Deep Subdomain Learning Adaptation Network: A Sensor Fault-Tolerant Soft Sensor for Industrial Processes.

Sensor faults are non-negligible issues for soft sensor modeling. However, existing deep learning-based soft sensors are fragile and sensitive when considering sensor faults. To improve the robustness against sensor faults, this article proposes a deep subdomain learning adaptation network (DSLAN) to develop a sensor fault-tolerant soft sensor, which is capable of handling both sensor degradation and sensor failure simultaneously. Primarily, domain adaptation works for process data with sensor degradation in industrial processes. Being founded on the basic structure of deep domain adaptation, a novel subdomain learner is added to automatically learn the subdomain division, enabling DSLAN adaptable to multimode industrial processes. Notably, the subdomain structure of each sample follows a categorical distribution parameterized by output of the subdomain learner. Based on the designed subdomain learner, a new probabilistic local maximum mean discrepancy (PLMMD) is presented to measure the difference in distribution between source and target features. In addition, a generator for failure data imputation is integrated in the framework, making DSLAN handle sensor failure simultaneously. Finally, the Tennessee Eastman (TE) benchmark process and two real industrial processes are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. With the fault tolerance ability, soft sensing technology will take a step toward practical applications.

Effect of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) and bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP-2) transfection of rBMSCs compounded with platelet-rich plasma on adipogenic differentiation

The aim of this study was to inhibit adipogenic differentiation by transfecting two growth factors, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) and bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP-2), into modified rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) and then compounded with platelet-rich plasma (PRP). To achieve rBMSCs, the osteoporosis model of rats was established, and then the rBMSCs from the rats were isolated and identified. Co-transfection of rBMSCs with PDGF-BB-GFP and BMP-2 and detection of PDGF-BB/BMP-2 expression in transfected BMSCs was assessed by qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. Moreover, the effect of the two growth factors transfection of rBMSCs on adipogenic differentiation was evaluated by oil red O staining and western blot, respectively. Finally, construction of the two growth factors transfection of rBMSCs compounded with PRP and detection of adipogenic differentiation were assessed by oil red O staining, CCK-8, and western blot, respectively. In vitro studies revealed that the two growth factors transfection of rBMSCs compounded with PRP promoted cell viability and inhibited adipogenic differentiation and could be promising for inhibiting adipogenic differentiation.

Effect of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) and bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP-2) transfection of rBMSCs compounded with platelet-rich plasma on adipogenic differentiation.

The aim of this study was to inhibit adipogenic differentiation by transfecting two growth factors, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) and bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP-2), into modified rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) and then compounded with platelet-rich plasma (PRP). To achieve rBMSCs, the osteoporosis model of rats was established, and then the rBMSCs from the rats were isolated and identified. Co-transfection of rBMSCs with PDGF-BB-GFP and BMP-2 and detection of PDGF-BB/BMP-2 expression in transfected BMSCs was assessed by qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. Moreover, the effect of the two growth factors transfection of rBMSCs on adipogenic differentiation was evaluated by oil red O staining and western blot, respectively. Finally, construction of the two growth factors transfection of rBMSCs compounded with PRP and detection of adipogenic differentiation were assessed by oil red O staining, CCK-8, and western blot, respectively. In vitro studies revealed that the two growth factors transfection of rBMSCs compounded with PRP promoted cell viability and inhibited adipogenic differentiation and could be promising for inhibiting adipogenic differentiation.

Input and state estimation for linear systems with a rank-deficient direct feedthrough matrix.

The problem of joint input and state estimation for linear stochastic systems with a rank-deficient direct feedthrough matrix is discussed in this paper. Results from previous studies only solve the state estimation problem; globally optimal estimation of the unknown input is not provided. Based on linear minimum-variance unbiased estimation, a five-step recursive filter with global optimality is proposed to estimate both the unknown input and the state. The relationship between the proposed filter and the existing results is addressed. We show that the unbiased input estimation does not require any new information or additional constraints. Both the state and the unknown input can be estimated under the same unbiasedness condition. Global optimalities of both the state estimator and the unknown input estimator are proven in the minimum-variance unbiased sense.

A two-time scale decentralized model predictive controller based on input and output model.

A decentralized model predictive controller applicable for some systems which exhibit different dynamic characteristics in different channels was presented in this paper. These systems can be regarded as combinations of a fast model and a slow model, the response speeds of which are in two-time scale. Because most practical models used for control are obtained in the form of transfer function matrix by plant tests, a singular perturbation method was firstly used to separate the original transfer function matrix into two models in two-time scale. Then a decentralized model predictive controller was designed based on the two models derived from the original system. And the stability of the control method was proved. Simulations showed that the method was effective.