li and Mg atoms could synergistically reduce the interaction between transition metals and sodium ions, thereby reducing the diffusion energy barrier of Na ions. This study not only enhances the comprehension of substituted metal atoms in P2 layered oxides but also offers new insights for the development of sodium-ion cathode materials.
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OBJECTIVE: Meniscus progenitor cells (MPCs) have been identified as promising candidates for meniscus regeneration, and it is crucial for us to understand meniscus injury repair mechanism at the cellular level. In this study, we investigate the biological properties of MPCs isolated from different species using the differential adhesion to fibronectin (DAF) technique. We aim to characterize MPCs in different species and evaluate the feasibility of these models for future meniscal investigation. DESIGN: MPCs were isolated from freshly digested meniscus from rat, rabbit, goat, and human cells using DAF. Biological properties, including proliferation, colony-forming, multilineage differentiation, and migration abilities, were compared in MPCs and their corresponding mixed meniscus cell (MCs) population in each species. RESULTS: MPCs were successfully isolated by the DAF technique in all species. Rat MPCs appeared cobblestone-like, rabbit MPCs were more polygonal, goat MPCs had a spindle-shaped morphology, human MPCs appear more fibroblast-like. Compared with MCs, isolated MPCs showed progenitor cell characteristics, including multilineage differentiation ability and MSC (mesenchymal stem cells) markers (CD166, CD90, CD44, Stro-1) expression. They also highly expressed fibronectin receptors CD49e and CD49c. MPCs also showed greater proliferation capacity and retained colony-forming ability. Except for goat MPCs showed greater migration abilities than MCs, no significant differences were found in the migration ability between MPCs and MCs in other species. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that DAF is an effective method for isolating MPCs from rat, rabbit, goat, and human. MPCs in these species demonstrated similar characteristics, including greater proliferation ability and better chondrogenic potential.
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Pyroptosis, a form of caspase-1-dependent cell death, also known as inflammation-dependent death, plays a crucial role in diseases such as stroke, heart disease, or tumors. Since its elucidation, pyroptosis has attracted widespread attention from various sectors. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can regulate numerous cellular signaling pathways. Through further research on ROS and pyroptosis, the level of ROS has been revealed to be pivotal for the occurrence of pyroptosis, establishing a close relationship between the two. This review primarily focuses on the molecular mechanisms of ROS and pyroptosis in tumors and inflammatory diseases, exploring key proteins that may serve as drug targets linking ROS and pyroptosis and emerging fields targeting pyroptosis. Additionally, the potential future development of compounds and proteins that influence ROS-regulated cell pyroptosis is anticipated, aiming to provide insights for the development of anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Inflamación , Neoplasias , Piroptosis , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno , Humanos , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias/patología , Neoplasias/inmunología , Neoplasias/etiología , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Inflamación/metabolismo , Inflamación/inmunología , Animales , Transducción de SeñalRESUMEN
Given the complexity of issuing, verifying, and trading green power certificates in China, along with the challenges posed by policy changes, ensuring that China's green certificate market trading system receives proper mechanisms and technical support is crucial. This study presents a green power certificate trading (GC-TS) architecture based on an equilibrium strategy, which enhances the quoting efficiency and multi-party collaboration capability of green certificate trading by introducing Q-learning, smart contracts, and effectively integrating a multi-agent trading Nash strategy. Firstly, we integrate green certificate trading with electricity and carbon asset trading, constructing pricing strategies for the green certificate, carbon, and electricity trading markets; secondly, we design a certificate-electricity-carbon efficiency model based on ensuring the consistency of green certificates, green electricity, and carbon markets; then, to achieve diversified green certificate trading, we establish a multi-agent reinforcement learning game equilibrium model. Additionally, we propose an integrated Nash Q-learning offer with a smart contract dynamic trading joint clearing mechanism. Experiments show that trading prices have increased by 20%, and the transaction success rate by 30 times, with an analysis of trading performance from groups of 3, 5, 7, and 9 trading agents exhibiting high consistency and redundancy. Compared with models integrating smart contracts, it possesses a higher convergence efficiency of trading quotes.
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Background: Adverse reactions induced by isoosmolar contrast medium (iodixanol) are mostly mild, with rashes and headaches being the most common. Although anaphylactic shock has been reported, no related incidents have been documented on cerebral angiography. Objective: This article reports a serious case of anaphylactic shock possibly induced by iodixanol and provides an overview of the case report. Case Summary: A 65-year-old female with persistent headaches for nearly six months and CTA examination revealed multiple intracranial aneurysms. After two treatments, she returned to the hospital for aneurysm of reexamination a month ago. Following a preoperative assessment, cerebral angiography was performed. Three minutes after the procedure, the patient experienced dizziness, increased heart rate, followed by hypotension (BP 90/43 mm Hg), a sudden drop-in heart rate (HR 68 bpm), and a drop in SpO2 to 92%. Intravenous dexamethasone for anti-allergic were administered immediately, along with therapy through oxygen-inhalation. However, the patient then developed limb convulsions, unresponsiveness, and was urgently given diazepam for sedation and sputum aspiration to maintain airway patency. Blood pressure decrease to 53/29 mm Hg, and SpO2 readings were unavailable. Intravenous dopamine to elevates blood pressure, and assists breathing by intubating in the endotracheal. After 3 minutes, as the blood pressure remained undetectable, intermittent intravenous epinephrine 1mg was administered to raise the blood pressure, gradually restoring it to 126/90 mm Hg, and SpO2 increased to 95%. The patient was diagnosed with iodixanol-induced anaphylactic shock and urgently transferred to the NICU for monitoring and treatment. The patient died despite immediate treatment. Conclusion: A 65-year-old female developed serious anaphylactic shock during cerebral angiography after receiving iodixanol. Although iodixanol is considered one of the safest iodinated contrast mediums (ICM), clinicians should be aware of its the potential for serious hypersensitivity reactions that can lead to fatal and life-threatening events.
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Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is one of the most difficult challenges in cerebrovascular disease research. It is primarily caused by excessive autophagy induced by oxidative stress. Previously, a novel compound X5 was found, and the excellent antioxidant activity of it was verified in this study. Moreover, network pharmacological analysis suggested that compound X5 was closely associated with autophagy and the mTOR pathway. In vitro, X5 could significantly inhibit the expression of autophagy proteins Beclin-1 and LC3-ß, which are induced by H2O2, and promote the expression of SIRT1. In vivo, compound X5 significantly reduced the infarct size and improved the neurological function scores in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of rats. In conclusion, ROS-induced autophagy is closely related to mTOR, SIRT1 and others, and X5 holds promise as a candidate for the treatment of CIRI.
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Antioxidantes , Autofagia , Farmacología en Red , Daño por Reperfusión , Sirtuina 1 , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR , Animales , Daño por Reperfusión/tratamiento farmacológico , Daño por Reperfusión/metabolismo , Autofagia/efectos de los fármacos , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Ratas , Sirtuina 1/metabolismo , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismo , Infarto de la Arteria Cerebral Media/tratamiento farmacológico , Infarto de la Arteria Cerebral Media/patología , Masculino , Isquemia Encefálica/tratamiento farmacológico , Isquemia Encefálica/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Beclina-1/metabolismo , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/metabolismoRESUMEN
The reduction of soluble U(VI) to insoluble and less toxic U(IV) by photocatalysis is an effective method to control uranium contamination. The graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet (CNN)/UiO-66 composites (CNNU) were prepared by thermal polymerization and solvothermal methods for the removal of U(VI). The morphology, crystal structure and optical properties of composites were analyzed by SEM, XRD, BET, UV-DRS, PL and EIS. The results showed the introduction of UiO-66 increased the specific surface of CNN from 9.07 m2/g to 46.24 m2/g, and effectively suppressed the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes and improved the photocatalytic activity. The U(VI) removal capacity by adsorption and photocatalysis of CNNU was reached 779.47 mg/g, which significantly higher than that of adsorption (478.38 mg/g). The adsorption process was found to conform to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isothermal model. Meanwhile, U(VI) adsorbed on the CNNU was reduced to U(IV) via e- and ·O2- generated in the photocatalytic process. Therefore, this outstanding performance of CNNU in U(VI) removal is attributed to the synergistic effect of adsorption and photocatalytic reduction.
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Estructuras Metalorgánicas , Ácidos Ftálicos , Uranio , Adsorción , Uranio/química , Luz SolarRESUMEN
Coordinated manganese (Mn) electrocatalysts owing to their electronic structure flexibility, non-toxic and earth abundant features are promising for electrocatalytic reactions. However, achieving selective hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) production through two electron oxygen reduction (2e-ORR) is a challenge on Mn-centered catalysts. Targeting this goal, we report on the creation of a secondary Mn(II)-coordinated active environment with reactant enrichment effect on boundary-rich porous carbon-based electrocatalysts, which facilitates the selective and rapid synthesis of H2 O2 through 2e-ORR. The catalysts exhibit nearly 100 % Faradaic efficiency and H2 O2 productivity up to 15.1â mol gcat -1 h-1 at 0.1â V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, representing the record high activity for Mn-based electrocatalyst in H2 O2 electrosynthesis. Mechanistic studies reveal that the epoxide and hydroxyl groups surrounding Mn(II) centers improve spin state by modifying electronic properties and charge transfer, thus tailoring the adsorption strength of *OOH intermediate. Multiscale simulations reveal that the high-curvature boundaries facilitate oxygen (O2 ) adsorption and result in local O2 enrichment due to the enhanced interaction between carbon surface and O2 . These merits together ensure the efficient formation of H2 O2 with high local concentration, which can directly boost the tandem reaction of hydrolysis of benzonitrile to benzamide with nearly 100 % conversion rate and exclusive benzamide selectivity.
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Triaxial magnetic field coils are one of the most important components of magnetic resonance sensors. Traditional measurement methods for coil constants and non-orthogonal angles using fluxgate magnetometers are no longer suitable for small-volume nuclear magnetic resonance sensors. This study presents a method for measuring the coil constants and nonorthogonal angles of triaxial nuclear magnetic resonance coils using the dynamics of the electron paramagnetic resonance magnetometer without requiring any additional calibration equipment. After constructing the in-situ magnetometer, we measured the coil constants of the z- and the x-axes as 1189 nT/mA and 45.53 nT/mA, respectively. We obtained the nonorthogonal angle of approximately 0.18° between the z-axis and the x-y plane with a standard deviation of about 0.03° by solving the relevant trigonometric function. Additionally, the non-orthogonal angle between the x- and y-axes is approximately 1.70° with a standard deviation of about 0.17°. This study is significant for evaluating and reducing signal crosstalk errors and improving the accuracy of NMR sensors.
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BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer (BCa) is a common malignancy in the urinary system. Necroptosis, a recently discovered form of programmed cell death, is closely associated with the development and progression of various types of tumors. Targeting necroptosis through anti-cancer strategies has shown potential as a therapy for cancer. We aimed to develop a necroptosis-related lncRNAs (NRlncRNAs) risk model that can predict the survival and tumor immunity of BCa patients. METHODS: We analyzed sequencing data obtained from the TCGA database, and applied least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and Cox regression analysis to identify crucial NRlncRNAs for building a risk model. Using the risk score, we categorized patients into high- and low-risk groups, and assessed the accuracy with the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) and Kaplan-Meier curves. We performed the RT-qPCR to detect the expression differences of the genes based on the risk model. RESULTS: We identified a total of 296 NRlncRNAs, and 6 of them were included in the prognostic model. The AUC values for 1-, 3-, and 5-year predictions were 0.675, 0.726 and 0.734, respectively. Our risk model demonstrated excellent predictive performance and served as an independent predictor with high predictive power. Additionally, we performed PCA, TMB, GSEA analyses, and evaluated immune cell infiltration, to reveal significant differences between the high- and low-risk groups in functional signaling pathways, immunological status, and mutation profiles. Finally, we assessed the chemotherapeutic response of several drugs. According to the RT-qPCR results, we found that four NRlncRNAs of the risk model were more highly expressed in BCa cell lines than human immortalized uroepithelial cell line and regulated the occurrence and progression of bladder cancer. CONCLUSION: We constructed a novel NRlncRNAs-associated risk model, which could predict the prognosis and immune response of BCa patients.
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ARN Largo no Codificante , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria , Humanos , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , Necroptosis/genética , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/genética , Pronóstico , Apoptosis , Microambiente Tumoral/genéticaRESUMEN
Renal fibrosis is considered to be the ultimate pathway for various chronic kidney disease, with a complex etiology and great therapeutic challenges. Tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) family proteins have been shown to be involved in fibrotic diseases, but whether TRIM39 plays a role in renal fibrosis remain unexplored. In this study, we investigated the role of TRIM39 in renal fibrosis and its molecular mechanism. TRIM39 expression was analyzed in patients' specimens, HK-2 cells and unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mice were used for functional and mechanistic studies. We found an upregulated expression of TRIM39 in renal fibrosis human specimens and models. In addition, TRIM39 knockdown was found efficient for alleviating renal fibrosis in both UUO mice and HK-2 cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that TRIM39 interacted with PRDX3 directly and induced ubiquitination degradation of PRDX3 at K73 and K149 through the K48 chain, which resulted in ROS accumulation and increased inflammatory cytokine generation, and further aggravated renal fibrosis. It provided an emerging potential target for the therapies of renal fibrosis.
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We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) rechallenge in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The study included 111 patients who had previously received ICI therapy and experienced disease progression. The primary endpoints assessed were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and objective response rate (ORR). Our findings revealed that the ICI rechallenge showed promising results in improving patient outcomes. OS (r) is the time from rechallenging with immune checkpoint inhibitors to the last follow-up or death from any cause. The median OS (r) was 14.3 months (95% CI 11.3-17.3 months), with a median PFS (r) of 5.9 months (95% CI 4.1-7.7 months). The ORR was 17.1%; the DCR was 82.3%. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that patients without brain or liver metastases had a longer OS (r) compared to those with metastases (21.6 vs. 13.8 months, χ2 = 3.873, P = 0.046; 20.8 vs. 9.1 months, χ2 = 10.733, P = 0.001, respectively). Moreover, patients without driver gene mutations exhibited significantly longer OS than those with mutations or wild-type patients (22.9 vs. 16.1 vs. 7.5 months, χ2 = 10.710, P = 0.005). Notably, patients who switched to a different ICI during the rechallenge had shorter OS than those who did not change medications (10.4 vs. 21.1 months, χ2 = 9.014, P = 0.003). The incidence of immune-related adverse events did not significantly differ between the two treatment phases. These findings suggest that ICI rechallenge may be a viable therapeutic strategy for select NSCLC patients. Further prospective studies are needed to validate these results and guide treatment decisions for advanced NSCLC.
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Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/efectos adversos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , EncéfaloRESUMEN
Kish graphite is a typical byproduct of steel production, and its enrichment and purification are essential prerequisites for its high value and comprehensive utilization. To solve the problem of recovery and application of difficult-to-treat kish graphite with a small particle size obtained from metallurgical dust, kish graphite in blast furnace tapping yard dust was effectively enriched and purified by a comprehensive flotation-acid leaching treatment process in this study. The influence of the flotation agents on the flotation process was explored. The results showed that the optimized flotation agent dosage was 500.0 g·t-1 (collector) and 120.0 g·t-1 (frother), respectively. Based on the optimized flotation scheme, a graphite concentrate (FG) with 79.12 % carbon content and 93.5 % carbon recovery was obtained. After the leaching treatment with a HCl-HF mixed acid solution, the carbon content of the graphite concentrate increased to 95.55 %. The ID/IG value of the graphite concentrate was 0.145, and the average lattice spacing was approximately 0.3354 nm. The SEM results showed that the leaching-treated graphite concentrate (AFG) had a loose, fragment-like structure. When used as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, The AFG still provided a high reversible capacity of â¼370 mAh·g-1 and excellent coulombic efficiency of 99.6 % after 350 cycles. In addition, an industrial-grade recycling and utilization path for kish graphite based on a circular supply chain strategy was proposed. The results of this study may serve as a conceptual basis for the recovery and application of kish graphite from metallurgical dust.
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Grafito , Carbono , Polvo , Suministros de Energía Eléctrica , MetalurgiaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Currently, there is no clear consensus on whether medical treatment or endoscopic treatment should be used for peptic ulcer bleeding patients with adherent clot. The aim of this study is to investigate the hemostatic effects of medical treatment, single endoscopic treatment, and combination endoscopic treatment for peptic ulcer bleeding (PUB) patients with adherent clot. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed PUB patients with adherent clot who underwent endoscopic examination or treatment in our center from March 2014 to January 2023 and received intravenous administration of proton pump inhibitors. Patients were divided into medical treatment (MT) group, single endoscopic treatment (ST) group, and combined endoscopic treatment (CT) group. Subsequently, inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was performed to calculate the rebleeding rate. RESULTS: A total of 605 eligible patients were included in this study. After IPTW, the rebleeding rate in the MT group on days 3, 7, 14, and 30 were 13.3 (7.3), 14.2 (7.8), 14.5 (7.9), and 14.5 (7.9), respectively; the rebleeding rates in the ST group were 17.4 (5.1), 20.8 (6.1), 20.8 (6.1), and 20.8 (6.1), respectively; the rebleeding rates in the CT group were 0.4 (0.9), 1.7 (3.3), 2.3 (4.5), and 2.3 (4.5), respectively. Although the rebleeding rate in the medical treatment group was higher, there was no significant difference among the three groups on days 3, 7, 14, and 30 (P = 0.132, 0.442, 0.552, and 0.552). CONCLUSIONS: Medical therapy has similar hemostatic efficacy with endoscopic treatment for PUB patients with adherent clot (FIIb ulcers). However, for patients with more risk factors and access to well-equipped endoscopy centers, endoscopic treatment may be considered. The choice of treatment approach should be based on the individual conditions of the patient, as well as other factors such as medical resources available.
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Hemostasis Endoscópica , Hemostáticos , Úlcera Péptica , Humanos , Úlcera/complicaciones , Úlcera/terapia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Úlcera Péptica Hemorrágica/etiología , Endoscopía Gastrointestinal/efectos adversos , Hemostasis Endoscópica/efectos adversos , Úlcera Péptica/complicaciones , RecurrenciaRESUMEN
Metabolic disorders involving endogenous H2S have been linked to a variety of serious human diseases, particularly cancer. In this study, we employed nanofibers with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity for the detection of H2S within live cells. These nanofibers were chosen for their minimal invasiveness, high spatial resolution, and enhanced SERS sensitivity. To improve the performance of SERS, highly sensitive core-shell multibranched-Au NPs (MBAuNP)@Ag NPs were decorated on the nanofibers as SERS tags for H2S detection. A SERS probe named MBN, embedded between the Au core and Ag shell, was utilized for quantitative detection. These nanofibers exhibited excellent reproducibility (relative standard deviation (RSD) within 5.7 %) and demonstrated a strong linear relationship with sulfide concentrations ranging from 50 nM to 1 µM, with an estimated detection limit of 0.12 nM. As a proof of concept, the aforementioned nanofibers were successfully applied to detect endogenous H2S in living cells, offering a potential analytical method in the related research of detection.
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Sulfuro de Hidrógeno , Nanopartículas del Metal , Nanofibras , Humanos , Espectrometría Raman/métodos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Oro , Plata , PolímerosRESUMEN
Introduction: Laboratory teaching of medical microbiology involves highly pathogenic microorganisms, thus posing potential biosafety risks to the students and the teacher. To address these risks, non/low-pathogenic microorganisms were modified to mimic highly pathogenic ones or highly pathogenic microorganisms were attenuated directly using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. This study describes the modification of Escherichia coli DH5α to mimic Shigella and its evaluation as a safe alternative for medical laboratory teaching. Methods: To generate E. coli DH5αâ³FliCâ³tnaA2a, the tnaA and FliC genes in E. coli DH5α were knocked out using CRISPR/Cas9 technology; a plasmid bearing the O-antigen determinant of S. flexneri 2a was then constructed and transformed. Acid tolerance assays and guinea pig eye tests were used to assess the viability and pathogenicity, respectively. Questionnaires were used to analyze teaching effectiveness and the opinions of teachers and students. Results: The survey revealed that most teachers and students were inclined towards real-time laboratory classes than virtual classes or observation of plastic specimens. However, many students did not abide by the safety regulations, and most encountered potential biosafety hazards in the laboratory. E. coli DH5αâ³FliCâ³tnaA2a was biochemically and antigenically analogous to S. flexneri 2a and had lower resistance to acid than E. coli. There was no toxicity observed in guinea pigs. Most of teachers and students were unable to distinguish E. coli DH5αâ³FliCâ³tnaA2a from pure S. flexneri 2a in class. Students who used E. coli DH5αâ³FliCâ³tnaA2a in their practice had similar performance in simulated examinations compared to students who used real S. flexneri 2a, but significantly higher than the virtual experimental group. Discussion: This approach can be applied to other high-risk pathogenic microorganisms to reduce the potential biosafety risks in medical laboratory-based teaching and provide a new strategy for the development of experimental materials.
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Escherichia coli , Shigella , Humanos , Animales , Cobayas , Escherichia coli/genética , Shigella flexneri/genética , Contención de Riesgos Biológicos , Shigella/genética , VirulenciaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: An undersized hamstring tendon (HT) autograft is significantly associated with a higher graft failure rate in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) surgery. The ability to accurately predict inadequate HT graft diameter is critical, as it could assist surgeons in making better graft choices and surgical plans. PURPOSE: To develop a web-based prediction tool to better assess the size of HT autograft and to help clinicians accurately identify patients with potentially undersized HT grafts in order to make appropriate clinical decisions. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: A total of 588 patients who received primary arthroscopic single-bundle ACLR surgery with gracilis tendon (GT) and semitendinosus tendon (ST) autograft were retrospectively reviewed. According to the size of 4-strand HT graft, patients were divided into diameter ≥8 mm and <8 mm groups. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method and logistic regression were used to identify the independent factors associated with HT graft diameter and establish the models. The prediction performance of the model was evaluated by concordance index and calibration combined with external validation. The diagnostic performance of the prediction model was assessed by sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios. Decision curve analysis was used to evaluate the clinical utility of the model. RESULTS: Among the numerous indicators, sex, weight, height, thigh length, and ST-GT diameter (measured on plane 1 of a magnetic resonance imaging scan) were identified to be highly correlated predictors that could provide satisfactory prediction performance in determining the HT graft diameter. Based on these predictors, a prediction model named the HTD model was developed with satisfactory discrimination (concordance index, 0.932) and calibration (mean absolute error, 0.039). When the probability calculated by the HTD model was >65%, the sensitivity and specificity of predicting 4-strand HT graft diameter ≥8 mm were 86.7% and 90.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION: As a useful supplementary prediction tool, the HTD model could accurately predict the diameter of HT autograft during preoperative planning.
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Lesiones del Ligamento Cruzado Anterior , Reconstrucción del Ligamento Cruzado Anterior , Tendones Isquiotibiales , Humanos , Tendones Isquiotibiales/trasplante , Autoinjertos/cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Lesiones del Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/diagnóstico , Lesiones del Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/cirugía , Estudios Transversales , Trasplante Autólogo , Reconstrucción del Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/métodos , InternetRESUMEN
The crosstalk between mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and the host immune function plays a key role in the efficiency of tissue regeneration and wound healing. However, the difference in immunological modulation and tissue regeneration function between MSCs from different sources remains unclear. Compared to PDLSCs, BMMSCs, and ADSCs, DPSCs exhibited greater tissue regeneration potential and triggered more M2 macrophages in vivo. DPSCs elicited the polarization of M2a macrophages by conditioned medium and transwell assay and exhibited higher expression levels of C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2). Specific blocking of CCL2 could significantly inhibit the DPSCs-induced polarization of M2 macrophages. DPSCs promoted wound healing of the palatal mucosa and M2 macrophages polarization in vivo, which could be significantly impaired by CCL2-neutralized antibody. Our data indicate that DPSCs exert better tissue regeneration potential and immunoregulatory function by secreting CCL2, which can enhance MSCs-mediated tissue regeneration or wound healing.
RESUMEN
Enterocytozoon bieneusi, the most common microsporidian species, has been detected in humans and a variety of animals worldwide. However, limited information is available on the prevalence and molecular characterization of this parasite in guinea pigs. In this study, we conducted the first investigation of E. bieneusi infection in hairless guinea pigs recently introduced into China as new exotic pets. A total of 324 fecal samples were collected from hairless guinea pigs from a pet market and four breeding facilities in China. Sequence alignment of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) revealed an infection rate of 14.2% (46/324) and two known ITS genotypes, S7 and PGP. Genotype S7 was the dominant genotype in these animals (42/46, 91.3%). Due to significant ITS sequence divergence, four and two PGP isolates from hairless and regular guinea pigs, respectively were further identified by PCR and phylogenetic analysis based on the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene, as well as phylogenetic analysis of the ITS locus using E. hepatopenaei and two related genera Enterospora and Nucleospora as the outgroup. Three out of the six PGP isolates were successfully sequenced and generated the same sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of SSU rRNA and ITS loci revealed that PGP isolates formed a separate clade that was distinct and far away from E. bieneusi, suggesting that they represent a new species of Enterocytozoon. These findings indicate the dominance of zoonotic E. bieneusi genotype S7 in hairless guinea pigs and the existence of a cryptic Enterocytozoon species in guinea pigs.
Title: Prévalence et caractérisation moléculaire d'Enterocytozoon bieneusi et d'une nouvelle espèce d'Enterocytozoon chez des cobayes sans poils (Cavia porcellus) en Chine. Abstract: Enterocytozoon bieneusi, l'espèce de microsporidies la plus commune, a été détectée chez les humains et chez divers animaux à travers le monde. Cependant, peu d'informations sont disponibles sur la prévalence et la caractérisation moléculaire de ce parasite chez le cobaye. Dans cette étude, nous avons mené la première enquête sur l'infection par E. bieneusi chez des cobayes sans poils récemment introduits en Chine en tant que nouveaux animaux de compagnie exotiques. Trois cent vingt-quatre échantillons fécaux ont été collectés sur des cobayes sans poils provenant d'un marché d'animaux de compagnie et de quatre établissements d'élevage en Chine. L'alignement des séquences de l'espaceur transcrit interne (ITS) a révélé le taux d'infection (14,2 %, 46 / 324) et deux génotypes ITS connus (S7 et PGP). Le génotype S7 était le génotype dominant chez ces animaux (42 / 46, 91,3 %). En raison d'une divergence significative des séquences ITS, quatre et deux isolats de PGP provenant respectivement de cobayes sans poils et ordinaires ont été identifiés par PCR, analyse phylogénétique basée sur le gène de l'ARNr de la petite sous-unité (SSU), ainsi que par analyse phylogénétique du locus ITS en utilisant E. hepatopenaei et deux genres apparentés Enterospora et Nucleospora comme groupe externe. Trois des six isolats de PGP ont été séquencés avec succès et ont généré les mêmes séquences. L'analyse phylogénétique de l'ARNr SSU et des loci ITS a révélé que les isolats de PGP formaient un clade distinct et éloigné de E. bieneusi, ce qui suggère qu'ils représentent une nouvelle espèce d'Enterocytozoon. Ces résultats indiquent la domination du génotype zoonotique E. bieneusi S7 chez les cobayes sans poils et l'existence d'une espèce cryptique d'Enterocytozoon chez les cobayes.