Human Papillomavirus in Oral Lichen Planus: Is There an Association? A Meta-Analysis.

Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic, recurrent mucocutaneous inflammatory disease with unclearly defined etiology, where a potential role of several viruses has been considered. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the potential association between HPV and oral LP based on case-control and cross-sectional study results. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science (SCI), Google Scholar, and Scopus databases with the last update on 6 March 2024. Pooled data were analyzed by calculating odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) with the metafor package for R. A total of 13 studies on 541 cases and 413 controls were included in this meta-analysis. It covered eight countries: India, Iran, Turkey, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, Macedonia, and the UK. In seven papers, the differentiation into the erosive-atrophic type and non-erosive-atrophic type of OLP was utilized. HPV infection was associated with at least a two times higher risk for a person with HPV to have OLP, depending on whether original data or filled/trimmed data were used. The OR values were 3.54 [2.01, 6.24] and 2.10 [1.16, 3.82], respectively. This meta-analysis was performed to identify the association between HPV and OLP and revealed that HPV infection was associated with at least a high risk for a person with HPV to develop OLP.

Influence of Shortened Tongue Frenulum on Tongue Mobility, Speech and Occlusion.

(1) Background: The incidence of ankyloglossia is 0.02-10.7%. Its effect on selected dysfunctions has been described; however, no studies report its impact on several disorders in a group of subjects. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of ankyloglossia on swallowing, speech, occlusion and periodontium. (2) Methods: The study group consisted of 86 patients with ankyloglossia, and the control group (n = 86) had a normal tongue frenulum. Type of swallowing, tongue mobility, speech, occlusion and periodontium were assessed. (3) Results: Ankyloglossia pertained to 75.6% patients with infantile swallowing and 41.3% patients with mature swallowing. Limited tongue mobility was found in 29.4% subjects with moderate ankyloglossia and 70.6% subjects with severe ankyloglossia. All subjects with mild ankyloglossia and all the controls had normal tongue mobility. The relationship between dysglossia and ankyloglossia severity was statistically significant. Malocclusion or crowding was diagnosed in 62% subjects with ankyloglossia and 21.6% subjects in the control group. No periodontal abnormalities were found in any subject. (4) Conclusions: (1) A short tongue frenulum negatively influences swallowing and is associated with an "infantile swallowing pattern". (2) Moderate or severe ankyloglossia significantly limits tongue mobility. (3) A short tongue frenulum negatively influences speech. (4) Ankyloglossia is associated with higher prevalence of malocclusion.

Analysis of the Impact of Ethanol Extract of Calendula officinalis L. on Human Fibroblast Cell Cultures Using the PANsys 3000 Device for Breeding and Visualization of Cells.

Calendula officinalis L. promotes wound healing and might be effective in gingival fibroblast stimulation. The influence of different concentrations of Calendula officinalis L. ethanol extract on human gingival fibroblast was visualized using PANsys 3000-a fully automated cell culture device used for in vitro culture to study cells under conditions similar to in vivo. The human fibroblast cells were isolated from gingival tissue. The 100% brew of Calendula officinalis L., as well as 7% and 20% Calendula officinalis L. ethanol extract, were added to the cultured cells and observed for 72 h. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the volatile compounds of marigold Calendula officinalis L. flowers are presented in this study. The essential oil compounds of the decoction were isolated with solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and analyzed with gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, and other compounds was demonstrated. The composition was correlated with the fragrance properties. Observation of gingival fibroblast showed that there were no changes in cell morphology and proliferation after 100% Calendula officinalis L. brew stimulation. The growth and cell division were not inhibited. Likewise, the addition of 7% or 20% ethanol in water extract of Calendula officinalis L. stimulation did not inhibit the fibroblast proliferation. Overall, ethanol extracts of Calendula officinalis L. decrease the alcohol cytotoxic influence on gingival fibroblasts.

Influence of Three Laser Wavelengths with Different Power Densities on the Mitochondrial Activity of Human Gingival Fibroblasts in Cell Culture.

Phototherapy plays a key role in wound healing and tissue regeneration. The use of lasers has the potential to become an effective and minimally invasive treatment in periodontal and peri-implant disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of three laser wavelengths with the combination of parameters such as power density and energy density on human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) in vitro culture. Isolated cells were seeded in 96-well plates with culture medium (DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). After 24 h cells were irradiated (1064, 980 and 635 nm, various energy density value). After 24, 48 and 72 h, cells were evaluated for viability. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD test. We found the best outcomes for hGFs irradiated with laser 1064 nm for all combinations of power output (50/400/1000 mW) and energy dose (3/25/64 J/cm2) after 48 h and 72 h compared with control group. Cell viability increase ranged from 0.6× (3 J/cm2, 50 mW) to 1.3× (64 J/cm2, 1000 mW). Our findings indicate that the appropriate use of low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) can increase the proliferation rate of cultured cells. The use of LLLI can be extremely useful in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Reduction in Gingival Bleeding after Atelocollagen Injection in Patients with Hashimoto's Disease-A Pilot Study.

Periodontal diseases are one of the main causes of tooth loss and the second most common oral disease after carries. Patients with autoimmune diseases, such as Hashimoto's disease, are more often vulnerable to infection. In the study group of patients, despite the lack of other signs of gingivitis, bleeding occurred after tooth brushing or minor trauma. Bleeding on probing is the first objective sign of ongoing inflammation. The study was conducted on a group of 17 patients diagnosed with Hashimoto's disease. The atelocollagen Linerase (100 mg) thinned with 5 mL 0.9% NaCl was used. A total of 0.05 mL of solution was injected into keratinized gingiva, two millimeters above the gingival papillae basement, four times in two-week intervals. The greatest decrease in the number of bleeding points was observed after the first and second injections of atelocollagen. After the third and fourth injections, the average BOP continued to decrease, but the decline was very slow. The use of atelocollagen made it possible to eliminate bleeding symptoms in the study group.

Better Gingival Status in Patients with Comorbidity of Type 1 Diabetes and Thyroiditis in Comparison with Patients with Type 1 Diabetes and No Thyroid Disease-A Preliminary Study.

Periodontal disease has been postulated as one of the chronic complications of diabetes. The prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is higher. The aim of the study was to determine the association between the presence of thyroiditis and gingival status in adults with T1D. A total of 264 patients, 119 men aged 18-45, diagnosed with T1D were included. For further analysis, the study group was divided into two subgroups, with or without autoimmune thyroiditis. Gingival status was assessed with the use of gingival indices. Patients diagnosed with T1D and thyroiditis presented lower plaque accumulation (p = 0.01) and lower-grade gingivitis (p = 0.02). Approximal Plaque Index (API) in all study groups correlated positively with age (Rs = 0.24; p = 0.0001), body mass index (BMI) (Rs = 0.22; p = 0.0008), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (Rs = 0.18; p = 0.006), high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) (Rs = 0.17; p = 0.009), total cholesterol (T-Chol) (Rs = 0.17; p = 0.01) and negatively with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (Rs = -0.2; p = 0.02). Stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis indicated TSH, BMI and gender as independent predictors of dental plaque accumulation in patients with T1D. Autoimmune thyroiditis was associated with a lower accumulation of dental plaque and better gingival status in patients with T1D.

Immunopathological Assessment of the Oral Mucosa in Dermatitis Herpetiformis.

Dermatitis herpetiformis (Duhring's disease, DH) is a chronic blistering cutaneous condition with pruritic polymorphic lesions, consisting of vesicles, papules or nodules and erythema, found predominantly on the extensor surfaces of the limbs, buttocks, and neck. Diagnosis is based on characteristic clinical and immunopathological findings. Oral manifestations of DH have rarely been described. The aim of the study was to evaluate IgA, IgG, IgM and C3 complement deposits in the oral mucosa in DH patients. Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) was performed on the oral mucosa specimens collected from 10 DH patients. Biopsy was taken in a local anesthesia from perilesional site from the buccal mucosa and then preserved in a standard procedure using polyclonal rabbit IgG, IgA, IgM and C3 antibodies. Granular IgA and C3 deposits were found in 6 patients (60%), and in 3 subjects (30%) the result was indeterminate. Significant fluorescence of the deposits along the basement membrane was observed in 2 patients, moderate fluorescence in 3 patients, and in 4 cases the result was indeterminate. C3 deposits were found in 5 subjects (50%), 3 of them being moderate and 2 indeterminate. No IgM and IgG deposits were detected in the collected buccal mucosa specimens.