Temporal variations, distribution, and dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes and changes of bacterial communities in a biofloc-based zero-water-exchange mariculture system.

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have obtained an increasing number of global concerns for the severe risks they pose to food safety and public health. Studies have investigated the concentrations and distribution of ARGs in the environment. However, the distribution and dissemination of ARGs, the bacterial communities, and the key influencing factors during the entire rearing period in the biofloc-based zero-water-exchange mariculture system (BBZWEMS) remain unclear. The current study investigated the concentrations, temporal variations, distribution, and dissemination of ARGs, the changes in the bacterial communities, as well as the key influencing factors during the rearing period in the BBZWEMS. Sul1 and sul2 were dominant ARGs. Total concentrations of ARGs followed a trend of decrease in pond water, while they followed a trend of increase in source water, biofloc, and shrimp gut. Total concentrations of targeted ARGs in the water source were higher than those in the pond water and biofloc samples for each corresponding rearing stage by 2.25-122.97-fold (p < 0.05). The bacterial communities in biofloc and pond water did not change much, while they changed considerably in the shrimp gut samples during the rearing period. Pearson correlation, redundancy analysis, and multivariable linear regression analysis showed that suspended substances and Planctomycetes were positively correlated with the concentrations of ARGs (p < 0.05). The current study indicates that the water source may be a critical source of ARGs, and that suspended substances is a key factor influencing the distribution and dissemination of ARGs in the BBZWEMS. Early intervention measures on ARGs in water sources should be implemented to aid in the prevention and control of resistance genes in aquaculture industry, and reduce the potential risks of ARGs to public health and food safety.

Robotic versus laparoscopic hepatectomy for malignancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The aim of this study was to compare the clinical safety and efficacy of robotic hepatectomy (RH) versus conventional laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH) for malignancy using meta-analysis. A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, Medline and the Cochrane Library databases up to September 2020 for studies, which limited to comparative articles of RH or LH for malignant tumors. Stata14.0 was performed in the meta-analysis. Six studies with a total of 1093 patients (345 RH and 748 LH) were eligible for inclusion. Operative time, tumor size, open procedure rate and the proportion of right hepatectomy were found to be significantly different between RH and LH in the pooled analysis (P < 0.05). Compared to LH, RH was associated with longer operative time, larger tumor size, lower open procedure rate and more common use for right hepatectomy. On the other hand, there was no difference in the operative time, estimated blood loss (EBL), blood transfusion rate, hospital stay, R0 resection rate, complications, resection margin, left lateral sectionectomy and left hepatectomy (P > 0.05). For malignant tumors that require hepatectomy, robotic approaches have demonstrated similar safety and feasibility to laparoscopy, with lower open procedure rate, were suitable for larger tumor size, and have a high right hepatectomy utilization rate. These results still need to be confirmed by multicenter, high-quality randomized controlled studies.