Adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism and its related surgical characteristics.

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a common cause of secondary hypertension. Adrenalectomy is an effective treatment for unilateral PA, particularly aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA), resulting in improvements in biochemical parameters and blood pressure in the vast majority of patients. The article provides a comprehensive overview of PA, focusing on the outcomes of adrenalectomy for PA and the factors that may suggest prognostic implications. Analysis of the outcome of different PA patients undergoing adrenalectomy in terms of preoperative factors, vascular and adipose conditions, type of pathology, and somatic variants. In addition, it is recommended to use the histopathology of primary aldosteronism (HISTALDO) consensus to classify the patient's pathological type, with classical and nonclassical pathological types showing a different prognosis and possibly being associated with an unresected contralateral adrenal gland. The primary aldosteronism surgical outcome (PASO) consensus sets uniform standards for postoperative outcomes in unilateral PA, but its setting of thresholds remains controversial. Partial adrenalectomy shows similar surgical results and fewer postoperative complications than total adrenalectomy, but there is a risk of missing the true source of abnormal aldosterone secretion. Steroid profiling and functional imaging techniques offer alternative options to adrenal vein sampling (AVS) for unilateral and bilateral judgments in patients with PA. A combination of factors is needed to predict the prognosis of PA patients undergoing adrenalectomy in order to manage patient expectations of the outcome of the procedure and to closely monitor blood pressure and biochemical parameters in patients who suggest a poorer prognosis.

Visible Light-Induced, Nickel-Catalyzed Late-Stage 4-Alkylation of Hantzsch Esters with Alkyl Bromide.

Herein, visible light-induced, nickel-catalyzed direct functionalization of the Hantzsch esters (HEs) with readily accessible alkyl bromides has been successfully achieved by taking advantage of HE as the reductant and substrate through an aromatization-dearomatization process. In this strategy, the single electron reduction of alkyl bromides by reactive Ni(I) species is essential for the success of this late-stage transformation. A wide range of 4-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines were rapidly assembled in moderate to good yields under mild conditions, rendering this photoinduced approach attractive for synthetic and medicinal chemistry.

Large-Scale Proteomics Improve Prediction of Chronic Kidney Disease in People With Diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a protein risk score for predicting chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with diabetes and compare its predictive performance with a validated clinical risk model (CKD Prediction Consortium [CKD-PC]) and CKD polygenic risk score. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This cohort study included 2,094 patients with diabetes who had proteomics and genetic information and no history of CKD at baseline from the UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project. Based on nearly 3,000 plasma proteins, a CKD protein risk score including 11 proteins was constructed in the training set (including 1,047 participants; 117 CKD events). RESULTS: The median follow-up duration was 12.1 years. In the test set (including 1,047 participants; 112 CKD events), the CKD protein risk score was positively associated with incident CKD (per SD increment; hazard ratio 1.78; 95% CI 1.44, 2.20). Compared with the basic model (age + sex + race, C-index, 0.627; 95% CI 0.578, 0.675), the CKD protein risk score (C-index increase 0.122; 95% CI 0.071, 0.177), and the CKD-PC risk factors (C-index increase 0.175; 95% CI 0.126, 0.217) significantly improved the prediction performance of incident CKD, but the CKD polygenic risk score (C-index increase 0.007; 95% CI -0.016, 0.025) had no significant improvement. Adding the CKD protein risk score into the CKD-PC risk factors had the largest C-index of 0.825 (C-index from 0.802 to 0.825; difference 0.023; 95% CI 0.006, 0.044), and significantly improved the continuous 10-year net reclassification (0.199; 95% CI 0.059, 0.299) and 10-year integrated discrimination index (0.041; 95% CI 0.007, 0.083). CONCLUSIONS: Adding the CKD protein risk score to a validated clinical risk model significantly improved the discrimination and reclassification of CKD risk in patients with diabetes.

Interaction between Extreme Temperature Events and Fine Particulate Matter on Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity: Evidence from Four National Cohort Studies.

Accumulating evidence linked extreme temperature events (ETEs) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) to cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM); however, it remained unknown if and how ETEs and PM2.5 interact to trigger CMM occurrence. Merging four Chinese national cohorts with 64,140 free-CMM adults, we provided strong evidence among ETEs, PM2.5 exposure, and CMM occurrence. Performing Cox hazards regression models along with additive interaction analyses, we found that the hazards ratio (HRs) of CMM occurrence associated with heatwave and cold spell were 1.006-1.019 and 1.063-1.091, respectively. Each 10 µg/m3 increment of PM2.5 concentration was associated with 17.9% (95% confidence interval: 13.9-22.0%) increased risk of CMM. Similar adverse effects were also found among PM2.5 constituents of nitrate, organic matter, sulfate, ammonium, and black carbon. We observed a synergetic interaction of heatwave and PM2.5 pollution on CMM occurrence with relative excess risk due to the interaction of 0.999 (0.663-1.334). Our study provides novel evidence that both ETEs and PM2.5 exposure were positively associated with CMM occurrence, and the heatwave interacts synergistically with PM2.5 to trigger CMM.

A decade of insight: bibliometric analysis of gut microbiota's role in osteoporosis (2014-2024).

Purpose: Osteoporosis represents a profound challenge to public health, underscoring the critical need to dissect its complex etiology and identify viable targets for intervention. Within this context, the gut microbiota has emerged as a focal point of research due to its profound influence on bone metabolism. Despite this growing interest, the literature has yet to see a bibliometric study addressing the gut microbiota's contribution to both the development and management of osteoporosis. This study aims to fill this gap through an exhaustive bibliometric analysis. Our objective is to uncover current research hotspots, delineate key themes, and identify future research trends. In doing so, we hope to provide direction for future studies and the development of innovative treatment methods. Methods: Relevant publications in this field were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. We used VOSviewer, CiteSpace, an online analysis platform and the R package "Bibliometrix" for bibliometric analysis. Results: A total of 529 publications (including 351 articles and 178 reviews) from 61 countries, 881 institutions, were included in this study. China leads in publication volume and boast the highest cumulative citation. Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Southern Medical University are the leading research institutions in this field. Nutrients contributed the largest number of articles, and J Bone Miner Res is the most co-cited journal. Of the 3,166 scholars who participated in the study, Ohlsson C had the largest number of articles. Li YJ is the most co-cited author. "Probiotics" and "inflammation" are the keywords in the research. Conclusion: This is the first bibliometric analysis of gut microbiota in osteoporosis. We explored current research status in recent years and identified frontiers and hot spots in this research field. We investigate the impact of gut microbiome dysregulation and its associated inflammation on OP progression, a topic that has garnered international research interest in recent years. Additionally, our study delves into the potential of fecal microbiota transplantation or specific dietary interventions as promising avenues for future research, which can provide reference for the researchers who focus on this research filed.

Identification of two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks with mcm topology and their application in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.

Covalent organic frameworks have attracted considerable attention in recent years as a distinct class of crystalline porous organic materials. Their functional properties are inherently linked to their structural characteristics. Although hundreds of COFs have been reported so far, the types of their topologic structure are still limited. In this article, we report the identification of mcm topology for three porphyrin-based two-dimensional COFs, which are constructed from [4 + 4] imine condensation reactions. The mcm net is generated by pentagonal tiling, which has not been identified for COFs before. The structure of the COFs is elucidated by a variety of experimental characterization and structural simulations, by which their reticular frameworks exclusively composed of pentagonal pores have been confirmed. Moreover, the COFs exhibit high performance in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water, with the best one up to 10.0 mmol g-1 h-1 after depositing 0.76 wt% Pt as a co-catalyst. This study identifies mcm topology for COFs for the first time and highlights the potential of these COFs as promising photocatalysts for sustainable hydrogen production from water.

Iodine(III)-Mediated Trifluoroacetylation of a C(sp2)-H or C(sp)-H Bond with Masked Trifluoroacyl Reagents.

A novel strategy for incorporating a trifluoroacetyl functionality into a range of structurally varied unsaturated bonds was developed by using PhI(OCOMe)2 as an oxidant with a masked trifluoroacyl reagent as a trifluoroacetyl radical precursor. The oxidative decarboxylation of the masked trifluoroacyl precursor followed by a tandem radical process provides versatile access to 5-exo-trig cyclization of N-arylacrylamides, direct C(sp2)-H trifluoroacetylation of quinolines, isoquinoline, 2H-indazole, and quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones, and C(sp)-H trifluoroacetylation of alkynes. This protocol is characterized by mild reaction conditions, operational simplicity, and broad functional group compatibility.

Tea Consumption, Milk or Sweeteners Addition, Genetic Variation in Caffeine Metabolism, and Incident Venous Thromboembolism.

OBJECTIVE: The association between tea consumption and venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate the association between tea consumption with different additives (milk and/or sweeteners) and incident VTE, and the modifying effects of genetic variation in caffeine metabolism on the association. METHODS: A total of 190,189 participants with complete dietary information and free of VTE at baseline in the UK Biobank were included. The primary outcome was incident VTE, including incident deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 12.1 years, 4,485 (2.4%) participants developed incident VTE. Compared with non-tea drinkers, tea drinkers who added neither milk nor sweeteners (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.85; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.76-0.94), only milk (HR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.80-0.93), and both milk and sweeteners to their tea (HR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.81-0.99) had a lower risk of VTE, while those who added only sweeteners to their tea did not (HR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.75-1.17). Moreover, there was an L-shaped relationship between tea consumption and incident VTE among tea drinkers who added neither milk nor sweeteners, only milk, and both milk and sweeteners to their tea, respectively. However, a nonsignificant association was found among tea drinkers who added only sweeteners to their tea. Genetic variation in caffeine metabolism did not significantly modify the association (p-interaction = 0.659). CONCLUSION: Drinking unsweetened tea, with or without added milk, was associated with a lower risk of VTE. However, there was no significant association between drinking tea with sweeteners and incident VTE.

Long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter is associated with prognosis in people living with HIV/AIDS: Evidence from a longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND: Evidence on the association between particulate matter (PM) exposure and prognosis in people living with HIV/AIDS (PWHA) is scarce. We aim to investigate the associations of long-term exposure to PM with AIDS-related deaths and complications. METHODS: We collected follow-up information on 7444 PWHAs from 2000 to 2021 from the HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Response Information Management System of the Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The AIDS-related deaths and complications were assessed by physicians every 3 to 6 months, and the monthly average PM concentrations for each PWHA were extracted from the China High Air Pollutants dataset. We employed time-varying Cox regression models to evaluate the associations of the average cumulative PM exposure concentrations with AIDS-related deaths and complications, as well as the mediating effects of AIDS-related complications in PM-induced AIDS-related deaths. RESULTS: For each 1 µg/m3 increase in PM1, PM2.5, and PM10, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for AIDS-related deaths were 1.021 (1.009, 1.033), 1.012 (1.005, 1.020), and 1.010 (1.005, 1.015), respectively; and the HRs for AIDS-related complications were 1.049 (1.034, 1.064), 1.029 (1.020, 1.038), and 1.031 (1.024, 1.037), respectively. AIDS-related complications mediated 18.38 % and 18.68 % of the association of exposure to PM1 and PM2.5 with AIDS-related deaths, respectively. The association of PM exposure with AIDS-related deaths was more significant in older PWHA. Meanwhile, the association between PM exposure and AIDS-related complications was stronger in PWHA with a BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2. CONCLUSION: Long-term exposure to PM is positively associated with AIDS-related deaths and complications, and AIDS-related complications have mediating effects in PM-induced AIDS-related deaths. Our evidence emphasizes that enhanced protection against PM exposure for PWHAs is an additional mitigation strategy to reduce AIDS-related deaths and complications.

Effects of short- and long-term exposures to multiple air pollutants on depression among the labor force: A nationwide longitudinal study in China.

BACKGROUND: Depression prevalence has surged within the labor force population in recent years. While links between air pollutants and depression were explored, there was a notable scarcity of research focusing on the workforce. METHODS: This nationwide longitudinal study analyzed 27,457 workers aged 15-64. We estimated monthly mean concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), its primary components, and Ozone (O3) at participants' residences using spatiotemporal models. To assess the relationship between short- (1 to 3 months) and long-term (1 to 2 years) exposure to various air pollutants and depressive levels and occurrences, we employed linear mixed-effects models and mixed-effects logistic regression. We considered potential occupational moderators, such as labor contracts, overtime compensation, and total annual income. RESULTS: We found significant increases in depression risks within the workforce linked to both short- and long-term air pollution exposure. A 10 µg/m3 rise in 2-year average PM2.5, black carbon (BC), and O3 concentrations correlated with increments in depressive scores of 0.009, 0.173, and 0.010, and a higher likelihood of depression prevalence by 0.5 %, 12.6 %, and 0.7 %. The impacts of air pollutants and depression were more prominent in people without labor contracts, overtime compensation, and lower total incomes. CONCLUSION: Exposures to air pollutants could increase the risk of depression in the labor force population. The mitigating effects of higher income, benefits, and job security against depression underscore the need for focused mental health interventions.

Prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in end-stage liver disease: A meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is commonly utilized as a prognostic indicator in end-stage liver disease (ESLD), encompassing conditions like liver failure and decompensated cirrhosis. Nevertheless, some studies have contested the prognostic value of NLR in ESLD. AIM: To investigate the ability of NLR to predict ESLD. METHODS: Databases, such as Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Weipu, and Wanfang, were comprehensively searched to identify studies published before October 2022 assessing the prognostic ability of NLR to predict mortality in patients with ESLD. Effect sizes were calculated using comprehensive meta-analysis software and SATAT 15.1. RESULTS: A total of thirty studies involving patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD) were included in the evaluation. Among the pooled results of eight studies, it was observed that the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) was significantly higher in non-survivors compared to survivors (random-effects model: standardized mean difference = 1.02, 95% confidence interval = 0.67-1.37). Additionally, twenty-seven studies examined the associations between NLR and mortality in ESLD patients, reporting either hazard ratios (HR) or odds ratios (OR). The combined findings indicated a link between NLR and ESLD mortality (random-effects model; univariate HR = 1.07, 95%CI = 1.05-1.09; multivariate HR = 1.07, 95%CI = 1.07-1.09; univariate OR = 1.29, 95%CI = 1.18-1.39; multivariate OR = 1.29, 95%CI = 1.09-1.49). Furthermore, subgroup and meta-regression analyses revealed regional variations in the impact of NLR on ESLD mortality, with Asian studies demonstrating a more pronounced effect. CONCLUSION: Increased NLR in patients with ESLD is associated with a higher risk of mortality, particularly in Asian patients. NLR is a useful prognostic biomarker in patients with ESLD.

Mechanism Behind the Programmed Biosynthesis of Heterotrimeric Fungal Depside Thielavin A.

Thielavin A (1) is a fungal depside composed of one 3-methylorsellinic acid and two 3,5-dimethylorsellinic acid units. It displays diverse biological activities. However, the mechanism underlying the assembly of the heterotrimeric structure of 1 remains to be clarified. In this study, we identified the polyketide synthase (PKS) involved in the biosynthesis of 1. This PKS, designated as ThiA, possesses an unusual domain organization with the C-methyltransferase (MT) domain situated at the C-terminus following the thioesterase (TE) domain. Our findings indicated that the TE domain is solely responsible for two rounds of ester bond formation, along with subsequent chain hydrolysis. We identified a plausible mechanism for TE-catalyzed reactions and obtained insights into how a single PKS can selectively yield a specific heterotrimeric product. In particular, the tandem acyl carrier protein domains of ThiA are critical for programmed methylation by the MT domain. Overall, this study highlighted the occurrence of highly optimized domain-domain communication within ThiA for the selective synthesis of 1, which can advance our understanding of the programming rules of fungal PKSs.

DNA methylation mediates the effects of PM2.5 and O3 on ceramide metabolism: A novel mechanistic link between air pollution and insulin resistance.

Insulin resistance (IR), linked to air pollution, is an initial stage of early-onset Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). While ceramide metabolism plays an important role in IR pathogenesis, the effects of air pollution on this process and its mechanisms remain unclear. We recruited young adults aged 18-30 years to a panel study in Wuhan, China. Using personal portable devices and stationary monitoring stations, we tracked particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and Ozone (O3) levels. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based metabolomics quantified ceramide metabolism, and Illumina Infinium Human Methylation 850 kBeadChip assay measured deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation. Linear mixed-effects models assessed relationships of air pollution with i) IR indexes, ii) ceramide metabolism, and iii) DNA methylation. Mediation analysis was subsequently performed to evaluate the potential mediating effect of DNA methylation in the association between air pollution and ceramide metabolism. PM2.5 and O3 were associated with elevated IR. Specifically, each 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and O3 at lag0-12 h significantly increased triglyceride­glucose index (TyG index) and TyG-BMI (TyG - Body mass index) by 0.88%, 0.89% and 0.26%, 0.26%, respectively. Furthermore, levels of eight ceramides were altered by air pollution exposure, and nine methylated CpG sites in inflammation genes mediated the effects of air pollution on ceramide metabolism. Our findings imply the existence of a novel mechanism connecting air pollution to IR.

Photosensitized 1,2-Difunctionalization of Alkenes to Access ß-Amino Sulfonamides.

A metal-free photosensitized 1,2-imino-sulfamoylation of olefins by employing a tailor-made sulfamoyl carbamate as the difunctionalization reagent has been established. This protocol exhibits versatility across a broad substrate scope, including aryl and aliphatic alkenes, leading to the synthesis of diverse ß-imino sulfonamides in moderate to good yields. This method is characterized by its metal-free reaction system, mild reaction conditions, excellent regioselectivity, and high atom economy, serving as a promising platform for the preparation of ß-amino sulfonamide-containing molecules, particularly in the context of drug discovery.

Cohort profile: China undergraduate cohort for environmental health study.

The China Undergraduate Cohort (CUC) is an ambispective cohort study with its major purpose to better understand the effects of lifetime environmental exposures on health outcomes. We recruited 5322 college students with an average age of 18.3 ± 0.7 years in China from August 23, 2019 to October 28, 2019. Follow-up surveys were conducted annually. The dataset comprises individual demographic data (e.g. age, sex, height, weight, birth date, race, home address, annual family income, contact information), health-related behavior data (smoking status, smoking cessation, passive smoking exposure, drinking habit, physical activity, dietary status), lifestyle data (physical exercise, dietary habit, length of time spent outdoors), disease history (respiratory disease history, cardiovascular disease history, urinary system disease history, etc.), mental health status data (sleep quality, self-reported stress, anxiety and depression symptoms), lung function and blood samples data. Preliminary results from our cohort have found the association between air pollution, summer heat and mercury exposure and lung function among young adults in China.

Photoredox/Nickel Dual Catalysis-Enabled Aryl Formylation with 2,2-Dimethoxy-N,N-dimethylethan-1-amine as CO Source.

Herein, a dual photoredox/nickel catalyzed formylation of aryl bromide with commercially available 2,2-dimethoxy-N,N-dimethylethan-1-amine as an effective CO source has been successfully achieved, delivering a series of aromatic aldehydes in moderate to good yields. Compared with the traditional reductive carbonylation process, this newly designed synthetic protocol provides a straightforward toolbox to access aromatic aldehydes, obviating the use of carbon monoxide and stoichiometric reductants. Finally, the utility of this direct formylation reaction was demonstrated in the pharmaceutical analogue synthesis.

The Impact of Air Pollution on Physical Functioning Decline and the Benefits of Greenness: Evidence From a Nationwide Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Physical functional limitations (PFLs) increase the vulnerability of adults, but their pathogenesis remains unclear. METHODS: We conducted a nationwide longitudinal study on 62 749 records from 18 878 adults (aged ≥45) from 28 provinces in China. Risk of PFLs was assessed using a validated 9-item questionnaire. Exposure levels of air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, and PM1) and greenness (normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI) were estimated using a satellite-based spatiotemporal model. We used the cumulative link mixed effects model to estimate the associations between short-term and long-term exposure to air pollutants, greenness, and risk of PFLs. We employed the interaction effect model to evaluate interactions between air pollutants and greenness. RESULTS: Participants were 60.9 ±â€…9.6 years, with an average follow-up of 5.87 (1.65) years. Exposure to air pollution was significantly associated with a higher risk of PFLs. For instance, the odds ratio (OR) associated with each 10 µg/m3 higher in 6-month averaged PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 were 1.025 (95% CI: 1.015-1.035), 1.035 (95% CI: 1.018-1.054), and 1.029 (95% CI: 1.007-1.050), respectively. Conversely, exposure to greenness was associated with decreased risk of PFLs; the OR associated with each 1-unit higher in 1-year averaged NDVI was 0.724 (95% CI: 0.544-0.962). Furthermore, higher greenness levels were found to mitigate the adverse effects of 1-year, 6-month, 1-month averaged PM10, and 1-year averaged PM2.5 on the risk of PFLs. CONCLUSIONS: Air pollution raises the risk of PFLs, whereas greenness could mitigate the adverse effects. Reducing air pollution and enhancing greenness could prevent physical functioning.

Intestinal malrotation complicated with gastric cancer: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Intestinal malrotation is a congenital defect of embryonic development caused by various teratogenic factors. In this condition, the intestinal tube, along with the superior mesenteric artery serving as the axis for the counterclockwise movement, is incomplete or abnormally rotated due to incomplete attachment of the mesentery and abnormal intestinal tube position. Such a case is usually asymptomatic and thus difficult to detect. Therefore, similar variant malformations are only found during an operation required for other abdominal diseases. CASE SUMMARY: An elderly male patient was admitted to the hospital due to gastric cancer. An abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan with contrast revealed that the ascending and descending colon were parallel on the right side of the abdominal cavity, while the sigmoid colon extended into the right iliac fossa, allowing the diagnosis of congenital midgut malrotation. Following thorough preoperative preparation, the patient underwent laparoscopic radical gastrectomy to treat his gastric cancer. Intraoperatively, an exploration of the abdominal cavity uncovered the absence of the transverse colon. The distal colon at the hepatic flexure, along with the ascending colon, extended into the right iliac fossa, where it continued as the sigmoid colon. As planned, the laparoscopic radical gastrectomy was performed, and the patient was discharged from the hospital 7 d after the surgery. CONCLUSION: Asymptomatic intestinal malrotation is best detected by CT, requiring no treatment but possibly interfering with the treatment of other diseases.

Ambient ozone pollution impairs glucose homeostasis and contributes to renal function decline: Population-based evidence.

Particulate matter pollution could increase the risk of kidney disease, while evidence for ozone exposure is less well-established. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effect of ozone pollution on renal function and explore mechanisms. We first conducted a cross-sectional study based on Wuhan Chronic Disease Cohort Study baseline information. We recruited 2699 eligible participants, estimated their residential ozone concentrations, collected fasting peripheral blood samples for biochemical analysis and calculated the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The linear regression model was applied to evaluate the long-term association between ozone pollution and eGFR. Then, we recruited another 70 volunteers as a panel with 8 rounds follow-up visits. We calculated the eGFR and measured fasting blood glucose and lipid levels. The linear mixed-effect model along with mediation analysis were performed to confirm the short-term association and explore potential mechanisms, respectively. For the long-term association, a 10.95 µg/m3 increment of 3-year ozone exposure was associated with 2.96 mL/min/1.73 m2 decrease in eGFR (95%CI: -4.85, -1.06). Furthermore, the drinkers exhibited a pronounced declination of eGFR (-7.46 mL/min/1.73 m2, 95%CI: -11.84, -3.08) compared to non-drinkers in relation to ozone exposure. Additionally, a 19.02 µg/m3 increase in 3-day ozone concentrations was related to 2.51 mL/min/1.73 m2 decrease in eGFR (95%CI: -3.78, -1.26). Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance mediated 12.2% and 16.5% of the aforementioned association, respectively. Our findings indicated that higher ozone pollution could affect renal function, and the hyperglycemia and insulin resistance linked to ozone might be the underlying mechanisms.

Habitual fish oil supplementation, genetic susceptibility of kidney stones and the risk of new-onset kidney stones.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess the association between habitual fish oil use and new-onset kidney stones in participants with different levels of genetic risks of kidney stones. METHODS: 477,311 participants free of kidney stones at baseline from the UK Biobank cohort were included. Fish oil use was collected by both food frequency questionnaires and 24-h dietary recalls. A genetic risk score (GRS) for kidney stones was calculated based on 20 single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with kidney stones. The primary outcome was new-onset kidney stones. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 12.0 years, 5,637 cases of kidney stones were documented. Participants with high genetic risks of kidney stones had a higher risk of new-onset kidney stones (vs. low or intermediate risks; adjusted HR, 1.52; 95 %CI:1.44-1.60). Compared with non-users, habitual use of fish oil was associated with a lower risk of new-onset kidney stones (adjusted HR, 0.84, 95 %CI, 0.78-0.92) in participants with low or intermediate genetic risks, but not in those with high genetic risks of kidney stones (adjusted HR, 1.02, 95 %CI, 0.93-1.12; P-interaction =0.001). Among those with low or intermediate genetic risks of kidney stones, compared with fish oil constant nonusers, the adjusted HRs (95 %CI) for kidney stones were 0.89 (0.75-1.06), 0.72 (0.58-0.90), and 0.79 (0.64-0.97), for fish oil occasional users, modestly constant users, and moderately and highly constant users (P for trend = 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Habitual fish oil use was associated with a lower risk of new-onset kidney stones in participants with low or intermediate genetic risk of kidney stones.