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A multi-component paclitaxel (PTX) -loaded ß-elemene nanoemulsion by transferrin modification (Tf-PE-MEs) was developed to enhance non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. After transferrin modification, the particle size of Tf-PE-MEs was (14.87 ± 1.84) nm, and the zeta potential was (-10.19 ± 0.870) mV, respectively. In vitro experiments showed that Tf-PE-MEs induced massive apoptosis in A549 cells, indicating that it had significant cytotoxicity to A549 cells. Through transferrin modification, Tf-PE-MEs accumulated at the tumor site efficiently with overexpressed transferrin receptor (TfR) on the surface of A549 cells. This will allow increasing PTX and ß-elemene concentration in the target cells, enhancing the therapeutic effect. Compared to PTX alone, Tf-PE-MEs displayed good anti-tumor efficacy and diminished systemic toxicity in vivo studies. With favourable therapeutic potential, this study provides a new strategy for the combined anticancer treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.
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The increasingly urgent issue of climate change is driving the development of carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and separation technologies in flue gas after combustion. The monolithic adsorbent stands out in practical adsorption applications for its simplified powder compaction process while maintaining the inherent balance between energy consumption for regeneration and selectivity for adsorption. However, optimizing the adsorption capacity and selectivity of CO2 separation materials remains a significant challenge. Herein, we synthesized monolithic polymer networks (N-CMPs) with triphenylamine adsorption sites, acid-base environment tolerance, and precise narrow microchannel pore systems for the selective sieving of CO2 and particulate matter (PM) in flue gas. The inherent continuous covalent bonding of N-CMPs, along with their highly delocalized π-π conjugated porous framework, ensures the stability of the monolithic polymer network's adsorption and separation capabilities under wet and acid-base conditions. Specifically, under the conditions of 1 bar at 273 K, the CO2 adsorption capacity of N-CMP-1 is 3.35 mmol/g. Attributed to the highly polar environment generated by triphenylamine and the inherent high micropore/mesopore ratio, N-CMPs exhibit an excellent ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) selectivity for CO2/N2 under simulated flue gas conditions (CO2/N2 = 15:85). Dynamic breakthrough experiments further visualize the high separation efficiency of N-CMPs in practical adsorption applications. Moreover, under acid-base conditions, N-CMPs achieve a capture efficiency exceeding 99.76 % for PM0.3, enabling the selective separation of CO2 and PM in flue gas. In fact, the combined capture of hazardous PM and CO2 from the exhaust gases produced by the combustion of fossil fuels will play a pivotal role in mitigating climate change and environmental issues until low-carbon and alternative energy technologies are widely adopted.
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Conjugated microporous polymers have a highly delocalized π-π conjugated porous skeleton connected by covalent bonds, which can combine their excellent stability with high adsorption, in order to be applied to the study of co-capture of harmful particulate matter (PM) and carbon dioxide (CO2) under high temperature and high humidity conditions. In this paper, fluorene-based coupled conjugated microporous polymers (D-CMPs) with functionalized hollow nanotubes and abundant microporous structures were proposed. Through mechanism exploration and molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) calculation, the capture efficiency, adsorption capacity and selectivity of PM and CO2 in the waste gas stream of carbon-based combustion were analyzed. The results indicate that D-CMPs, with their rigid carbon-based π-conjugated framework, exhibit excellent tolerance under prolonged high-humidity conditions, with a capture efficiency exceeding 99.87% for PM0.3 and exceeding 99.99% for PM2.5. Meanwhile, based on its chemical/thermal stability, it can realize the recycling of adsorption-regeneration. On this basis, the "slip effect" induced by the open three-dimensional hierarchical porous structure of D-CMPs significantly enhances airflow dispersion and improves gas throughput (with a minimal permeation resistance of only 15 Pa). At a pressure of 1 bar and a temperature of 273.15 K, D-CMP-2 exhibited a CO2 adsorption capacity of up to 2.69 mmol g-1. The fitting results of three isothermal adsorption models demonstrate that D-CMPs exhibit an outstanding equilibrium selectivity towards CO2. Therefore, prior to the widespread adoption of low-carbon and clean energy technologies, porous solid materials exhibiting excellent structural stability, equilibrium selectivity, environmental tolerance, and high adsorption capacity emerge as optimal candidates for the treatment of industrial waste gases.
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Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is always the most challenging breast cancer subtype. Herein, brucine, encapsulated in peptide-modified liposomes, was proposed for treating TNBC by transdermal delivery. For the TD peptide-modified brucine-loaded liposome (Bru-TD-Lip) we developed, it presents high encapsulation efficiency of brucine and stability. In vitro, Bru-TD-Lip shows the enhanced percutaneous permeability of brucine, is able to readily enter TNBC cells, and significantly inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of these cells. In vivo, through transdermal delivery, Bru-TD-Lip presents good biosafety and anti-tumor efficacy. The transdermal delivery of Bru-TD-Lip effectively targets and inhibits subcutaneous mammary carcinogenesis in female nude mice. Compared with oral administration, the transdermal delivery significantly reduces the damage of brucine to major organs and enhances the antitumor outcomes of brucine in treating TNBC. This study provides a new therapeutic strategy for treating triple-negative breast cancer by brucine.
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Liposomas , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas , Humanos , Ratones , Animales , Femenino , Liposomas/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/tratamiento farmacológico , Ratones Desnudos , Péptidos/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Rhynchophorus ferrugineus is a quarantine pest that mainly damages plants in tropical regions, which are essential economic resources. Cry3Aa has been used to control coleopteran pests and is known to be toxic to R. ferrugineus. The binding of the Cry toxin to specific receptors on the target insect plays a crucial role in the toxicological mechanism of Cry toxins. However, in the case of R. ferrugineus, the nature and identity of the receptor proteins involved remain unknown. In the present study, pull-down assays and mass spectrometry were used to identify two proteins of aminopeptidase N proteins (RfAPN2a and RfAPN2b) in the larval midguts of R. ferrugineus. Cry3Aa was able to bind to RfAPN2a (Kd = 108.5 nM) and RfAPN2b (Kd = 68.2 nM), as well as midgut brush border membrane vesicles (Kd = 482.5 nM). In silico analysis of both RfAPN proteins included the signal peptide and anchored sites for glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol. In addition, RfAPN2a and RfAPN2b were expressed in the human embryonic kidney 293T cell line, and cytotoxicity assays showed that the transgenic cells were not susceptible to activated Cry3Aa. Our results show that RfAPN2a and RfAPN2b are Cry3Aa-binding proteins involved in the Cry3Aa toxicity of R. ferrugineus. This study deepens our understanding of the action mechanism of Cry3Aa in R. ferrugineus larvae.
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Bacillus thuringiensis , Escarabajos , Gorgojos , Humanos , Animales , Escarabajos/metabolismo , Gorgojos/metabolismo , Antígenos CD13/metabolismo , Endotoxinas/metabolismo , Endotoxinas/toxicidad , Larva/metabolismo , Proteínas Hemolisinas/metabolismo , Proteínas Hemolisinas/toxicidad , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Proteínas Bacterianas/toxicidadRESUMEN
Development of lysosomes and mitochondria dual-targeting photosensitizer with the virtues of near-infrared (NIR) emission, highly efficient reactive oxygen generation, good phototoxicity and biocompatibility is highly desirable in the field of imaging-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer. Herein, a new positively charged amphiphilic organic compound (2-(2-(5-(7-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-4-yl)thiophen-2-yl)vinyl)-3-methylbenzo[d]thiazol-3-ium iodide) (ADB) based on a D-A-π-A structure is designed and comprehensively investigated. ADB demonstrates special lysosomes and mitochondria dual-organelles targeting, bright NIR aggregation-induced emission (AIE) at 736 ânm, high singlet oxygen (1O2) quantum yield (0.442), as well as good biocompatibility and photostability. In addition, ADB can act as a two-photon imaging agent for the elaborate observation of living cells and blood vessel networks of tissues. Upon light irradiation, obvious decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), abnormal mitochondria morphology, as well as phagocytotic vesicles and lysosomal disruption in cells are observed, which further induce cell apoptosis and resulting in enhanced antitumor activity for cancer treatment. In vivo experiments reveal that ADB can inhibit tumor growth efficiently upon light exposure. These findings demonstrate that this dual-organelles targeted ADB has great potential for clinical imaging-guided photodynamic therapy, and this work provides a new avenue for the development of multi-organelles targeted photosensitizers for highly efficient cancer treatment.
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Novel porous gold nanospheres are prepared by calcination of the gold-urea complexes. The enhanced Raman spectra of ethanol catalyzed by different doses of porous gold nanospheres are measured with a 532 nm laser as the excitation source, and an enhanced charge coupled device served in spectral detection and microscopic imaging. The electrochemical experiments show that the catalytic oxidation products of ethanol with porous gold nanoparticles are acetaldehyde, acetic acid, and water, which further proved that the porous gold nanoparticles can activate the -CH2 of ethanol.
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BACKGROUND: Paclitaxel (PTX), voted as the promising natural medicine molecule, is widely used in the treatment of cancers. Nevertheless, its clinical application is strictly limited by its poor water solubility. OBJECTIVE: CP-MEs (Paclitaxel-coix seed oil coloaded microemulsion), a small-sized self-emulsifying nanoemulsion formed from a combination of PTX and coix seed oil (CSO), was developed in order to improve the solubility of paclitaxel and enhance anti-cervical cancer efficacy in vitro. CSO was selected as the oil phase to replace conventional organic solvents and achieve a synergistic anti-tumor effect with paclitaxel. METHODS: Pseudoternary phase diagram was applied to the study of CP-MEs formulation. CP-MEs were prepared and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading efficiency (EE and LE) were detected by HPLC. MTT was adopted to evaluate the cytotoxicity of CP-MEs against HeLa cells. The cellular uptake and apoptotic ratio of CP-MEs were evaluated by flow cytometry. Notably, HeLa 3D tumor spheroid was adopted to evaluate tumor permeability of different size microemulsions as the model. RESULTS: The best self-emulsifying ability was exhibited by HS 15: PEG 400 combination. The appearance of CP-MEs was clear and transparent, which exhibited a small size (30.28 ± 0.36) and a slight negative surface charge (-4.40 ± 1.13) mV. The EE and LE of CP-MEs were 98.80% and 0.978%, respectively. The cumulative release rate within 48 h of the CP-MEs was 80.21%. In cellular studies, the uptake of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled CP-MEs (FITC/C-MEs) was 17.86-fold higher than the free FITC group, leading to significant synergistic anticancer activity in terms of cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction in vitro. The apoptotic rate of CP-MEs treated was 1.70-fold higher than PTXtreated. Notably, the penetration of CP-MEs in the HeLa 3D tumor sphere model was enhanced, which was related to deeply penetrated microemulsion of small size mediated at the tumor site. CONCLUSION: With the advantage of the small-sized self-emulsifying system, CP-MEs hold great potential to become an efficient nano drug delivery system for cervical cancer treatment in the clinic.
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Coix , Neoplasias , Humanos , Paclitaxel/farmacología , Células HeLa , Fluoresceína-5-Isotiocianato , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Línea Celular TumoralRESUMEN
Aim: To explore the predictive value of white blood cell to hemoglobin ratio (WHR) for 30-day mortality in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods: In this cohort study, 2,848 patients with ICH were identified in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-III and MIMIC-IV. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression screened covariates of 30-day mortality of ICH patients. COX regression analysis was used to study the association of different levels of WHR, white blood cell (WBC), and hemoglobin (Hb) with 30-day mortality. The median follow-up time was 30 (20.28, 30.00) days. Results: In total, 2,068 participants survived at the end of the follow-up. WHR was negatively correlated with the Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) (spearman correlation coefficient = -0.143, p < 0.001), and positively associated with the Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (spearman correlation coefficient = 0.156, p < 0.001), quick SOFA (qSOFA) score (spearman correlation coefficient = 0.156, p < 0.001), and Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS-II) (spearman correlation coefficient = 0.213, p < 0.001). After adjusting for confounders, WHR >0.833 (HR = 1.64, 95%CI: 1.39-1.92) and WBC >10.9 K/uL (HR = 1.49, 95%CI: 1.28-1.73) were associated with increased risk of 30-day mortality of patients with ICH. The area under the curve (AUC) value of the prediction model based on WHR and other predictors was 0.78 (95%CI: 0.77-0.79), which was higher than SAPSII (AUC = 0.75, 95%CI: 0.74-0.76), SOFA score (AUC = 0.69, 95%CI: 0.68-0.70) and GCS (AUC = 0.59, 95%CI: 0.57-0.60). Conclusion: The level of WHR was associated with 30-day mortality in patients with severe ICH, and the WHR-based prediction model might provide a tool to quickly predict 30-day mortality in patients with ICH.
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Background: Intraventricular glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is extremely rare, especially in the trigone region. This report presents a case of trigone ventricular GBM with trapped temporal horn (TTH). Case presentation: A 59-year-old woman was admitted to our department with a 1-month history of rapidly progressive headache, nausea, and weakness in the right lower extremity. Head non-contrast computed tomography and enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a trigone ventricular mass lesion with TTH and heterogeneous enhancement. The lesion was found 18 months ago as a small asymptomatic tumor mimicking ependymoma. This neoplasm was removed subtotally through the right parieto-occipital approach guided by neuroendoscopy. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt was subsequently performed to relieve TTH. The final pathological diagnosis was GBM. Unfortunately, 36 days after the first surgery, the patient died due to her family's decision to refuse therapy. Conclusion: This rare case shows that GBM should be considered in the differential diagnosis of trigonal tumors. In this case, the tumor possibly originated from the neural stem cells in the subventricular zone. Patients with intraventricular GBM have a worse prognosis, and careful follow-up and early surgery for small intraventricular tumors are necessary, even for those with ependymoma-like radiological findings.
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A surfactant-free synthesis of noble-metal nanoclusters (NMNCs) with specific function has recently remained more attractive and superior in bio-applications. Herein, by employing the weak reducibility of non-toxic HEPES, we prepared novel water-soluble fluorescent HEPES@Pt NCs by a simple surfactant-free synthesis strategy for hypochlorous acid (HClO) sensing. The as-prepared Pt NCs featured ultra-small size (â¼2 nm), bright blue fluorescence, high stability and biocompatibility, and the fluorescence of the Pt NC nanoprobe can be specifically quenched with hypochlorous acid by a static quenching process. Moreover, the surfactant-free Pt NC probe displays fascinating performances for HClO sensing, including fast response to HClO, high stability and specificity, and is further applied for imaging the fluctuations of the HClO concentration in living cells with satisfactory results for the first time. Thereby, we anticipate that it is a reliable and attractive approach to develop versatile NMNCs through the surfactant-free synthesis for further applications in biological research.
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Photosensitizers play a critical role in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Multifunctional organic nanoparticles (NPs) that possess bright fluorescence in aggregates, high singlet oxygen (1O2) quantum yield, near-infrared (NIR) absorption and emission, large Stokes shift, two-photon bioimaging, specific organelle targeting, high PDT efficiency, as well as good biocompatibility and photostability are ideal candidate photosensitizers for image-guided PDT. Due to its enhanced fluorescence and high 1O2 generation efficiency in aggregate states, photosensitizers with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics have attracted increasing interest in PDT. In this study, a new AIE-active Schiff base 5-(((5-(7-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-4-yl)thiophen-2-yl)methylene)amino)-3-methylthiophene-2,4-dicarbonitrile (TBTDC) based on a D-A-π-A skeleton has been designed and synthesized, and it can be readily encapsulated by Pluronic F-127 to form uniform nanoparticles. TBTDC NPs exhibit bright NIR emission at 825 nm with a Stokes shift up to 300 nm, impressive two-photon bioimaging capability with tissue penetration deep into 300 µm, high 1O2 generation quantum yield (0.552), specific targeting to lysosome, as well as good biocompatibility and photostability. Furthermore, TBTDC NPs present remarkable cytotoxicity for tumor cells and suppression of tumor growth in nude mice through reactive oxygen species generation upon white light irradiation. These results reveal that TBTDC NPs have great potential to become excellent candidates for multifunctional organic photosensitizers for two-photon bioimaging and image-guided PDT and are promising in future clinical applications.
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Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Imagen Óptica , Fotoquimioterapia , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/farmacología , Animales , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Antineoplásicos/química , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Teoría Funcional de la Densidad , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Humanos , Rayos Infrarrojos , Neoplasias Mamarias Experimentales/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Mamarias Experimentales/tratamiento farmacológico , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Desnudos , Estructura Molecular , Nanopartículas/química , Tamaño de la Partícula , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/síntesis química , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/química , Poloxámero/química , Poloxámero/farmacología , Bases de Schiff/síntesis química , Bases de Schiff/química , Bases de Schiff/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Oliver) is an important pest of palms that causes significant damage by boring into and feeding within palm stem tissues. Here, we studied the proteolytic process of Cry3Aa in the RPW to understand the mechanism of Cry toxicity. The bioassays showed that Cry3Aa toxin is weakly toxic to the RPW. Proteolytic activation assays indicated the Cry3Aa protein is digested into smaller fragments than the 55-kDa activated fragments under different conditions. In particular, at higher mass ratios of gut protease and Cry3Aa protein (5:1, 2:1, and 1:1, respectively), and at 36.9°C for 16 h in a solution of pH 8.6, the Cry3Aa protoxin is over-digested by the gut proteases of weevil larvae. Moreover, the zymogram analysis of the gut proteases revealed the RPW larvae harbors intestinal digestive enzymes mainly composed of serine proteases. This study describes the proteolytic activation process of Cry3Aa in the midgut of RPW larvae.
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Toxinas de Bacillus thuringiensis , Escarabajos , Endotoxinas , Proteínas Hemolisinas , Gorgojos , Animales , Bacillus thuringiensis , Larva , Péptido HidrolasasRESUMEN
BACKGROUD: Insect biogenic amines play important roles in mediating behavioral and physiological processes. They exert their effects by binding to biogenic amine receptors (BARs), which are specific receptor proteins in the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily. BAR genes have been cloned and characterized from multiple model insects, including Drosophila melanogaster, Anopheles gambiae, Bombyx mori, Apis mellifera and Tribolium castaneum. However, relatively little work has addressed the molecular properties, expression profiles, and pharmacological characterization of BARs from other insects, including important pests. RESULTS: In this study, we cloned 17 genes encoding putative biogenic amine receptor proteins from Plutella xylostella, a global pest of Brassica crops. These PxBAR genes were five octopamine receptors (PxOA1, PxOA2B1, PxOA2B2, PxOA2B3, and PxOA3), three tyramine receptors (PxTAR1A, PxTAR1B, and PxTAR2), four dopamine receptors (PxDOP1, PxDOP2, PxDOP3, and PxDopEcR), and five serotonin receptors (Px5-HT1A , Px5-HT1B , Px5-HT2A , Px5-HT2B , and Px5-HT7 ). All PxBARs showed considerable sequence identity with orthologous BARs, and phylogenetic analysis clustered the receptors within their respective groups while preserving organismal evolutionary relationships. We investigated their molecular properties and expression profiles, and pharmacologically characterized the dopamine receptor, PxDOP2. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides important information and resources on biogenic amine receptors from P. xylostella, which suggests potential target sites for controlling this pest species. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Proteínas de Insectos , Mariposas Nocturnas , Receptores de Amina Biogénica , Animales , Proteínas de Insectos/genética , Mariposas Nocturnas/genética , Filogenia , Receptores de Amina Biogénica/genéticaRESUMEN
Therapeutic peptides have attracted significant attention in clinical applications due to their advantages in biological origination and good biocompatibility. However, the therapeutic performance of peptides is usually hindered by their short half-lives in blood and inferior activity. Herein, supramolecular nanodrugs of therapeutic peptides are constructed by covalent assembly of chemotherapeutic peptides through genipin cross-linking. The resulting nanodrugs have intense absorbance in the near-infrared region and high photothermal conversion efficiencies, leading to the possibility of photothermal therapy. The combination of photothermal therapy and chemotherapy using the nanodrugs shows synergistic therapeutic effects on cancer cells. Hence, covalent assembly not only maintains the chemotherapeutic activities of the peptides but also triggers supramolecular photothermal effects, demonstrating that the covalent assembly of therapeutic peptides through genipin cross-linking is an efficient approach in constructing supramolecular nanodrugs toward synergistic anticancer therapy.
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Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Nanopartículas/química , Péptidos/farmacología , Fotoquimioterapia , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Antineoplásicos/química , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Humanos , Sustancias Macromoleculares/síntesis química , Sustancias Macromoleculares/química , Sustancias Macromoleculares/farmacología , Conformación Molecular , Tamaño de la Partícula , Péptidos/síntesis química , Péptidos/química , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/síntesis química , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/químicaRESUMEN
Phloeosinus perlatus Chapuis, 1875 (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) is a major boring pest of Chinese firs. The length of the complete mitochondria genome of P. perlatus was 17,054 bp with 29.7% GC content, including 30.0% A, 11.3% C, 18.4% G and 40.3% T. The genome encoded 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs, and 2 rRNAs. Phylogenetic analysis showed that P. perlatus was closely related to Scolytus seulensis. This study provided useful genetic information for the subsequent studying the prevention of P. perlatus.
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In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of Monochamus dubius Gahan 1894. The results showed that the length of complete mitochondrial genome was 16,029 bp with 22.22% GC content, containing 39.4% A, 38.4% T, 13.4% C, 8.8% G. There were 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNA), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNA) and one AT-rich region. Phylogenetic analysis showed that M. dubius was clustered with Monochamus urussovii and Monochamus alternatus alternatus, and confirmed the sister relationship among the genus Monochamus, Anoplophora, and Aristobia from Cerambycidae. The complete mitogenome of M. dubius would help understand the classification and phylogeny of Chrysomeloidea.
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In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Arhopalus unicolor was first sequenced. The length of the complete mitochondria genome of A. unicolor was 15,760 bp with 19.0% GC content, including 40.5% A, 10.8% C, 8.2% G and 40.5% T. There were 13 protein-coding genes (CDS), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNA), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNA), and an AT-rich region. Phylogenetic analysis showed that A. unicolor was closely related to Spondylis buprestoides. This study provides useful genetic information for subsequent prevention of A. unicolor.
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Sipalus gigas is the main pine-hole borer of Pinus. The length of the complete mitochondria genome of S. gigas was 17,120 bp with 33.6% GC content, there were 35 genes including 13 protein-coding genes (CDS), 20 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs). This study provides useful genetic information for subsequent studying the prevention of S. gigas.
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BACKGROUND: To systematically assess the quality of reports of clinical trials of stem cell for heart diseases published in Chinese. METHODS: The quality of reports was assessed according to the CONSORT statement and the Jadad score. The association between the CONSORT scores and the reported therapeutic effects was evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 36 randomized clinical trials were identified, and 1552 patients were included. The mean CONSORT score was 7.06 (SD = 2.99). The proportion of reports with a Jadad score of 3 was 8.33%. The improvement of left ventricular function, myocardial perfusion area, left ventricular diastolic diameter, and cardiac output decreased with the increase in the CONSORT score. CONCLUSIONS: The percentages of high-quality reports published in Chinese on stem cell therapy for heart diseases are low. Although stem cell transplantation seems promising for heart diseases, high-quality studies are needed to verify the conclusionsï¼.