The Fibrosis-5 Index Predicts Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

This study aimed to evaluate the fibrosis-5 (FIB-5) index as a marker of liver fibrosis for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A total of 406 STEMI patients were enrolled in the study. Over an average follow-up of 27 months, 143 of the patients developed MACE. The patients were subgrouped into tertiles based on the FIB-5 index and Kaplan-Meier survival (MACE-free) curves were plotted, showing statistically significant differences (log-rank test, P < .001). In the adjusted Cox regression model, the hazard ratio (HR) of MACE was 1.95 (95% CI 1.21-3.13; P = .006) in tertile 3 and 0.98 (95% CI 0.97-1.00; P = .013) for per unit increase in the FIB-5 index. The area under the curve (AUC) of the FIB-5 index predicting the occurrence of MACE in STEMI patients after PCI was 0.645 (95% CI 0.590-0.701; P < .001). Low FIB-5 may be a useful predictor of MACE in STEMI patients undergoing PCI.

Design and Motion Analysis of a Soft-Limb Robot Inspired by Bacterial Flagella.

Soft robots demonstrate an impressive ability to adapt to objects and environments. However, current soft mobile robots often use a single mode of movement. This gives soft robots good locomotion performance in specific environments but poor performance in others. In this paper, we propose a leg-wheel mechanism inspired by bacterial flagella and use it to design a leg-wheel robot. This mechanism employs a tendon-driven continuum structure to replicate the bacterial flagellar filaments, while servo and gear components mimic the action of bacterial flagellar motors. By utilizing twisting and swinging motions of the continuum structure, the robot achieves both wheeled and legged locomotion. The paper provides comprehensive descriptions and detailed kinematic analysis of the mechanism and the robot. To verify the feasibility of the robot, a prototype was implemented, and experiments were performed on legged mode, wheeled mode, and post-overturning motion. The experimental results demonstrate that the robot can achieve legged and wheeled motions. Moreover, it is also demonstrated that the robot still has mobility after overturning. This expands the applicability scenarios of the current soft mobile robot.

Dual Modification of P3-Type Layered Cathodes to Achieve High Capacity and Long Cyclability for Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have garnered extensive attentions in recent years as a low-cost alternative to lithium-ion batteries. However, achieving both high capacity and long cyclability in cathode materials remains a challenge for SIB commercialization. P3-type Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 cathodes exhibit high capacity and prominent Na+ diffusion kinetics but suffer from serious capacity decay and structural deterioration due to stress accumulation and phase transformations upon cycling. In this work, a dual modification strategy with both morphology control and element doping is applied to modify the structure and optimize the properties of the P3-type Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 cathode. The modified Na0.67Ni0.26Cu0.07Mn0.67O2 layered cathode with hollow porous microrod structure exhibits an excellent reversible capacity of 167.5 mAh g-1 at 150 mA g-1 and maintains a capacity above 95 mAh g-1 after 300 cycles at 750 mA g-1. For one thing, the specific morphology shortens the Na+ diffusion pathway and releases stress during cycling, leading to excellent rate performance and high cyclability. For another, Cu doping at the Ni site reduces the Na+ diffusion energy barrier and mitigates unfavorable phase transitions. This work demonstrates that the electrochemical performance of P3-type cathodes can be significantly improved by applying a dual modification strategy, resulting in reduced stress accumulation and optimized Na+ migration behavior for high-performance SIBs.

Donkey genomes provide new insights into domestication and selection for coat color.

Current knowledge about the evolutionary history of donkeys is still incomplete due to the lack of archeological and whole-genome diversity data. To fill this gap, we have de novo assembled a chromosome-level reference genome of one male Dezhou donkey and analyzed the genomes of 126 domestic donkeys and seven wild asses. Population genomics analyses indicate that donkeys were domesticated in Africa and conclusively show reduced levels of Y chromosome variability and discordant paternal and maternal histories, possibly reflecting the consequences of reproductive management. We also investigate the genetic basis of coat color. While wild asses show diluted gray pigmentation (Dun phenotype), domestic donkeys display non-diluted black or chestnut coat colors (non-Dun) that were probably established during domestication. Here, we show that the non-Dun phenotype is caused by a 1 bp deletion downstream of the TBX3 gene, which decreases the expression of this gene and its inhibitory effect on pigment deposition.

Analysis of combined resistance to oxazolidinones and phenicols among bacteria from dogs fed with raw meat/vegetables and the respective food items.

The gene optrA is the first gene that confers resistance to the oxazolidinone tedizolid, a last resort antimicrobial agent in human medicine. In this study we investigated the presence of optrA and the multi-resistance genes poxtA and cfr in enterococci and staphylococci from (i) pet animals known to be fed raw meat and vegetables and (ii) the respective food items. We examined 341 bacterial isolates from cats and dogs, 195 bacterial isolates from supermarket food items and only one E. faecium collected from industrial food in Beijing during 2016. Thirty-five (6.5%) of the 537 isolates, including 31/376 (8.2%) enterococci and 4/161 (2.5%) staphylococci, were positive for optrA, while all isolates were negative for poxtA and cfr. S1-nuclease pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and Southern blotting confirmed that optrA was located in the chromosomal DNA of 19 isolates and on a plasmid in the remaining 16 isolates. Whole genome sequencing revealed several different genetic environments of optrA in plasmid- or chromosome-borne optrA genes. PFGE, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and/or SNP analysis demonstrated that the optrA-carrying Staphylococcus and Enterococcus isolates were genetically heterogeneous. However, in single cases, groups of related isolates were identified which might suggest a transfer of closely related optrA-positive E. faecalis isolates between food items and dogs.

Characterization of complete mitochondrial genome of Dezhou donkey (Equus asinus) and evolutionary analysis.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been widely used in species identification and genetic diversification. Comparisons among mtDNAs of closely related species are valuable for phylogenetic studies. However, only the partial mtDNA Cytb gene and the D-loop sequences were used to analysis the phylogenetic relationship between donkey breeds due to lack of complete mitochondrial genome. Dezhou donkey, as a bigger somatotype ass, is one of Chinese domestic donkey breeds, and used by many places as breeding stock. To further investigate the phylogenetic relationship of Dezhou donkey with other breeds, the complete mtDNA was firstly sequenced and de novo assembled using next generation sequence data from total genomic DNA. The genome was 16,813 bp in length (NCBI submission number: KT182635) and contained 13 protein coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 25 transfer RNA genes, and 1 control region. Based on the novel complete mtDNA sequence, the sequences of 13 protein coding genes and 2 ribosomal RNA genes were amplifying in other 2 Dezhou donkeys and 3 Yunnan donkeys, respectively. The pattern of genetic variation in horse, wild ass and domestic donkeys among these 15 genes indicated the sequence polymorphisms. The more accurate phylogenetic relationships of donkey species (Dezhou donkey, Yunnan donkey and previously published donkeys) were first obtained using the combined sequences of 12S rRNA+16S rRNA+13 protein-coding genes. Molecular-based phylogeny supported the hypothesis that Chinese domestic donkey breeds may have originated from Somali wild ass, not from Asian wild ass by analyzing mitochondrial genomes.

De Novo Assembly of the Donkey White Blood Cell Transcriptome and a Comparative Analysis of Phenotype-Associated Genes between Donkeys and Horses.

Prior to the mechanization of agriculture and labor-intensive tasks, humans used donkeys (Equus africanus asinus) for farm work and packing. However, as mechanization increased, donkeys have been increasingly raised for meat, milk, and fur in China. To maintain the development of the donkey industry, breeding programs should focus on traits related to these new uses. Compared to conventional marker-assisted breeding plans, genome- and transcriptome-based selection methods are more efficient and effective. To analyze the coding genes of the donkey genome, we assembled the transcriptome of donkey white blood cells de novo. Using transcriptomic deep-sequencing data, we identified 264,714 distinct donkey unigenes and predicted 38,949 protein fragments. We annotated the donkey unigenes by BLAST searches against the non-redundant (NR) protein database. We also compared the donkey protein sequences with those of the horse (E. caballus) and wild horse (E. przewalskii), and linked the donkey protein fragments with mammalian phenotypes. As the outer ear size of donkeys and horses are obviously different, we compared the outer ear size-associated proteins in donkeys and horses. We identified three ear size-associated proteins, HIC1, PRKRA, and KMT2A, with sequence differences among the donkey, horse, and wild horse loci. Since the donkey genome sequence has not been released, the de novo assembled donkey transcriptome is helpful for preliminary investigations of donkey cultivars and for genetic improvement.

Strong and stable doping of carbon nanotubes and graphene by MoOx for transparent electrodes.

MoO(x) has been used for organic semiconductor doping, but it had been considered an inefficient and/or unstable dopant. We report that MoO(x) can strongly and stably dope carbon nanotubes and graphene. Thermally annealed MoO(x)-CNT composites can form durable thin film electrodes with sheet resistances of 100 Ω/sq at 85% transmittance plain and 85 Ω/sq at 83% transmittance with a PEDOT:PSS adlayer. Sheet resistances change less than 10% over 20 days in ambient and less than 2% with overnight heating to 300 °C in air. The MoO(x) can be easily deposited either by thermal evaporation or from solution-based precursors. Excellent stability coupled with high conductivity makes MoO(x)-CNT composites extremely attractive candidates for practical transparent electrodes.

The first naturally occurring thiepinols and thienol from an endolichenic fungus Coniochaeta sp.

Coniothiepinols A (1) and B (2) and coniothienol A (3), the first naturally occurring thiepinols (1 and 2) and thienol (3), have been isolated from the crude extract of an endolichenic fungus Coniochaeta sp. 1 possesses a unique 8-oxa-2-thia-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane skeleton, and its structure was assigned by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. 1 showed significant activity against the gram-positive bacteria, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis.

Oxepinochromenones, furochromenone, and their putative precursors from the endolichenic fungus Coniochaeta sp.

Six new polyketides including four oxepinochromenones, conioxepinols A-D (1-4), one furochromenone, coniofurol A (5), and one xanthone, conioxanthone A (6), have been isolated from the crude extract of the endolichenic fungus Coniochaeta sp. The absolute configurations of C-7 in 1 and the 7,8-diol moiety in 3 were assigned using the modified Mosher's and Snatzke's method, respectively, whereas that of C-8 in 5 was deduced via the circular dichroism data of the [Rh(2)(OCOCF(3))(4)] complex. Compounds 2-4 showed modest cytotoxicity against a small panel of human tumor cell lines.