RESUMEN
Current models of word production assume the existence of functionally distinct lexical-syntactic and word-form representations. However, there are competing hypotheses about whether prior access to syntactic properties of words is obligatory during lexical retrieval. In this paper we report preliminary evidence from the single case study of a Welsh-speaking patient with a lexical access deficit. We examined the patient's ability to access word forms and to retrieve information about the grammatical gender of Welsh nouns. The data show no correlation between the retrieval of word-form and grammatical gender information. This pattern of performance is inconsistent with hypotheses postulating obligatory syntactic mediation in lexical production.
Asunto(s)
Afasia/diagnóstico , Lingüística , Anciano , Afasia/etiología , Femenino , Humanos , Lenguaje , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Lóbulo Parietal/irrigación sanguínea , Lóbulo Parietal/diagnóstico por imagen , Lóbulo Parietal/fisiopatología , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Accidente Cerebrovascular/complicaciones , Accidente Cerebrovascular/diagnóstico por imagen , Accidente Cerebrovascular/fisiopatología , Hemorragia Subaracnoidea/complicaciones , Hemorragia Subaracnoidea/diagnóstico por imagen , Hemorragia Subaracnoidea/fisiopatología , Lóbulo Temporal/irrigación sanguínea , Lóbulo Temporal/diagnóstico por imagen , Lóbulo Temporal/fisiopatología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , VocabularioRESUMEN
This study examines differences and similarities in women's health status, health care needs, and access to care across age groups. Data are from the Commonwealth Fund 1998 Survey of Women's Health. Several age-group specific issues stand out, such as more limited access to health insurance and a usual source of care among younger women, the emergence of chronic health care problems among women in the 45-64 age group, and the presence of multiple health problems among elderly women. The analyses reveal several themes that cut across age groups, such as the relationship between poverty and health status, the importance of health insurance, and the generally limited receipt of physician information about health-related behaviors.
Asunto(s)
Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Estado de Salud , Salud de la Mujer , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Humanos , Seguro de Salud , Persona de Mediana Edad , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To examine financial and nonfinancial access to care and utilization of primary health care services among children of working low-income families earning below 200 percent of the federal poverty level in California, and to compare them to children in nonworking low-income families and in families earning over 200 percent of poverty. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING: The 1994 National Health Interview survey weighted to reflect population estimates for California. STUDY DESIGN: This cross-sectional study of 3,831 children under age 19 focuses on financial access, that is, the prevalence and continuity of health insurance coverage; structural access, including the presence of a usual source of care, the predominant care source, its responsiveness to patient's needs, and any indications of delayed or missed care; and utilization of health care measured by the presence of an outpatient doctor's visit and the mean number of visits relative to child health status. DATA COLLECTION: The study uses secondary analysis. FINDINGS: Compared to children of nonworking low-income parents and to nonpoor children, children of working low-income parents were more likely to be uninsured (32.1 percent versus 15.6 percent and 10.3 percent, p = .0001) and to experience disruptions in insurance coverage (p = .0009). These differences persisted after controlling for other covariates in multivariate analyses. Children of working low-income parents did not differ significantly from children of nonworking low-income parents on measures of structural access or utilization, after adjusting for other covariates. However, they differed significantly from nonpoor children on structural access and utilization, and these differences mostly persisted after adjusting for other covariates (odds ratios from 1.5 to 2.9). Similar patterns were observed when children of full-time, year-round working parents with low earnings were compared with the two reference populations. CONCLUSION: Children in working low-income families in California have some of the worst access problems. Even full attachment to the workforce does not guarantee health insurance benefits, access to care, or improved health care use for children of low-income parents. These children are not better off than other low-income children of nonworking parents and are much worse off than nonpoor children. Expansion of health insurance coverage through Healthy Families and Medi-Cal, and attention to nonfinancial barriers to care for working low-income families may help to reduce these disparities.
Asunto(s)
Servicios de Salud del Niño/estadística & datos numéricos , Empleo , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/economía , Cobertura del Seguro/estadística & datos numéricos , Seguro de Salud , Adolescente , California , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Planes de Asistencia Médica para Empleados , Estado de Salud , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pacientes no Asegurados/estadística & datos numéricos , Análisis Multivariante , Oportunidad Relativa , Factores SocioeconómicosAsunto(s)
Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Pacientes no Asegurados , Población Urbana , Política de Salud , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Renta , Cobertura del Seguro , Seguro de Salud , Pacientes no Asegurados/estadística & datos numéricos , Visita a Consultorio Médico/estadística & datos numéricos , Pobreza , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
This study was undertaken to assess how low-income women with Medicaid, private insurance, or no insurance vary with regard to personal characteristics, health status, and health utilization. Data are from a telephone interview survey of a representative cross-sectional sample of 5,200 low-income women in Minnesota, Oregon, Tennessee, Florida, and Texas. On the whole, low-income women were found to experience considerable barriers to care; however, uninsured low-income women have significantly more trouble obtaining care, receive fewer recommended services, and are more dissatisfied with the care they receive than their insured counterparts. Women on Medicaid had access to care that was comparable with their low-income privately insured counterparts, but in general had significantly lower satisfaction with their providers and their plans. Future federal and state efforts should focus on expanding efforts to improve the scope and reach of health care coverage to low-income women through public or private means.
Asunto(s)
Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/economía , Cobertura del Seguro , Medicaid , Pobreza , Servicios de Salud para Mujeres/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Estado de Salud , Humanos , Seguro de Salud , Pacientes no Asegurados , Persona de Mediana Edad , Satisfacción del Paciente , Estados Unidos , Servicios de Salud para Mujeres/economíaAsunto(s)
Negro o Afroamericano , Planes de Asistencia Médica para Empleados , Cobertura del Seguro , Pacientes no Asegurados , California , Predicción , Planes de Asistencia Médica para Empleados/tendencias , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Humanos , Cobertura del Seguro/tendencias , Medicaid , Pacientes no Asegurados/etnología , Pobreza/etnología , Estados Unidos , Población BlancaAsunto(s)
Planes de Asistencia Médica para Empleados , Hispánicos o Latinos , Cobertura del Seguro , Pacientes no Asegurados , California , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Hispánicos o Latinos/educación , Humanos , Medicaid , Pacientes no Asegurados/etnología , Pobreza/etnología , Estados Unidos , Población BlancaAsunto(s)
Asiático , Cobertura del Seguro , Medicaid , Pacientes no Asegurados , Asia/etnología , California , Planes de Asistencia Médica para Empleados , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Humanos , Medicaid/estadística & datos numéricos , Pacientes no Asegurados/etnología , Islas del Pacífico/etnología , Estados Unidos , Población BlancaAsunto(s)
Emigración e Inmigración , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Cobertura del Seguro , Pacientes no Asegurados , Niño , Preescolar , Predicción , Planes de Asistencia Médica para Empleados/estadística & datos numéricos , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Medicaid/estadística & datos numéricos , Medicaid/tendencias , Pacientes no Asegurados/estadística & datos numéricos , Visita a Consultorio Médico/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores Socioeconómicos , Estados UnidosAsunto(s)
Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/economía , Programas Controlados de Atención en Salud/normas , Medicaid/normas , Salud de la Mujer , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Recolección de Datos , Planes de Aranceles por Servicios/economía , Planes de Aranceles por Servicios/normas , Planes de Aranceles por Servicios/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Estado de Salud , Humanos , Programas Controlados de Atención en Salud/economía , Programas Controlados de Atención en Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Medicaid/economía , Medicaid/estadística & datos numéricos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Satisfacción del Paciente , Pobreza , Estados UnidosAsunto(s)
Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Necesidades y Demandas de Servicios de Salud , Pacientes no Asegurados , Adolescente , Adulto , California , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Necesidades y Demandas de Servicios de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Pacientes no Asegurados/estadística & datos numéricos , Persona de Mediana EdadAsunto(s)
Hispánicos o Latinos , Pacientes no Asegurados , Adolescente , Adulto , California , Niño , Preescolar , Planes de Asistencia Médica para Empleados/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Lactante , Pacientes no Asegurados/estadística & datos numéricos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores SocioeconómicosAsunto(s)
Renta , Cobertura del Seguro , Seguro de Salud , Pacientes no Asegurados , Mujeres , Adolescente , Adulto , California , Femenino , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Hispánicos o Latinos , Humanos , Cobertura del Seguro/estadística & datos numéricos , Seguro de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Pacientes no Asegurados/estadística & datos numéricos , Persona de Mediana Edad , PobrezaRESUMEN
This article reports on differences in satisfaction with provider choice, access to care, and plan costs and coverage between women enrolled in fee-for-service and those in managed car plans. It also examines differences in satisfaction, access, and costs and coverage between higher and lower income women and between those in reported fair or poor health and those in excellent or good health, among women in managed care plans. The data for this study are from The Commonwealth Fund's 1994 Managed Care Survey, which included 1,544 women with employer- or union-sponsored insurance in Boston, Los Angeles, and Miami. The study found that women in managed care were less satisfied with provider choice and access to services, but more satisfied with out-of-pocket costs for services and the range of services covered. Both low-income women and those in fair to poor health reported more problems with access barriers than did either higher income women or those in excellent or good health.