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ABSTRACT Introduction: Tufting enteropathy is a rare cause of congenital diarrhea in neonates. It is characterized by the abnormal distribution of epithelial adhesion molecules, which causes enterocytes to shed into the lumen, forming the characteristic tufts. Case summary: A 15-day-old female neonate was taken by her parents to the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital due to diarrheal stools she had been experiencing since birth. The patient presented with dehydration, abnormal weight loss, metabolic acidosis, and acute kidney failure. She received treatment with alizapride, loperamide, zinc sulfate, and probiotics, but after 75 days of treatment she was still symptomatic. An upper tract endoscopy and colonoscopy were performed, finding flattening of the villi and lymphoid cells in the lamina propria. However, the symptoms persisted, and she died at the age of ten months. A post-mortem exome sequencing reported tufting enteropathy. Conclusions. When congenital diarrhea is present, tufting enteropathy should be considered. An early molecular study would allow to evaluate the possibility of performing an intestinal transplant or modifying the treatment to meet the patient's palliative care needs.
RESUMEN Introducción. La enteropatía en penacho es una causa rara de diarrea congénita en neonatos; esta se caracteriza por una alteración de la adhesión epitelial que ocasiona desprendimiento de enterocitos hacia el lumen y, en consecuencia, forma los característicos penachos. Se describe el caso de una paciente con esta patología. Presentación del caso. Neonata de 15 días de vida, quien fue llevada por sus padres al servicio de urgencias de un hospital de tercer nivel debido a que desde su nacimiento tuvo deposiciones diarreicas y a causa de esto presentó deshidratación, pérdida de peso, acidosis metabólica e insuficiencia renal aguda. La paciente recibió manejo con alizaprida, loperamida, sulfato de zinc y probióticos, pero a los 75 días de tratamiento continuaba sintomática. Se le practicó una endoscopia de vías digestivas y una colonoscopia que mostraron aplanamiento de las vellosidades e infiltrado de células linfoides en la lámina propia. Los síntomas continuaron y la menor falleció a los 10 meses de nacida. El resultado del exoma post mortem reportó enteropatía en penacho. Conclusiones. Ante la presencia de diarrea congénita, se debe sospechar de una enteropatía en penacho y considerar el estudio molecular temprano, pues este permite evaluar la posibilidad de realizar un trasplante intestinal o modificar el tratamiento según las necesidades de cuidado paliativo del paciente.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) has changed in recent years. The present article is intended to establish differences between clinical, laboratory and imaging findings and outcomes of MSSA and MRSA infections, as well as among subgroups of infection such as skin and soft tissue infection, osteoarticular, bacteremia or pneumonia in a pediatric population from Bogota, Colombia. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study using clinical records of patients under 18 years of age treated at the participating centers in Bogota, Colombia, between 2014 and 2018. The first positive S. aureus culture was studied. MSSA and MRSA were compared. The χ2 test, Fisher exact test, and Kruskal-Wallis test were calculated, and the statistical significance was presented using the difference and its 95% CI. RESULTS: Five hundred fifty-one patients were included; 211 (38%) corresponded to MRSA and 340 (62%) to MSSA for a total of 703 cultures. A significantly higher probability of having an MSSA infection than MRSA was found in patients with previous heart disease (3.3% vs. 0.5%), neurologic disease (5.9% vs. 2.5%), recent major surgeries (11% vs. 5%) or who has an implanted device (11% vs. 4%). In contrast, in severe MRSA infections (bacteremia, osteoarticular infections and pneumonia), a higher rate of complications was seen (admission to the pediatric intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation and vasoactive support), and in osteoarticular MRSA, more than 1 surgery per case was seen (89% vs. 61%). Laboratory results and mortality were similar. CONCLUSIONS: MRSA was associated with a more severe course in bacteremia, osteoarticular infections and pneumonia. Some classical risk factors associated with MRSA infections were found to be related to MSSA. In general, with the exception of skin and soft tissue infection, there was an increased risk of pediatric intensive care unit admission and mechanical and inotropic support with MRSA in a pediatric population.
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Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/patogenicidad , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/epidemiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Staphylococcus aureus/patogenicidad , Adolescente , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios de Cohortes , Colombia/epidemiología , Femenino , Hospitalización , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Meticilina/farmacología , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Serum lactate is a useful biomarker of tissue perfusion in critically ill patients. We evaluated the behavior of serum lactate in children in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) immediately after liver transplantation and its association with surgical complications, graft dysfunction and 90-day mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective observational study carried out between November 2009 and December 2019. Multidisciplinary PICU at the University Children's Hospital, Fundación Cardioinfantil-IC, Bogotá, Colombia. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Patients between 1 month and 18 years of age who were in the immediate post-operative period following living-donor or cadaveric liver transplantation were included. A total of 145 patients with a median age of 14 months (IQR 8-60) met the inclusion criteria. Biliary atresia was the main diagnosis in 56.5% of the cases. A serum lactate level > 3.0 mmol/L on admission to the PICU was associated with biliary complications (AUC 0.73 95% CI 0.54-0.93; p = 0.05) and mortality (AUC 0.72 95% CI 0.63-0.8; p = 0.01). A lactate level > 2 mmol/L after 6 h in the PICU was associated with mortality (AUC 0.70 95% CI 0.54-0.83; p = 0.02). Higher lactate levels and lack of clearance were associated with the presence of tardus et parvus waveforms (p = 0.001) on liver Doppler, primary dysfunction (p < 0.001), arterial thrombosis (p < 0.001) and neurological complications (p = 0.04). There was an inverse correlation between admission lactate and the volume of fluids administered during surgery (rho = 0.36; p < 0.001). A total procedure time > 350 min, along with a vasopressor score > 7 and elevated lactate, were associated with worse outcomes (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In post-operative pediatric liver transplant patients, the level of serum lactate is associated with post-operative surgical complications and mortality.
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Introducción. Dentro de las infecciones bacterianas que afectan al ser humano, la infección de las vías urinarias es una de las más frecuentes, afectando hasta 150 millones de personas en el mundo cada año. El uso indiscriminado de antibióticos y su manejo inadecuado han generado un aumento en la resistencia antimicrobiana. El objetivo del presente estudio es describir patrones fenotípicos de resistencia antimicrobiana de los microorganismos más frecuentes en pacientes con diagnóstico de infección de vías urinarias en centro de referencia de Bucaramanga. Metodología. Estudio de corte transversal, muestreo no probabilístico en pacientes con sospecha o diagnóstico de infecciones de vías urinarias que requirieron manejo intrahospitalario en una institución de salud de alta complejidad durante julio del 2017 y abril del 2018, de quienes se obtuvo urocultivo y antibiograma. Resultados. De 120 pacientes incluidos, se obtuvo un reporte de 116 urocultivos. El microorganismo más frecuente fue Escherichia coli, seguido de Klebsiella pneumoniae. El primero presentó alta sensibilidad a carbapenémicos y aminoglucósidos, baja sensibilidad a la Ceftriaxona y a la Ampicilina/Sulbactam. Por otro lado, el microorganismo Klebsiella pneumoniae presentó alta sensibilidad a carbapenémicos, pero resistencia elevada a la Ampicilina/Sulbactam y a la Ceftriaxona. El antibiótico empírico más utilizado fue la Ceftriaxona. Discusión. La distribución de microorganismos aislados es comparable con la ya descrita a nivel nacional e internacional. Los perfiles de resistencia antimicrobiana tienen puntos comunes como la resistencia a los betalactámicos, pero difieren en algunos aspectos, como la resistencia a cefalosporinas y quinolonas. Conclusiones. Los microorganismos aislados presentan altas tasas de resistencia a los betalactámicos y a las cefalosporinas, las cuales son ampliamente utilizadas. Esta información debe orientar el desarrollo de protocolos que permitan optimizar la toma de decisiones clínicas con respecto a la terapia antibiótica. Cómo citar. Delgado-Serrano J, Albarracín MJ, Rangel-Vera JA, Galeano-Salazar E, Niño-Vargas D, Wilches-Cuadros MA, Et al. Perfil de resistencia antimicrobiana de aislamientos bacterianos en pacientes con infección urinaria de un centro de referencia en Bucaramanga. MedUNAB. 2020;23(3):405-413. Doi: doi.org/10.29375/01237047.3950
Introduction. Among the bacterial infections that affect human beings, urinary tract infections are one of the most common, affecting up to 150 million people worldwide each year. Indiscriminate use of antibiotics and their improper handling has generated an increase in microbial resistance. This study's objective is to describe the phenotypic patterns of antimicrobial resistance of the most frequent microorganisms in patients with urinary tract infection diagnoses in a reference center in Bucaramanga. Methodology. A cross-sectional study with non probability sampling on patients with suspected or diagnosed urinary tract infections who required hospital treatment at a high-complexity health institution during July, 2017 and April, 2018, from whom urine cultures and antibiograms were obtained. Results. Out of 120 patients, a report was obtained for 116 urine cultures. The most frequent microorganism was Escherichia coli, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae. The former presented high sensitivity to carbapenem antibiotics and aminoglycosides and low sensitivity to Ceftriaxone and Ampicillin/Sulbactam. On the other hand, the microorganism Klebsiella pneumoniae presented high sensitivity to carbapenem antibiotics, but elevated resistance to Ceftriaxone and Ampicillin/Sulbactam. The empiric antibiotic used most was Ceftriaxone. Discussion. The distribution of isolated microorganisms is comparable to that which has been described nationally and internationally. Antimicrobial resistance profiles have points in common, such as resistance to beta-lactams, but differ in some aspects, such as resistance to cephalosporins and quinolones. Conclusions. Isolated microorganisms present high rates of resistance to beta-lactams and cephalosporins, which are widely used. This information must guide developing protocols that allow optimizing clinical decision-making with respect to antibiotic therapy. Cómo citar. Delgado-Serrano J, Albarracín MJ, Rangel-Vera JA, Galeano-Salazar E, Niño-Vargas D, Wilches-Cuadros MA, Et al. Perfil de resistencia antimicrobiana de aislamientos bacterianos en pacientes con infección urinaria de un centro de referencia en Bucaramanga. MedUNAB. 2020;23(3):414-422. Doi: doi.org/10.29375/01237047.3950
Introdução. Dentre as infecções bacterianas que afetam o homem, a infecção do trato urinário é uma das mais frequentes, afetando até 150 milhões de pessoas no mundo a cada ano. O uso indiscriminado de antibióticos e seu manejo inadequado têm gerado aumento da resistência antimicrobiana. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever padrões fenotípicos de resistência antimicrobiana dos microrganismos mais frequentes em pacientes com diagnóstico de infecção do trato urinário em um centro de referência em Bucaramanga. Métodos. Estudo transversal, com amostra não probabilística, em pacientes com suspeita ou diagnóstico de ITU que precisaram de manejo intra-hospitalar em uma instituição de saúde de alta complexidade no período de julho de 2017 a abril de 2018. Foram obtidos urocultura e antibiograma desses pacientes. Resultados. De 120 pacientes incluídos, foi obtido um relatório de 116 uroculturas. O microrganismo mais frequente foi Escherichia coli, seguido por Klebsiella pneumoniae. O primeiro apresentou alta sensibilidade a carbapenêmicos e aminoglicosídeos e baixa sensibilidade a Ceftriaxona e a Ampicilina/Sulbactam. Por outro lado, o microrganismo Klebsiella pneumoniae apresentou alta sensibilidade a carbapenêmicos, mas alta resistência a Ampicilina/Sulbactam e a Ceftriaxona. O antibiótico empírico mais amplamente utilizado foi a Ceftriaxona. Discussão. A distribuição dos microrganismos isolados é comparável àquela já descrita a nível nacional e internacional. Os perfis de resistência antimicrobiana têm pontos comuns como resistência aos beta-lactâmicos, mas diferem em alguns aspectos, como resistência às cefalosporinas e quinolonas. Conclusão. Microrganismos isolados apresentam altas taxas de resistência aos beta-lactâmicos e cefalosporinas, que são amplamente utilizados. Esta informação deve nortear o desenvolvimento de protocolos que permitam otimizar a tomada de decisão clínica em relação à antibioticoterapia. Cómo citar. Delgado-Serrano J, Albarracín MJ, Rangel-Vera JA, Galeano-Salazar E, Niño-Vargas D, Wilches-Cuadros MA, Et al. Perfil de resistencia antimicrobiana de aislamientos bacterianos en pacientes con infección urinaria de un centro de referencia en Bucaramanga. MedUNAB. 2020;23(3):405-413. Doi: doi.org/10.29375/01237047.3950
Asunto(s)
Infecciones Urinarias , Infecciones Bacterianas , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , AntiinfecciososRESUMEN
Introduction. Among the bacterial infections that affect human beings, urinary tract infections are one of the most common, affecting up to 150 million people worldwide each year. Indiscriminate use of antibiotics and their improper handling has generated an increase in microbial resistance. This study's objective is to describe the phenotypic patterns of antimicrobial resistance of the most frequent microorganisms in patients with urinary tract infection diagnoses in a reference center in Bucaramanga. Methodology. A cross-sectional study with non probability sampling on patients with suspected or diagnosed urinary tract infections who required hospital treatment at a high-complexity health institution during July, 2017 and April, 2018, from whom urine cultures and antibiograms were obtained. Results. Out of 120 patients, a report was obtained for 116 urine cultures. The most frequent microorganism was Escherichia coli, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae. The former presented high sensitivity to carbapenem antibiotics and aminoglycosides and low sensitivity to Ceftriaxone and Ampicillin/Sulbactam. On the other hand, the microorganism Klebsiella pneumoniae presented high sensitivity to carbapenem antibiotics, but elevated resistance to Ceftriaxone and Ampicillin/Sulbactam. The empiric antibiotic used most was Ceftriaxone. Discussion. The distribution of isolated microorganisms is comparable to that which has been described nationally and internationally. Antimicrobial resistance profiles have points in common, such as resistance to beta-lactams, but differ in some aspects, such as resistance to cephalosporins and quinolones. Conclusions. Isolated microorganisms present high rates of resistance to beta-lactams and cephalosporins, which are widely used. This information must guide developing protocols that allow optimizing clinical decision-making with respect to antibiotic therapy. Cómo citar. Delgado-Serrano J, Albarracín MJ, Rangel-Vera JA, Galeano-Salazar E, Niño-Vargas D, Wilches-Cuadros MA, Et al. Perfil de resistencia antimicrobiana de aislamientos bacterianos en pacientes con infección urinaria de un centro de referencia en Bucaramanga. MedUNAB. 2020;23(3):414-422. Doi: doi.org/10.29375/01237047.3950
Introducción. Dentro de las infecciones bacterianas que afectan al ser humano, la infección de las vías urinarias es una de las más frecuentes, afectando hasta 150 millones de personas en el mundo cada año. El uso indiscriminado de antibióticos y su manejo inadecuado han generado un aumento en la resistencia antimicrobiana. El objetivo del presente estudio es describir patrones fenotípicos de resistencia antimicrobiana de los microorganismos más frecuentes en pacientes con diagnóstico de infección de vías urinarias en centro de referencia de Bucaramanga. Metodología. Estudio de corte transversal, muestreo no probabilístico en pacientes con sospecha o diagnóstico de infecciones de vías urinarias que requirieron manejo intrahospitalario en una institución de salud de alta complejidad durante julio del 2017 y abril del 2018, de quienes se obtuvo urocultivo y antibiograma. Resultados. De 120 pacientes incluidos, se obtuvo un reporte de 116 urocultivos. El microorganismo más frecuente fue Escherichia coli, seguido de Klebsiella pneumoniae. El primero presentó alta sensibilidad a carbapenémicos y aminoglucósidos, baja sensibilidad a la Ceftriaxona y a la Ampicilina/Sulbactam. Por otro lado, el microorganismo Klebsiella pneumoniae presentó alta sensibilidad a carbapenémicos, pero resistencia elevada a la Ampicilina/Sulbactam y a la Ceftriaxona. El antibiótico empírico más utilizado fue la Ceftriaxona. Discusión. La distribución de microorganismos aislados es comparable con la ya descrita a nivel nacional e internacional. Los perfiles de resistencia antimicrobiana tienen puntos comunes como la resistencia a los betalactámicos, pero difieren en algunos aspectos, como la resistencia a cefalosporinas y quinolonas. Conclusiones. Los microorganismos aislados presentan altas tasas de resistencia a los betalactámicos y a las cefalosporinas, las cuales son ampliamente utilizadas. Esta información debe orientar el desarrollo de protocolos que permitan optimizar la toma de decisiones clínicas con respecto a la terapia antibiótica. Cómo citar. Delgado-Serrano J, Albarracín MJ, Rangel-Vera JA, Galeano-Salazar E, Niño-Vargas D, Wilches-Cuadros MA, Et al. Perfil de resistencia antimicrobiana de aislamientos bacterianos en pacientes con infección urinaria de un centro de referencia en Bucaramanga. MedUNAB. 2020;23(3):405-413. Doi: doi.org/10.29375/01237047.3950
Introdução. Dentre as infecções bacterianas que afetam o homem, a infecção do trato urinário é uma das mais frequentes, afetando até 150 milhões de pessoas no mundo a cada ano. O uso indiscriminado de antibióticos e seu manejo inadequado têm gerado aumento da resistência antimicrobiana. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever padrões fenotípicos de resistência antimicrobiana dos microrganismos mais frequentes em pacientes com diagnóstico de infecção do trato urinário em um centro de referência em Bucaramanga. Métodos. Estudo transversal, com amostra não probabilística, em pacientes com suspeita ou diagnóstico de ITU que precisaram de manejo intra-hospitalar em uma instituição de saúde de alta complexidade no período de julho de 2017 a abril de 2018. Foram obtidos urocultura e antibiograma desses pacientes. Resultados. De 120 pacientes incluídos, foi obtido um relatório de 116 uroculturas. O microrganismo mais frequente foi Escherichia coli, seguido por Klebsiella pneumoniae. O primeiro apresentou alta sensibilidade a carbapenêmicos e aminoglicosídeos e baixa sensibilidade a Ceftriaxona e a Ampicilina/Sulbactam. Por outro lado, o microrganismo Klebsiella pneumoniae apresentou alta sensibilidade a carbapenêmicos, mas alta resistência a Ampicilina/Sulbactam e a Ceftriaxona. O antibiótico empírico mais amplamente utilizado foi a Ceftriaxona. Discussão. A distribuição dos microrganismos isolados é comparável àquela já descrita a nível nacional e internacional. Os perfis de resistência antimicrobiana têm pontos comuns como resistência aos beta-lactâmicos, mas diferem em alguns aspectos, como resistência às cefalosporinas e quinolonas. Conclusão. Microrganismos isolados apresentam altas taxas de resistência aos beta-lactâmicos e cefalosporinas, que são amplamente utilizados. Esta informação deve nortear o desenvolvimento de protocolos que permitam otimizar a tomada de decisão clínica em relação à antibioticoterapia. Cómo citar. Delgado-Serrano J, Albarracín MJ, Rangel-Vera JA, Galeano-Salazar E, Niño-Vargas D, Wilches-Cuadros MA, Et al. Perfil de resistencia antimicrobiana de aislamientos bacterianos en pacientes con infección urinaria de un centro de referencia en Bucaramanga. MedUNAB. 2020;23(3):405-413. Doi: doi.org/10.29375/01237047.3950
Asunto(s)
Infecciones Urinarias , Infecciones Bacterianas , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , AntiinfecciososRESUMEN
Resumen La apendicitis aguda en pediatría ocurre generalmente en escolares y adolescentes, siendo su principal complicación el absceso intraabdominal. Por su parte, la nefronía lobar aguda es una infección localizada del parénquima renal, de la cual no existen casos reportados de ésta como secundaria a apendicitis no perforada. Se presenta el caso de una preadolescente, quien seis días después de una apendicectomía consulta por dolor abdominal, vómito y fiebre. Ingresa con signos de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica, por lo que se inicia terapia antibiótica, y luego de tres días sin mejoría clínica, se realiza una ecografía abdominal que evidencia una lesión renal derecha sugestiva de nefronía lobar aguda y un absceso hepático del segmento VI y VII. Se inicia terapia antibiótica de amplio espectro con adecuada respuesta clínica. La nefronía lobar aguda debe tenerse en cuenta entre las complicaciones de la apendicitis, dado su comportamiento agresivo, rápida progresión a sepsis y frecuente asociación a cicatrices renales. MÉD.UIS.2019;32(1):33-7.
Abstract Acute appendicitis in pediatrics presented in scholar and adolescent ages have as its main complication an intraabdominal abscess. Moreover, acute lobar nephronia is a localized infection in the renal parenchyma. There are no cases reported about nephronia as a consequence of acute non-perforated appendicitis. This case describes a preadolescent presenting abdominal pain, vomit and fever, six days after acute appendicitis. She was admitted with signs of systemic inflammatory response syndrome, so antibiotic therapy was started. After three days there was no clinical improvement, whereby an abdominal ultrasound was performed, which reported injury in the right kidney suggestive of acute lobar nephronia and an hepatic abscess of VI and VII segments. Broad spectrum of antibiotic therapy was started with adequate clinic response. Acute lobar nephronia should be considered when studying acute appendicitis complications, given it's aggressive behavior, accelerated progression to sepsis and frequent association with renal scarring. MÉD.UIS.2019;32(1):33-7.