ERAS and Gastrointestinal Site Infections: Insights from a Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols are proposed to enhance perioperative care, but their impact on various surgical outcomes requires further insight. Objective: This extensive meta-analysis aimed to systematically estimate the effectiveness of ERAS in reducing postoperative complications and improving recovery metrics. Materials and Methods: We meticulously searched multiple databases and rigorously screened studies, ultimately including 16 high-quality research articles in our meta-analysis. We carefully assessed heterogeneity using the Cochran Q test and I2 index. Results were visualized using forest plots, displaying effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: The current meta-analysis reveals compelling evidence of ERAS protocols' impact on postoperative effects. Lung infection rates were significantly reduced, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.4393 (95% CI: 0.2674; 0.7216, p = 0.0012), highlighting the protocols' effectiveness. Although the reduction in surgical site infections (SSIs) was not significant, with an OR of 0.8003 (95% CI: 0.3908; 1.6389, p = 0.5425), the data suggests a trend toward benefit. Urinary tract infections (UTI) also showed a promising decrease, with an OR of 0.4754 (95% CI: 0.2028; 1.1143, p = 0.0871), revealing ERAS protocols may mitigate UTI risks. No significant effects were observed on postoperative anastomotic leakage or ileus, with ORs indicating neutrality. The incidence of readmission was similarly unaffected, with an OR of 1.4018 (95% CI: 0.6860; 2.8647, p = 0.3543). These outcomes underscore the selective efficacy of ERAS protocols, advocating for their strategic implementation to optimize surgical recovery. Conclusions: This meta-analysis offers compelling evidence supporting the implementation of ERAS in mitigating specific post-surgical conditions. It underscores the potential of ERAS to enhance recovery experiences and improve healthcare efficiency. Further targeted research is warranted to fully understand the impact of ERAS on SSI, anastomotic leakage, ileus, and readmissions and to optimize its benefits across diverse surgical populations.

The making of a nucleic acid sensor at the dawn of jawed vertebrate evolution.

Self and nonself discrimination is fundamental to immunity. However, it remains largely enigmatic how the mechanisms of distinguishing nonself from self originated. As an intracellular nucleic acid sensor, protein kinase R (PKR) recognizes double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and represents a crucial component of antiviral innate immunity. Here, we combine phylogenomic and functional analyses to show that PKR proteins probably originated from a preexisting kinase protein through acquiring dsRNA binding domains at least before the last common ancestor of jawed vertebrates during or before the Silurian period. The function of PKR appears to be conserved across jawed vertebrates. Moreover, we repurpose a protein closely related to PKR proteins into a putative dsRNA sensor, recapturing the making of PKR. Our study illustrates how a nucleic acid sensor might have originated via molecular tinkering with preexisting proteins and provides insights into the origins of innate immunity.

Highly potent and broadly neutralizing anti-CD4 trimeric nanobodies inhibit HIV-1 infection by inducing CD4 conformational alteration.

Despite advancements in antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppressing HIV-1 replication, existing antiviral drugs pose limitations, including lifelong medication, frequent administration, side effects and viral resistance, necessitating novel HIV-1 treatment approaches. CD4, pivotal for HIV-1 entry, poses challenges for drug development due to neutralization and cytotoxicity concerns. Nevertheless, Ibalizumab, the sole approved CD4-specific antibody for HIV-1 treatment, reignites interest in exploring alternative anti-HIV targets, emphasizing CD4's potential value for effective drug development. Here, we explore anti-CD4 nanobodies, particularly Nb457 from a CD4-immunized alpaca. Nb457 displays high potency and broad-spectrum activity against HIV-1, surpassing Ibalizumab's efficacy. Strikingly, engineered trimeric Nb457 nanobodies achieve complete inhibition against live HIV-1, outperforming Ibalizumab and parental Nb457. Structural analysis unveils Nb457-induced CD4 conformational changes impeding viral entry. Notably, Nb457 demonstrates therapeutic efficacy in humanized female mouse models. Our findings highlight anti-CD4 nanobodies as promising HIV-1 therapeutics, with potential implications for advancing clinical treatment against this global health challenge.

Identifying potential anthocyanin biosynthesis regulator in Chinese cherry by comprehensive genome-wide characterization of the R2R3-MYB transcription factor gene family.

BACKGROUND: Chinese cherry [Cerasus pseudocerasus (Lindl.) G.Don] (syn. Prunus pseudocerasus Lindl.) is an economically important fruiting cherry species with a diverse range of attractive colors, spanning from the lightest yellow to the darkest black purple. However, the MYB transcription factors involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis underlying fruit color variation in Chinese cherry remain unknown. RESULTS: In this study, we characterized the R2R3-MYB gene family of Chinese cherry by genome-wide identification and compared it with those of 10 Rosaceae relatives and Arabidopsis thaliana. A total of 1490 R2R3-MYBs were classified into 43 subfamilies, which included 29 subfamilies containing both Rosaceae MYBs and AtMYBs. One subfamily (S45) contained only Rosaceae MYBs, while three subfamilies (S12, S75, and S77) contained only AtMYBs. The variation in gene numbers within identical subfamilies among different species and the absence of certain subfamilies in some species indicated the species-specific expansion within MYB gene family in Chinese cherry and its relatives. Segmental and tandem duplication events primarily contributed to the expansion of Chinese cherry R2R3-CpMYBs. The duplicated gene pairs underwent purifying selection during evolution after duplication events. Phylogenetic relationships and transcript profiling revealed that CpMYB10 and CpMYB4 are involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Chinese cherry fruits. Expression patterns, transient overexpression and VIGS results confirmed that CpMYB10 promotes anthocyanin accumulation in the fruit skin, while CpMYB4 acts as a repressor, inhibiting anthocyanin biosynthesis of Chinese cherry. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a comprehensive and systematic analysis of R2R3-MYB gene family in Chinese cherry and Rosaceae relatives, and identifies two regulators, CpMYB10 and CpMYB4, involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in Chinese cherry. These results help to develop and utilize the potential functions of anthocyanins in Chinese cherry.

Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis and cell line experiments revealed the important role of CDCA3 in sarcoma.

Background: Sarcoma mainly originate from bone and soft tissue and are highly aggressive malignant tumors. Cell division cycle-related protein 3 (CDCA3) is a protein involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, which is highly expressed in a variety of malignant tumors. However, its role in sarcoma remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the function and potential mechanism of CDCA3 in sarcoma and to elucidate its importance in sarcoma. Methods: We first studied the expression and prognosis of CDCA family members in sarcoma by Oncomine and the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). The role of CDCA3 protein in sarcoma was further analyzed by the Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA), the Cancer Cell Lineage Encyclopedia (CCLE), and Linke-dOmics. In addition, immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to verify the expression of CDCA3 protein in clinical samples as well as sarcoma cell lines (U2OS, SAOS2, MG63, and HOS). Subsequently, in vitro experiments (cloning and scratching experiments) were performed using sh-NC as well as sh-CDCA3 group cells to reveal the biological functions of CDCA3. Results: We found that the CDCA family (CDCA3, CDCA4, and CDCA8) is highly expressed in sarcoma, and the expression level of CDCA3, CDCA4, and CDCA8 negatively correlates with the prognosis of sarcoma patients. CDCA3 mRNA was highly expressed in pan-cancer by CCLE and TCGA database analysis. KEGG analysis showed that CDCA3 was mainly enriched in the cell cycle signaling pathway (It promoted the transition of the cell cycle from the G0/G1 phase to the S phase). In the level of immune infiltration, CDCA3 was negatively correlated with pDC cells, CD8+T cells, and cytotoxic cells. Finally, patients with high CDCA3 expression in sarcoma were analyzed for resistance to NU7441 and others, while sensitive to Fulvestrant and Dihydrorotenone. Furthermore, we demonstrated high expression of CDCA3 protein in sarcoma tissues and cell lines by immunohistochemistry and Western blot experiments. Cloning, EDU, scratching, and migration experiments showed that the knockdown of CDCA3 inhibited the Proliferation and progression of sarcoma cells. Conclusion: These results suggest for the first time that knockdown of CDCA3 may inhibit sarcoma progression. CDCA3 may be an effective target for the treatment of sarcoma.

PKM2/Hif-1α signal suppression involved in therapeutics of pulmonary fibrosis with microcystin-RR but not with pirfenidone.

To date there are only pirfenidone (PFD) and nintedanib to be given conditional recommendation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) therapies with slowing disease progression, but neither has prospectively shown a reduced mortality. It is one of the urgent topics to find effective drugs for pulmonary fibrosis in medicine. Previous studies have demonstrated that microcystin-RR (MC-RR) effectively alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, but the mechanism has not been fully elucidated yet. We further conducted a comparison of therapeutic effect on the model animals of pulmonary fibrosis between MC-RR and PFD with histopathology and the expression of the molecular markers involved in differentiation, proliferation and metabolism of myofibroblasts, a major effector cell of tissue fibrosis. The levels of the enzyme molecules for maintaining the stability of interstitial structure were also evaluated. Our results showed that MC-RR and PFD effectively alleviated pulmonary fibrosis in model mice with a decreased signaling and marker molecules associated with myofibroblast differentiation and lung fibrotic lesion. In the meantime, both MC-RR and PFD treatment are beneficial to restore molecular dynamics of interstitial tissue and maintain the stability of interstitial architecture. Unexpectedly, MC-RR, rather than PFD, showed a significant effect on inhibiting PKM2-HIF-1α signaling and reducing the level of p-STAT3. Additionally, MC-RR showed a better inhibition effect on FGFR1 expression. Given that PKM2-HIF-1α and activated STAT3 molecular present a critical role in promoting the proliferation of myofibroblasts, MC-RR as a new strategy for IPF treatment has potential advantage over PFD.

A frozen suspension external calibration strategy for elemental quantitative imaging of fresh plant soft tissues by LA-ICP-MS with cryogenic ablation cell.

A simple and reliable external calibration strategy of LA-ICP-MS for fresh plant soft tissues was developed. The prepared plant suspension was frozen by the designed cryogenic ablation cell and used as external standard for quantitative elemental imaging analysis of fresh plant tissues. The controllable water content of the prepared external standards provides a similar matrix with fresh soft tissues, and a homogeneous elemental distribution could be ensured due to the fine grinding particle sizes. More interestingly, the presence of water increased the signal intensity produced by the suspension by a factor of 1.6 (Pb) to 66.6 (La) compared to that of the pressed cake. The excellent dispersing property and advantage of long-term use were achieved owing to the employment of 0.1% PAANa as suspending agent. A series of plant reference materials were analyzed, and the relative errors of most elements were less than 10 %, indicating that there is a reliable accuracy of the proposed method. The limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.1 ng·g-1 (La) to 1279 ng·g-1 (S). This method was used for elemental imaging analysis in rice leaves under arsenic stress, and the results were consistent with previous studies, which mean that the proposed method could provide technical support for researchers in the fields of agriculture and environment.

Antibiotic Resistance Profiles and MLST Typing of Staphylococcus Aureus Clone Associated with Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in a Hospital of China.

Objective: To analyze the antibiotic resistance profile, virulence genes, and molecular typing of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strains isolated in skin and soft tissue infections at the First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, to better understand the molecular epidemiological characteristics of S. aureus. Methods: In 2023, 65 S. aureus strains were isolated from patients with skin and soft tissue infections. Strain identification and susceptibility tests were performed using VITEK 2 and gram-positive bacteria identification cards. DNA was extracted using a DNA extraction kit, and all genes were amplified using polymerase chain reaction. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used for molecular typing. Results: In this study, of the 65 S. aureus strains were tested for their susceptibility to 16 antibiotics, the highest resistance rate to penicillin G was 95.4%. None of the staphylococcal isolates showed resistance to ceftaroline, daptomycin, linezolid, tigecycline, teicoplanin, or vancomycin. fnbA was the most prevalent virulence gene (100%) in S. aureus strains isolated in skin and soft tissue infections, followed by arcA (98.5%). Statistical analyses showed that the resistance rates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates to various antibiotics were significantly higher than those of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus isolates. Fifty sequence types (STs), including 44 new ones, were identified by MLST. Conclusion: In this study, the high resistance rate to penicillin G and the high carrying rate of virulence gene fnbA and arcA of S.aureus were determine, and 44 new STs were identified, which may be associated with the geographical location of southern Jiangxi and local trends in antibiotic use. The study of the clonal lineage and evolutionary relationships of S. aureus in these regions may help in understanding the molecular epidemiology and provide the experimental basis for pathogenic bacteria prevention and treatment.

Randomized, blind, controlled phase III clinical trial: Assessing the immunogenicity and safety of freeze-dried human rabies vaccine (vero cell) with a 4-dose regimen (2-1-1) in a 10-60 year-old demographic.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to demonstrate that the freeze-dried human rabies vaccine (Vero cell), administered in a four-dose schedule (2-1-1) to the 10-60 years old population, has immunogenicity that is not inferior to the approved five-dose schedule and similar vaccines with a four-dose schedule, and to evaluate its safety. METHOD: A total of 1800 individuals were enrolled and divided into three groups: four-dose test group, four-dose control group, and five-dose control group. The rabies virus neutralizing antibodies were measured using the Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test to assess immunogenicity, and the incidence of adverse events and serious adverse events were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The seroconversion rates 14 days after the first dose and 14 days after the complete course of vaccination were 100% in all three groups. The antibody GMC of the four-dose test group was higher than that of the five-dose control group, but slightly lower than the four-dose control group. Seven days after the first dose, both four-dose regimen groups showed higher seroconversion rates and antibody GMCs compared to the five-dose regimen group, proving that the immunogenic effect of the four-dose regimen seven days post-first vaccination is superior to the five-dose regimen. The overall incidence of adverse events showed no significant difference between the four-dose test group and the five-dose control group, but was significantly lower in the four-dose test group compared to the four-dose control group. CONCLUSION: The vaccine in the four-dose test group is equivalent in immunogenic effect to the four-dose control group vaccine and superior to the five-dose control group vaccine; the safety of the vaccine in the four-dose test group is equivalent to the five-dose control group vaccine and superior to the four-dose control group vaccine. CLINICALTRIALS: gov number: NCT05549908.

Construction of Metal-Organic Framework as a Novel Platform for Ratiometric Determination of Cyanide.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are frequently utilized as sensing materials. Unfortunately, the low conductivity of MOFs hinder their further application in electrochemical determination. To overcome this limitation, a novel modification strategy for MOFs was proposed, establishing an electrochemical determination method for cyanides in Baijiu. Co and Ni were synergistically used as the metal active centers, with meso-Tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine (TCPP) and Ferrocenecarboxylic acid (Fc-COOH) serving as the main ligands, synthesizing Ni/Co-MOF-TCPP-Fc through a hydrothermal method. The prepared MOF exhibited improved conductivity and stable ratio signals, enabling rapid and sensitive determination of cyanides. The screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) were suitable for in situ and real-time determination of cyanide by electrochemical sensors due to their portability, low cost, and ease of mass production. A logarithmic linear response in the range of 0.196~44 ng/mL was demonstrated by this method, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.052 ng/mL. Compared with other methods, the sensor was constructed by a one-step synthesis method, which greatly simplifies the analysis process, and the determination time required was only 4 min. During natural cyanide determinations, recommended readouts match well with GC-MS with less than 5.9% relative error. Moreover, this electrochemical sensor presented a promising method for assessing the safety of cyanides in Baijiu.

Unveiling the Impact of MRC1 on Immune Infiltration and Patient's Prognosis: A Pan-Cancer Analysis Based on Single-Cell and Bulk Sequencing.

Purpose: Mannose receptor C-type 1 (MRC1) is an endocytic lectin receptor primarily expressed in macrophages, dendritic cells, and some endothelial cells. However, the role of MRC1 in cancers remains unclear. Methods: We analyzed MRC1 expression using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), and single-cell datasets. We systematically explored the prognostic implications and diagnostic value of MRC1. Immune-related indicators, including immune cells, immune scores, and immune checkpoint molecules, were used to estimate their correlation with MRC1 expression. Finally, we explored its potential ties to immunotherapy success markers such as tumor mutation burden and DNA repair genes. Results: MRC1 showed both pro- and anti-tumor leanings depending on the cancer types. High levels correlated with poorer outcomes in six cancers but improved prognosis in some cancers like glioblastoma multiforme. This trend extended to the immune arena, where MRC1 intertwined with diverse immune parameters, suggesting its influence on affecting the tumor's immunological landscape. Intriguingly, its expression positively associated with factors favoring immunotherapy efficacy while negatively correlating with some potential barriers. Single-cell analysis pinpointed a specific link between MRC1 and DNA damage/repair pathways in breast cancer. Conclusion: Our study provides a comprehensive landscape of MRC1 levels and diverse regulatory patterns in different cancers, deepening the understanding of MRC1's roles in tumorigenesis and immunity.

6-Thioguanine inhibits severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus through suppression of EGR1.

The severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a novel phlebovirus, recently being officially renamed as Dabie bandavirus, and a causative agent for an emerging infectious disease associated with high fatality. Effective therapeutics and vaccines are lacking and disease pathogenesis is yet to be fully elucidated. In our effort to identify new SFTSV inhibitory molecules, 6-Thioguanine (6-TG) was found to potently inhibit SFTSV infection. 6-TG has been widely used as therapeutic agent since the approval of the Food and Drug Administration in the 1960s. In the current study, we showed that 6-TG was a potent inhibitor of SFTSV infection with 50% effective concentrations (EC50) of 3.465 µM in VeroE6 cells, and 1.848 µM in HUVEC cells. The selectivity index (SI) was >57 in VeroE6 cells and >108 in HUVEC cells, respectively. The SFTSV RNA transcription, protein synthesis, and progeny virions were reduced in a dose dependent manner by the presence of 6-TG in the in vitro infection assay. Further study on the mechanism of the anti-SFTSV activity showed that 6-TG downregulated the production of early growth response gene-1 (EGR1). Using gene silencing and overexpression, we further confirmed that EGR1 was a host restriction factor against SFTSV. Meanwhile, treatment of infected experimental animals with 6-TG inhibited SFTSV infection and alleviated multi-organ dysfunction. In conclusion, we have identified 6-TG as an effective inhibitor of SFTSV replication via the inhibition of EGR1 expression. Further studies are needed to evaluate of 6-TG as a potential therapeutic for treating SFTS.

Simultaneous and ultrafast detection of pan-SARS-coronaviruses and influenza A/B viruses by a novel multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay.

Here we report an ultrafast quadruplex RT-qPCR assay with robust diagnostic ability to detect and distinguish pan-SARS-CoVs and influenza A/B viruses within 35 min. This quadruplex RT-qPCR assay comprised of one novel RNA-based internal control targeting human ß2-microglobulin (B2M) for process accuracy and three newly-designed primers-probe sets targeting the envelope protein (E) of pan-SARS-CoV, matrix protein (MP) of influenza A virus and non-structural (NS) region of influenza B virus. This quadruplex assay exhibited a sensitivity comparable to its singleplex counterparts and a slightly higher to that of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-recommended SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A/B assays. The novel assay showed no false-positive amplifications with other common respiratory viruses, and its 95 % limits of detection for pan-SARS-CoV and influenza A/B virus was 4.26-4.52 copies/reaction. Moreover, the assay was reproducible with less than 1 % coefficient of variation and adaptable testing different clinical and environmental samples. Our ultrafast quadruplex RT-qPCR assay can serve as an attractive tool for effective differentiation of influenza A/B virus and SARS-CoV-2, but more importantly prognose the reemergence/emergence of SARS and novel coronaviruses or influenza viruses from animal spillover.

A Portable, Integrated, Sample-In Result-Out Nucleic Acid Diagnostic Device for Rapid and Sensitive Chikungunya Virus Detection.

Chikungunya virus, a mosquito-borne virus that causes epidemics, is often misdiagnosed due to symptom similarities with other arboviruses. Here, a portable and integrated nucleic acid-based diagnostic device, which combines reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification and lateral-flow detection, was developed. The device is simple to use, precise, equipment-free, and highly sensitive, enabling rapid chikungunya virus identification. The result can be obtained by the naked eye within 40 min. The assay can effectively distinguish chikungunya virus from dengue virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Zika virus, and yellow fever virus with high specificity and sensitivity as low as 598.46 copies mL-1. It has many benefits for the community screening and monitoring of chikungunya virus in resource-limited areas because of its effectiveness and simplicity. The platform has great potential for the rapid nucleic acid detection of other viruses.

Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) root extracts affect laying performance, egg quality, serum biochemical parameters and intestinal microbiota in hens.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of yacon root extracts (YREs) on productive performance and health of laying hens. Methods: Six hundred 30-week-old Xiaoshan Chicken layers were divided into 5 groups, control group, antibiotic positive control group, and 3 YREs treatment groups. In a 9-wk feeding experiment, at the end of wk 3, 6 and 9, twenty eggs were collected from each replicate to measure egg qualities. At the end of wk 9, three hen serum samples, and 5 hen cecal content samples were collected from each replicate. Results: Compared to the control group, 0.8%, 1.6% and 2.4% YREs treatments could increase hens' daily feed intake, and YREs supplementation affected daily feed intake in linear manner. YREs did not change egg size, but 0.8% and 2.4% YREs changed egg shape by decreasing the egg shape index and sphericity, and 0.8% YREs tended to improve the eggshell breaking strength. 1.6% YREs might decrease yolk color grade but optimize the pH of thick egg white in fresh egg; moreover, 1.6% and 2.4% YREs might be helpful for eggs to inhibit water loss during storage, and YREs supplementation affected water loss rate in linear manner. 2.4% YREs could decrease the serum lactate dehydrogenases (LDH) level, and YREs supplemental levels linearly affected serum LDH content. Finally, YREs could enrich the diversity of intestinal microbiota of hens fed with 0.8% and be beneficial for the relative abundance of phylum Bacteroidota and Halobacterota; 2.4% YREs might increase the abundance of phylum Actinobacteriota and genus Bifidobacterium, while decrease genus Bacteroides; YREs supplemental levels affected the abundance of phylum Actinobacteriota, and genera Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides in linear manner. Conclusion: Dietary supplementation with YREs could affect egg quality, protect the health of organs and exhibit prebiotic activity.

The Effects of a New Citrus Rootstock Citrus junos cv. Shuzhen No. 1 on Performances of Ten Hybrid Citrus Cultivars.

The importance of rootstock in citrus production lies in its crucial role in determining tree growth, environmental stress tolerance, and fruit quality. Citrus junos Siebold ex Tanaka cv. Shuzhen No. 1, a recently developed rootstock, demonstrates excellent graft compatibility and abiotic stress tolerance. The objective of this study was to assess ten hybrid citrus cultivars grafted onto two C. junos rootstock selections, with the aim of determining the potential for industrial utilization of the new citrus rootstock. All graft junctions are mature and well established. Vigorous growth characterized all ten citrus cultivars on Shuzhen No. 1, with the largest tree's height reaching 280.33 cm (Wogan scion) and the widest scion's diameter being 67.52 cm (Chunjian scion). However, the scion-to-rootstock diameter ratio was the lowest at 0.62 (Chunxiang scion). C. junos rootstock selections significantly affected fruit weight (five of ten scions) and fruit color (seven of ten scions) but had negligible impact on peel thickness (nine of ten scions). Furthermore, rootstock type had a significant influence on fruit quality. In conclusion, our findings indicate strong graft compatibility between all scions and C. junos rootstocks, which can impact overall size and fruit quality. Based on these results, Shuzhen No. 1 is recommended as a valuable citrus rootstock.

Eccrine porocarcinoma in the tempus of an elderly woman: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Eccrine porocarcinoma (EPC) is a rare skin tumor that mainly affects the elderly population. Tumors often present with slow growth and a good prognosis. EPCs are usually distinguished from other skin tumors using histopathology and immunohistochemistry. However, surgical management alone may be inadequate if the tumor has metastasized. However, currently, surgical resection is the most commonly used treatment modality. CASE SUMMARY: A seventy-four-year-old woman presented with a slow-growing nodule in her left temporal area, with no obvious itching or pain, for more than four months. Histopathological examination showed small columnar and short spindle-shaped cells; thus, basal cell carcinoma was suspected. However, immunohistochemical analysis revealed the expression of cytokeratin 5/6, p63 protein, p16 protein, and Ki-67 antigen (40%), and EPC was taken into consideration. The skin biopsy was repeated, and hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed ductal differentiation in some cells. Finally, the patient was diagnosed with EPC, and Mohs micrographic surgery was performed. We adapted follow-up visits in a year and not found any recurrence of nodules. CONCLUSION: This case report emphasizes the diagnosis and differentiation of EPC.

[Neutrophil extracellular traps extrusion from neutrophils stably adhered to ICAM-1 by lipoteichoic acid stimulation].

The effect of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) on promoting intravascular microthrombi formation and exacerbating the severity of sepsis in patients has gained extensive attention. However, in sepsis, the mechanisms and key signaling molecules mediating NET formation during direct interactions of endothelial cells and neutrophils still need further explored. Herein, we utilized lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a component shared by Gram-positive bacteria, to induce NET extrusion from neutrophils firmly adhered to the glass slides coated with intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1). We also used Sytox green to label NET-DNA and Flou-4 AM as the intracellular Ca 2+ signaling indicator to observe the NET formation and fluctuation of Ca 2+ signaling. Our results illustrated that LTA was able to induce NET release from neutrophils firmly attached to ICAM-1-coated glass slides, and the process was time-dependent. In addition, our study indicated that LTA-induced NET release by neutrophils stably adhered to ICAM-1 depended on Ca 2+ signaling but not intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study reveals NET formation mediated by direct interactions between endothelial ICAM-1 and neutrophils under LTA stimulation and key signaling molecules involved, providing the theoretical basis for medicine development and clinical treatment for related diseases.

Characteristics of pine wood nematode disease in Nankang District, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China.

Pine wood nematode (PWN) disease is one of the major disasters in forests of southern China, causing substantial forest resources and ecological and economic losses. Based on field surveys and WFV image data from the GF-1 satellite, we constructed a spatial identification model of PWN disease with the random forest model to explore the relative influences of topography, human activities and stand factors on the occurrence of diseases and predict their spatial distribution. We then used the spatial autocorrelation analysis to assess the distribution characteristics of PWN disease at the regional scale. The results showed that the random forest model constructed in this study was effective in identifying pine nematode diseases (AUC value=0.99, overall accuracy=0.96). The norma-lized difference greenness index (NDGI), the distance to the highway, and normalized vegetation index (NDVI) were important factors in explaining the spatial variations of PWN disease occurrence. There was a positive spatial correlation in the occurrence of PWN disease (not randomly distributed but with obvious spatial aggregation characteristics). The high occurrence areas of pine wood nematode disease concentrated in Chitu Township, Zhufang Township and Shibatang Township, low occurrence areas concentrated in the vicinity of Rongjiang Street. The areas far away from the highway, low in elevation, and close to county roads were suffered to PWN disease. The results could serve the regional monitoring of pine nematode disease occurrence and provide practical guidance for PWN disease management.