RESUMEN
Structure-activity relationship studies directed toward the replacement of the fused phenyl ring of the lead hexahydrobenzoindole RORγt inverse agonist series represented by 1 with heterocyclic moieties led to the identification of three novel aza analogs 5-7. The hexahydropyrrolo[3,2-f]quinoline series 5 (X = N, Y = Z=CH) showed potency and metabolic stability comparable to series 1 but with improved in vitro membrane permeability and serum free fraction. This structural modification was applied to the hexahydrocyclopentanaphthalene series 3, culminating in the discovery of 8e as a potent and selective RORγt inverse agonist with an excellent in vitro profile, good pharmacokinetic properties, and biologic-like in vivo efficacy in preclinical models of rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis.
RESUMEN
SAR efforts directed at identifying RORγt inverse agonists structurally different from our clinical compound 1 (BMS-986251) led to tricyclic-carbocyclic analogues represented by 3-7 and culminated in the identification of 3d (BMS-986313), with structural differences distinct from 1. The X-ray co-crystal structure of 3d with the ligand binding domain of RORγt revealed several key interactions, which are different from 1. The in vitro and in vivo PK profiles of 3d are described. In addition, we demonstrate robust efficacy of 3d in two preclinical models of psoriasis-the IMQ-induced skin lesion model and the IL-23-induced acanthosis model. The efficacy seen with 3d in these models is comparable to the results observed with 1.
Asunto(s)
Amidas/uso terapéutico , Hidrocarburos Cíclicos/uso terapéutico , Miembro 3 del Grupo F de la Subfamilia 1 de Receptores Nucleares/antagonistas & inhibidores , Psoriasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Amidas/química , Amidas/farmacocinética , Animales , Agonismo Inverso de Drogas , Femenino , Humanos , Hidrocarburos Cíclicos/química , Hidrocarburos Cíclicos/farmacocinética , Interleucina-23 , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Microsomas Hepáticos/metabolismo , Estructura Molecular , Psoriasis/inducido químicamente , Ratas , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
The discovery of a series of substituted diarylether compounds as retinoic acid related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) agonists is described. Compound 1 was identified from deck mining as a RORγt agonist. Hit-to-lead optimization led to the identification of lead compound 5, which possesses improved potency (10x). Extensive SAR exploration led to the identification of a potent and selective compound 22, that demonstrated an improved pharmacokinetic profile and a dose-dependent pharmacodynamic response. However, when dosed in a MC38 syngeneic tumor model, no evidence of efficacy was observed. ©2020 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Asunto(s)
Éteres/farmacología , Miembro 3 del Grupo F de la Subfamilia 1 de Receptores Nucleares/agonistas , Tretinoina/farmacología , Animales , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Éteres/síntesis química , Éteres/química , Humanos , Ratones , Modelos Moleculares , Estructura Molecular , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Células Th17 , Tretinoina/síntesis química , Tretinoina/químicaRESUMEN
Employing a virtual screening approach, we identified the pyroglutamide moiety as a nonacid replacement for the cyclohexanecarboxylic acid group which, when coupled to our previously reported conformationally locked tricyclic core, provided potent and selective RORγt inverse agonists. Structure-activity relationship optimization of the pyroglutamide moiety led to the identification of compound 18 as a potent and selective RORγt inverse agonist, albeit with poor aqueous solubility. We took advantage of the tertiary carbinol group in 18 to synthesize a phosphate prodrug, which provided good solubility, excellent exposures in mouse PK studies, and significant efficacy in a mouse model of psoriasis.
RESUMEN
In order to rapidly develop C6 and C8 SAR of our reported tricyclic sulfone series of RORγt inverse agonists, a late-stage bromination was employed. Although not regioselective, the bromination protocol allowed us to explore new substitution patterns/vectors that otherwise would have to be incorporated at the very beginning of the synthesis. Based on the SAR obtained from this exercise, compound 15 bearing a C8 fluorine was developed as a very potent and selective RORγt inverse agonist. This analog's in vitro profile, pharmacokinetic (PK) data and efficacy in an IL-23 induced mouse acanthosis model will be discussed.
Asunto(s)
Compuestos Heterocíclicos con 3 Anillos/uso terapéutico , Melanosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Miembro 3 del Grupo F de la Subfamilia 1 de Receptores Nucleares/antagonistas & inhibidores , Sulfonas/uso terapéutico , Animales , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Agonismo Inverso de Drogas , Femenino , Compuestos Heterocíclicos con 3 Anillos/síntesis química , Compuestos Heterocíclicos con 3 Anillos/farmacocinética , Interleucina-18 , Masculino , Melanosis/inducido químicamente , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Estructura Molecular , Miembro 3 del Grupo F de la Subfamilia 1 de Receptores Nucleares/metabolismo , Unión Proteica , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Sulfonas/síntesis química , Sulfonas/farmacocinéticaRESUMEN
In an effort to discover oral inverse agonists of RORγt to treat inflammatory diseases, a new 2,6-difluorobenzyl ether series of cyclopentyl sulfones were found to be surprisingly more potent than the corresponding alcohol derivatives. When combined with a more optimized phenyl ((R)-3-phenylpyrrolidin-3-yl)sulfone template, the 2,6-difluorobenzyl ethers yielded a set of very potent RORγt inverse agonists (e.g., compound 26, RORγt Gal4 EC50 11 nM) that are highly selective against PXR, LXRα and LXRß. After optimizing for stability in human and mouse liver microsomes, compounds 29 and 38 were evaluated in vivo and found to have good oral bioavailability (56% and 101%, respectively) in mice. X-ray co-crystal structure of compound 27 in RORγt revealed that the bulky benzyl ether group causes helix 11 of the protein to partially uncoil to create a new, enlarged binding site, which nicely accommodates the benzyl ether moiety, leading to net potency gain.
Asunto(s)
Miembro 3 del Grupo F de la Subfamilia 1 de Receptores Nucleares/antagonistas & inhibidores , Pirrolidinas/farmacología , Sulfonas/farmacología , Animales , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Descubrimiento de Drogas , Agonismo Inverso de Drogas , Estabilidad de Medicamentos , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Ratones , Microsomas Hepáticos/metabolismo , Estructura Molecular , Miembro 3 del Grupo F de la Subfamilia 1 de Receptores Nucleares/metabolismo , Pirrolidinas/síntesis química , Pirrolidinas/metabolismo , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Sulfonas/síntesis química , Sulfonas/metabolismoRESUMEN
A novel series of cis-3,4-diphenylpyrrolidines were designed as RORγt inverse agonists based on the binding conformation of previously reported bicyclic sulfonamide 1. Preliminary synthesis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) study established (3S,4S)-3-methyl-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-hydroxyprop-2-yl)phenyl)pyrrolidine as the most effective scaffold. Subsequent SAR optimization led to identification of a piperidinyl carboxamide 31, which was potent against RORγt (EC50 of 61 nM in an inverse agonist assay), selective relative to RORα, RORß, LXRα and LXRß, and stable in human and mouse liver microsomes. Furthermore, compound 31 exhibited considerably lower PXR Ymax (46%) and emerged as a promising lead. The binding mode of the diphenylpyrrolidine series was established with an X-ray co-crystal structure of 10A/RORγt.
Asunto(s)
Diseño de Fármacos , Miembro 3 del Grupo F de la Subfamilia 1 de Receptores Nucleares/metabolismo , Pirrolidinas/química , Animales , Sitios de Unión , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Agonismo Inverso de Drogas , Humanos , Ratones , Microsomas Hepáticos/metabolismo , Simulación de Dinámica Molecular , Miembro 3 del Grupo F de la Subfamilia 1 de Receptores Nucleares/agonistas , Receptor X de Pregnano/agonistas , Receptor X de Pregnano/metabolismo , Pirrolidinas/síntesis química , Pirrolidinas/metabolismo , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
RORγt is the master regulator of the IL-23/IL-17 axis, a pathway that is clinically validated for the treatment of various immunological disorders. Over the last few years, our group has reported different chemotypes that potently act as inverse agonists of RORγt. One of them, the tricyclic pyrrolidine chemotype, has demonstrated biologic-like preclinical efficacy and has led to our clinical candidate BMS-986251. In this letter, we discuss the invention of an annulation reaction which enabled the synthesis of a tricyclic exocyclic amide chemotype and the identification of compounds with RORγt inverse agonist activity. Preliminary structure activity relationships are disclosed.
Asunto(s)
Amidas/química , Hidrocarburos Cíclicos/química , Miembro 3 del Grupo F de la Subfamilia 1 de Receptores Nucleares/antagonistas & inhibidores , Sulfonas/química , Amidas/síntesis química , Amidas/metabolismo , Animales , Ciclización , Agonismo Inverso de Drogas , Humanos , Hidrocarburos Cíclicos/síntesis química , Hidrocarburos Cíclicos/metabolismo , Ratones , Microsomas Hepáticos/metabolismo , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Estructura Molecular , Miembro 3 del Grupo F de la Subfamilia 1 de Receptores Nucleares/metabolismo , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Sulfonas/síntesis química , Sulfonas/metabolismoRESUMEN
Novel tricyclic analogues were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as RORγt inverse agonists. Several of these compounds were potent in an IL-17 human whole blood assay and exhibited excellent oral bioavailability in mouse pharmacokinetic studies. This led to the identification of compound 5, which displayed dose-dependent inhibition of IL-17F production in a mouse IL-2/IL-23 stimulated pharmacodynamic model. In addition, compound 5 was studied in mouse acanthosis and imiquimod-induced models of skin inflammation, where it demonstrated robust efficacy comparable to a positive control. As a result of this excellent overall profile, compound 5 (BMS-986251) was selected as a clinically viable developmental candidate.
RESUMEN
Substituted benzyloxy aryl compound 2 was identified as an RORγt agonist. Structure based drug design efforts resulted in a potent and selective tricyclic compound 19 which, when administered orally in an MC38 mouse tumor model, demonstrated a desired pharmacokinetic profile as well as a dose-dependent pharmacodynamic response. However, no perceptible efficacy was observed in this tumor model at the doses investigated.
Asunto(s)
Compuestos de Bencilo/farmacología , Compuestos Heterocíclicos/farmacología , Receptores de Ácido Retinoico/agonistas , Animales , Compuestos de Bencilo/química , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Compuestos Heterocíclicos/química , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Estructura Molecular , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Receptor de Ácido Retinoico gammaRESUMEN
Necroptosis has been implicated in a variety of disease states, and RIPK3 is one of the kinases identified to play a critical role in this signaling pathway. In an effort to identify RIPK3 kinase inhibitors with a novel profile, mechanistic studies were incorporated at the hit triage stage. Utilization of these assays enabled identification of a Type II DFG-out inhibitor for RIPK3, which was confirmed by protein crystallography. Structure-based drug design on the inhibitors targeting this previously unreported conformation enabled an enhancement in selectivity against key off-target kinases.
RESUMEN
RORγt is an important nuclear receptor that regulates the production of several pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-17 and IL-22. As a result, RORγt has been identified as a potential target for the treatment of various immunological disorders such as psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Structure and computer-assisted drug design led to the identification of a novel series of tricyclic RORγt inverse agonists with significantly improved in vitro activity in the reporter (Gal4) and human whole blood assays compared to our previous chemotype. Through careful structure activity relationship, several potent and selective RORγt inverse agonists have been identified. Pharmacokinetic studies allowed the identification of the lead molecule 32 with a low peak-to-trough ratio. This molecule showed excellent activity in an IL-2/IL-23-induced mouse pharmacodynamic study and demonstrated biologic-like efficacy in an IL-23-induced preclinical model of psoriasis.
Asunto(s)
Diseño de Fármacos , Agonismo Inverso de Drogas , Miembro 3 del Grupo F de la Subfamilia 1 de Receptores Nucleares/agonistas , Pirrolidinas/farmacología , Animales , Humanos , Células Jurkat , Ratones , Modelos Moleculares , Miembro 3 del Grupo F de la Subfamilia 1 de Receptores Nucleares/química , Conformación Proteica , Pirrolidinas/química , Pirrolidinas/farmacocinética , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Distribución TisularRESUMEN
An X-ray crystal structure of one of our previously discovered RORγt inverse agonists bound to the RORγt ligand binding domain revealed that the cyclohexane carboxylic acid group of compound 2 plays a significant role in RORγt binding, forming four hydrogen bonding and ionic interactions with RORγt. SAR studies centered around the cyclohexane carboxylic acid group led to identification of several structurally diverse and more potent compounds, including new carboxylic acid analogues 7 and 20, and cyclic sulfone analogues 34 and 37. Notably, compounds 7 and 20 were found to maintain the desirable pharmacokinetic profile of 2.
Asunto(s)
Miembro 3 del Grupo F de la Subfamilia 1 de Receptores Nucleares/agonistas , Pirrolidinas/farmacología , Sulfonas/farmacología , Administración Oral , Animales , Disponibilidad Biológica , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Agonismo Inverso de Drogas , Humanos , Ratones , Modelos Moleculares , Estructura Molecular , Pirrolidinas/administración & dosificación , Pirrolidinas/química , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Sulfonas/administración & dosificación , Sulfonas/químicaRESUMEN
A new phenyl (3-phenylpyrrolidin-3-yl)sulfone series of RORγt inverse agonists was discovered utilizing the binding conformation of previously reported bicyclic sulfonamide 1. Through a combination of structure-based design and structure-activity relationship studies, a polar set of amides at N1-position of the pyrrolidine ring and perfluoroisopropyl group at para-position of the 3-phenyl group were identified as critical structural elements to achieve high selectivity against PXR, LXRα, and LXRß. Further optimization led to the discovery of (1R,4r)-4-((R)-3-((4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl)-3-(4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl)pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid (26), which displayed excellent selectivity, desirable liability and pharmacokinetic properties in vitro, and a good pharmacokinetic profile in mouse. Oral administration of 26 demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of IL-17 production in a mouse IL-2/IL-23-induced pharmacodynamic model and biologic-like efficacy in an IL-23-induced mouse acanthosis model.
RESUMEN
We disclose the optimization of a high throughput screening hit to yield benzothiazine and tetrahydroquinoline sulfonamides as potent RORγt inverse agonists. However, a majority of these compounds showed potent activity against pregnane X receptor (PXR) and modest activity against liver X receptor α (LXRα). Structure-based drug design (SBDD) led to the identification of benzothiazine and tetrahydroquinoline sulfonamide analogs which completely dialed out LXRα activity and were less potent at PXR. Pharmacodynamic (PD) data for compound 35 in an IL-23 induced IL-17 mouse model is discussed along with the implications of a high Ymax in the PXR assay for long term preclinical pharmacokinetic (PK) studies.
Asunto(s)
Compuestos Bicíclicos con Puentes/farmacología , Diseño de Fármacos , Propanoles/farmacología , Receptores de Ácido Retinoico/agonistas , Receptores de Esteroides/agonistas , Sulfonamidas/farmacología , Animales , Compuestos Bicíclicos con Puentes/síntesis química , Compuestos Bicíclicos con Puentes/química , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Humanos , Receptores X del Hígado/agonistas , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Modelos Moleculares , Estructura Molecular , Receptor X de Pregnano , Propanoles/síntesis química , Propanoles/química , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Sulfonamidas/síntesis química , Sulfonamidas/química , Receptor de Ácido Retinoico gammaRESUMEN
The identification of small molecule inhibitors of IRAK4 for the treatment of autoimmune diseases has been an area of intense research. We discovered novel 4,6-diaminonicotinamides which potently inhibit IRAK4. Optimization efforts were aided by X-ray crystal structures of inhibitors bound to IRAK4. Structure activity relationship (SAR) studies led to the identification of compound 29 which exhibited sub-micromolar potency in a LTA stimulated cellular assay.
Asunto(s)
Diseño de Fármacos , Quinasas Asociadas a Receptores de Interleucina-1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Niacinamida/química , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/química , Sitios de Unión , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Humanos , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Quinasas Asociadas a Receptores de Interleucina-1/metabolismo , Janus Quinasa 3/química , Janus Quinasa 3/metabolismo , Conformación Molecular , Simulación de Dinámica Molecular , Niacinamida/metabolismo , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/metabolismo , Estructura Terciaria de Proteína , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
PI3Kδ plays an important role controlling immune cell function and has therefore been identified as a potential target for the treatment of immunological disorders. This article highlights our work toward the identification of a potent, selective, and efficacious PI3Kδ inhibitor. Through careful SAR, the successful replacement of a polar pyrazole group by a simple chloro or trifluoromethyl group led to improved Caco-2 permeability, reduced Caco-2 efflux, reduced hERG PC activity, and increased selectivity profile while maintaining potency in the CD69 hWB assay. The optimization of the aryl substitution then identified a 4'-CN group that improved the human/rodent correlation in microsomal metabolic stability. Our lead molecule is very potent in PK/PD assays and highly efficacious in a mouse collagen-induced arthritis model.
Asunto(s)
Artritis Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Inhibidores de las Quinasa Fosfoinosítidos-3 , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Animales , Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Antígenos de Diferenciación de Linfocitos T/metabolismo , Células CACO-2/efectos de los fármacos , Células CACO-2/inmunología , Perros , Canal de Potasio ERG1/metabolismo , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Femenino , Humanos , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/tratamiento farmacológico , Isoenzimas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Isoenzimas/metabolismo , Lectinas Tipo C/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Pirazoles/química , Pirazoles/metabolismo , Pirazoles/farmacología , ConejosRESUMEN
Selective PI3Kδ inhibitors have recently been hypothesized to be appropriate immunosuppressive agents for the treatment of immunological disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. However, few reports have highlighted molecules that are highly selective for PI3Kδ over the other PI3K isoforms. In this letter, isoform and kinome selective PI3Kδ inhibitors are presented. The Structural Activity Relationship leading to such molecules is outlined.
Asunto(s)
Inhibidores de las Quinasa Fosfoinosítidos-3 , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Humanos , Ratones , Modelos Moleculares , Estructura Molecular , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/síntesis química , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/química , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
As demonstrated in preclinical animal models, the disruption of PI3Kδ expression or its activity leads to a decrease in inflammatory and immune responses. Therefore, inhibition of PI3Kδ may provide an alternative treatment for autoimmune diseases, such as RA, SLE, and respiratory ailments. Herein, we disclose the identification of 7-(3-(piperazin-1-yl)phenyl)pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4-amine derivatives as highly potent, selective and orally bioavailable PI3Kδ inhibitors. The lead compound demonstrated efficacy in an in vivo mouse KLH model.
Asunto(s)
Aminas/química , Inhibidores de las Quinasa Fosfoinosítidos-3 , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/química , Aminas/metabolismo , Aminas/uso terapéutico , Animales , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/tratamiento farmacológico , Sitios de Unión , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasa Clase I , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Humanos , Ratones , Microsomas Hepáticos/metabolismo , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Piperazina , Piperazinas/química , Isoformas de Proteínas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Isoformas de Proteínas/metabolismo , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/metabolismo , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/uso terapéutico , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Triazinas/químicaRESUMEN
Aberrant Class I PI3K signaling is a key factor contributing to many immunological disorders and cancers. We have identified 4-amino pyrrolotriazine as a novel chemotype that selectively inhibits PI3Kδ signaling despite not binding to the specificity pocket of PI3Kδ isoform. Structure activity relationship (SAR) led to the identification of compound 30 that demonstrated efficacy in mouse Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) and collagen induced arthritis (CIA) models.