A urethral leiomyoma presenting with dysuria: A rare case report.

RATIONALE: Leiomyoma is a benign smooth muscle tumor which is rarely found in urethra. We hereby report a case of a 44-year-old female who presented with complaints of dysuria. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 44-year-old female patient presented to the urology outpatient clinic with symptoms of dysuria. The patient described the presence of a protrusion from the urethra during urination. DIAGNOSIS: Urethral leiomyoma. INTERVENTIONS: Physical examination confirmed a solid urethral mass. CT scan and USG reports indicated that the mass originated from the mid-urethra with vascularity at the base. We performed a complete resection of the urethral mass. The patient was discharged after 3 days of observation. OUTCOME: During a follow-up after 1 month, the patient reported improved urinary flow and no occurrence of hematuria. The patient recovered well after discharge. LESSON: Urethral leiomyoma is a rare benign tumor that is often misdiagnosed in clinical practice. Diagnosis requires careful clinical examination. Surgical removal usually works well. It is important to remember that in some cases of acute urinary retention, it can be caused by a complete obstruction of a mass in the urethra. Urologists should be more cautious and experienced in handling such cases.

Prognostic Signature GXYLT2 Is Correlated with Immune Infiltration in Bladder Cancer.

Background: GXYLT2 (glucoside xylosyltransferase 2) was known as an important gene that regulates classical Notch signaling and is involved in progression in human tumors. However, the correlation between GXYLT2 expression and bladder cancer remains unclear. Methods: GXYLT2 expression was analyzed by ONCOMINE database, GEPIA database, and TIMER database. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was utilized to confirm relationships between GXYLT2 and molecular subtypes of BLCA (bladder cancer). We discovered prognostic value of GXYLT2 in BLCA using GEPIA, LinkedOmics database, and Kaplan-Meier Plotter database. Subsequently, correlations between GXYLT2 and tumor immune infiltration were investigated through TIMER and TISIDB website. We then downloaded data of patients with BLCA from TCGA website, to conduct functional annotations and to construct protein-protein interaction network through STRING and Enrich web servers. Results: Significant differences were observed between GXYLT2 expression of bladder cancer and normal tissues. GXYLT2 was a poor prognostic biomarker in BLCA with impact on diverse clinical characteristics. We found that GXYLT2 was closely related to tumor immune infiltrated cells and immune genes. Functional annotations indicated that GXYLT2 was linked to immune-related pathways. Conclusions: The results suggested that GXYLT2 was associated with a poor prognosis and tumor immune cell infiltration of BLCA. GXYLT2 could be a promising therapeutic target in bladder cancer.