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1.
Artículo en Japonés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39284727

RESUMEN

Objectives This study aimed to analyze and clarify the role of public health nurses (PHNs) in assisting mothers who need assistance during antenatal checkups.Methods This study was conducted in core city, A. The study participants were PHNs who experienced supporting at least three mothers who required support during maternity health checkups. We interviewed the respondents about their observations, decision points, difficulties in coordination, and other aspects of support. Data were extracted from verbatim transcripts and analyzed inductively.Results Sixteen PHNs participants had an average of 9.3 years of experience. The analysis included 10 categories, 43 subcategories, and four themes. PHNs connected with mothers early depending on the mothers' wants, based on information gathered during the gestational period (theme 1). PHNs make early telephone visits to mothers based on information obtained during the gestational period. If the mother did not respond to the initial visit, the PHNs attempted to establish contact through other means.PHNs carefully observed and assessed mothers' childcare routines and mental and physical conditions (theme 2). To assess the mothers' mental health status, they were interviewed in detail using the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Determining the mother's condition was challenging; therefore, several PHNs conducted multiple visits and repeated the observations to achieve accurate assessments.The PHNs stayed close to their mothers and carefully supported them toward independence while assessing their progress (theme 3). PHNs established trusting relationships with mothers.PHNs served as coordinators in resolving problems and provided ongoing support in cooperation with medical institutions and related organizations (theme 4). The PHNs carefully coordinated consultations and encouraged mothers to consult psychiatrists if appropriate. Conclusion Although PHNs provided attentive care to mothers requiring assistance, difficulties arise in accurately diagnosing postpartum depression and connecting mothers to psychiatric services. Guidelines that standardize the assessment of and responses to mental health issues are required. It is necessary to organize the problems faced by mothers and develop a system of cooperation among various organizations.

2.
Environ Res ; 261: 119715, 2024 Nov 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39096992

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: With the recent advent of technology, it is important to confirm the health and safety of the youth. This study aimed to prospectively evaluate the relationship between Wi-Fi, cordless phones, and mobile phone usage patterns and behavioral problems. METHODS: This study involved 2465 children aged 8-17 years from the Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children's Health from October 2020 to January 2021, with a follow-up from September 2021 to March 2022. The mother-child dyad provided information on the presence of residential Wi-Fi and cordless phones, cordless phone call duration, and mobile phone usage pattern (duration of calls using mobile network and internet, online audio streaming, online video streaming, and playing online games) via a baseline questionnaire. Based on the scores on Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire at baseline and follow-up, the children were categorized into four groups: normal, persistent, improved, and concurrent. RESULTS: No significant association was found between Wi-Fi, mobile phone calls via mobile networks, and behavioral problems. Cordless phone at home had higher odds for improvement in total difficulty scores, and cordless phone for calling more than 4 min per week had lower odds of persistent problematic prosocial behavior. Longer duration of mobile phone calling via the internet (>40 min/week) had higher odds of concurrent total difficulties. Mobile phone calling via mobile network for <5 min per week had higher odds for improved total difficulty scores. Audio streaming via mobile phones for 60-120 min had lower odds of persistent total difficulties. CONCLUSION: Our results showed sporadic findings between residential RF-EMF indoor sources and mobile phone usage pattern. These observed findings could be affected by residual confounding and chance findings. Ongoing follow-up studies are necessary to further explore this association through detailed exposure assessment and addressing the potential limitations of our study.


Asunto(s)
Teléfono Celular , Humanos , Niño , Estudios Prospectivos , Femenino , Japón , Masculino , Adolescente , Teléfono Celular/estadística & datos numéricos , Uso del Teléfono Celular/estadística & datos numéricos , Uso del Teléfono Celular/efectos adversos , Problema de Conducta , Tecnología Inalámbrica , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Pueblos del Este de Asia
3.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39048352

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Heavy metals such as lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) have been associated with adverse pregnancy and developmental outcomes, including congenital abnormalities. This study investigated the association between exposure to heavy metals and trace elements during fetal life and congenital limb abnormalities in infants. METHODS: This study is based on a prospective ongoing nationwide birth cohort from the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS). The concentrations of Cd, Pb, mercury (Hg), selenium (Se), and manganese (Mn) were measured in maternal blood collected during the mid-late trimesters. Inclusion criteria were available from questionnaires filled in during pregnancy, including information about congenital limb abnormalities at birth or at one month. To examine the associations with limb anomalies and individual chemicals, logistic regression models were applied following log-transformation or division into quartiles of Cd, Pb, Hg, Se, and Mn concentrations. To assess the associations with the heavy metals and trace elements mixture, quantile g-computation was employed. All models were adjusted for age, maternal smoking history, maternal alcohol intake, history of smoking, and infant sex. RESULTS: Data from 90,163 participants were included in the analysis, of whom 369 had congenital limb abnormalities in any of the collected information, and 89,794 had none. Among the 369 cases of congenital limb abnormalities, there were 185 and 142 cases of polydactyly and syndactyly, respectively. The median concentrations of Pb, Cd, Hg, Se, and Mn were 5.85, 0.66, 3.64, 168, and 15.3 ng/g, respectively. There were no associations between maternal blood concentrations of Pb [adjusted odd ratio = 0.83; 95% confidence interval = 0.61, 1.11], Cd [0.87; 0.68, 1.10], Hg [0.88; 0.73, 1.07], Se [1.07; 0.44, 2.59], and Mn [0.91; 0.64, 1.30] with congenital limb abnormalities. No significant association was observed between the mixture of heavy metals and trace elements [0.85; 0.72, 1.02] and any congenital limb abnormalities. Moreover, there was no association with all polydactylies and all syndactylies, or any type of abnormality as a subdivision. CONCLUSION: At the maternal exposure levels of Cd, Pb, Hg, Se, and Mn assessed in the present study, no association was identified with the risk of developing congenital limb abnormalities in children.


Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Ambientales , Deformidades Congénitas de las Extremidades , Exposición Materna , Metales Pesados , Oligoelementos , Humanos , Japón/epidemiología , Femenino , Metales Pesados/sangre , Oligoelementos/sangre , Oligoelementos/deficiencia , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Prevalencia , Embarazo , Deformidades Congénitas de las Extremidades/epidemiología , Deformidades Congénitas de las Extremidades/sangre , Deformidades Congénitas de las Extremidades/inducido químicamente , Exposición Materna/efectos adversos , Exposición Materna/estadística & datos numéricos , Contaminantes Ambientales/sangre , Adulto , Estudios Prospectivos
4.
PLoS One ; 19(7): e0305957, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39083507

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Childhood asthma is known to be affected by a range of factors, including conditions in the indoor environment. While flooring material influences indoor air conditions, the potential association between flooring materials and childhood asthma remains poorly understood in Japan. OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to assess the association between childhood asthma incidence and the primary flooring material with the ongoing prospective nationwide birth cohort data of the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS). METHODS: The JECS gathered data on mothers and children through 15 Regional Centres across Japan. The present study assessed flooring materials used in the home and asthma incidence at age four among children born between 2011 and 2014. We implemented logistic regressions, setting asthma incidence among the children as the outcome and home floor type as the exposure. Additional analyses were conducted, stratifying the home's age as a proxy for tatami age, to assess whether the potential effect of tatami flooring on asthma risk is influenced by its age. RESULTS: The present study included total of 75,629 infants. For tatami flooring, the main multivariable regression and additional sub-group regression for homes over ten years old produced odds ratios of 1.09; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [1.01-1.17] and 1.10; 95% CI [1.00-1.21] compared with flooring, respectively. CONCLUSION: These results imply that exposure to tatami flooring, particularly in older homes, may be associated with childhood asthma incidence. Moreover, our study highlights the importance of evaluating the relationship between regional and cultural differences between asthma and flooring materials.


Asunto(s)
Asma , Pisos y Cubiertas de Piso , Humanos , Asma/epidemiología , Asma/etiología , Japón/epidemiología , Femenino , Estudios Prospectivos , Masculino , Preescolar , Cohorte de Nacimiento , Lactante , Incidencia , Contaminación del Aire Interior/efectos adversos , Niño , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos
5.
Environ Res ; 252(Pt 2): 118871, 2024 Jul 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38582425

RESUMEN

The quality of indoor environment is a risk factor for early childhood eczema and atopic dermatitis; however, its influence during pregnancy on childhood eczema in Japan has not been investigated. In this study, we aimed to determine the indoor environmental factors that are associated with eczema in children up to 3 years of age, using national birth cohort data from the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS). Information on indoor environments and eczema symptoms until 3 years of age was collected using self-administered questionnaires to the mothers. A total of 71,883 and 58,639 mother-child pairs at 1.5- and 3-years-old, respectively, were included in the former analyses. To account for prenatal indoor risk factors, 17,568 (1.5-years-old) and 7063 (3-years-old) children without indoor mold and/or ETS exposure were included in the final analysis. A higher mold index, gas heater use, parquet flooring use, and frequent insecticide use showed significantly increased risks for childhood eczema up to 3 years of age. These associations were consistent after stratification analysis among children whose parents did not have a history of allergies. The updated WHO guidelines on indoor air quality should be implemented based on recent findings regarding the effects of prenatal exposure to indoor dampness on health effects of children further in life, including asthma, respiratory effects, eczema, and other immunological effects.


Asunto(s)
Contaminación del Aire Interior , Eccema , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Humanos , Japón/epidemiología , Femenino , Preescolar , Embarazo , Eccema/epidemiología , Eccema/etiología , Factores de Riesgo , Lactante , Contaminación del Aire Interior/efectos adversos , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/epidemiología , Incidencia , Masculino , Adulto , Encuestas y Cuestionarios
6.
Early Hum Dev ; 189: 105925, 2024 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38199046

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Low birth weight (LBW) is a significant global health concern with potential health risks and developmental implications for infants. Catch-up growth, an accelerated growth following an inhibition period, may partially compensate for growth deficits in LBW children. AIMS: This study investigated the prevalence of LBW and catch-up growth in height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) among LBW children in Japan, identified factors associated with LBW, and explored the potential for catch-up growth at different ages up to seven years. STUDY DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: The Hokkaido birth cohort study included 20,926 pregnant Japanese women recruited during their first trimester from 37 hospitals and clinics. Follow-up assessments were conducted in children up to seven years of age, tracking LBW children's growth and development using the Maternal and Child Health Handbook, and providing valuable insights into catch-up growth patterns. OUTCOME MEASURES: LBW was defined as a neonatal birth weight of <2500 g. The primary outcomes were catch-up growth in height, weight, and BMI at different ages. Z-scores were calculated to assess growth parameters with catch-up growth, defined as a change in z-score (> 0.67) between two time points. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: A LBW was prevalent in 7.6 % of the cohort, which was lower than that reported in other Japanese studies. Among LBW children, 19.3 % achieved catch-up growth in height by age seven, and 10.6 % in weight. Catch-up growth in LBW children could partially offset these deficits. Further research will help understand the long-term outcomes and inform interventions for healthy development.


Asunto(s)
Recién Nacido de Bajo Peso , Mujeres Embarazadas , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Lactante , Niño , Embarazo , Femenino , Estudios de Cohortes , Japón/epidemiología , Peso al Nacer
7.
Environ Int ; 183: 108321, 2024 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38061246

RESUMEN

Kawasaki disease (KD) is common among pediatric patients and is associated with an increased risk of later cardiovascular complications, though the precise pathophysiology of KD remains unknown. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have gathered notoriety as the causal pathogens of numerous diseases as well as for their immunosuppressive effects. The present epidemiological study aims to assess whether PFAS may affect KD risk. We evaluated research participants included in the ongoing prospective nationwide birth cohort of the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS). Among the over 100,000 pregnant women enrolled in the JECS study, 28 types of PFAS were measured in pregnancy in a subset of participants (N = 25,040). The JECS followed their children born between 2011 and 2014 (n total infants = 25,256; n Kawasaki disease infants = 271), up to age four. Among the 28 types of PFAS, those which were detected in >60 % of participants at levels above the method reporting limit (MRL) were eligible for analyses. Multivariable logistic regressions were implemented on the seven eligible PFAS, adjusting for multiple comparison effects. Finally, we conducted Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) to assess the effects of the PFAS mixture on KD. Therefore, we ran the BKMR model using kernel mechanical regression equations to examine PFAS exposure and the outcomes of KD. Upon analysis, the adjusted multivariable regression results did not reach statistical significance for the seven eligible substances on KD, while odds ratios were all under 1.0. WQS regression was used to estimate the mixture effect of the seven eligible PFAS, revealing a negative correlation with KD incidence; similarly, BKMR implied an inverse association between the PFAS mixture effect and KD incidence. In conclusion, PFAS exposure was not associated with increased KD incidence.


Asunto(s)
Ácidos Alcanesulfónicos , Contaminantes Ambientales , Fluorocarburos , Síndrome Mucocutáneo Linfonodular , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Embarazo , Teorema de Bayes , Cohorte de Nacimiento , Fluorocarburos/toxicidad , Japón , Síndrome Mucocutáneo Linfonodular/inducido químicamente , Estudios Prospectivos , Vitaminas , Recién Nacido , Preescolar
8.
Clin Pharmacol Ther ; 114(2): 393-403, 2023 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37151119

RESUMEN

Resistant hypertension is defined as uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) despite the use of three or more antihypertensive drugs of different classes. Although genetic factors may greatly contribute to hypertension with resistance to multiple drug classes, more than for general hypertension, its pathogenesis remains unknown. To reveal the genetic background of resistant hypertension, we categorized 32,239 patients whose data were obtained from the BioBank Japan Project, by prescription of 7 classes of antihypertensive drugs and performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Our GWAS identified four loci with significant association (P < 5 × 10-8 ): rs6445583 in CACNA1D and rs12308051 in the intergenic region on chromosome 12 for angiotensin II receptor blockers, rs35497065 in FOXA3 for calcium channel blockers, and rs11066280 in HECTD4 for αß-blockers. Because these loci are known to be susceptibility loci for hypertension and/or BP, our results indicate that resistant hypertension is caused by a combination of excessive BP and drug resistance to each antihypertensive pharmacological class. Furthermore, to investigate the genetic difference between BP traits and the treatment effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs, we performed gene-set analysis and calculated the genetic correlation continuously. Most of the genetic factors were in common between BP traits and antihypertensive effectiveness, but it seems that the genetic architecture of the drug response to antihypertensive treatment is more complicated than BP traits. This corresponds to the well-known mosaic theory of hypertension. Our findings reveal the complex pathogenesis of hypertension with resistance to multiple classes of antihypertensive drugs.


Asunto(s)
Antihipertensivos , Hipertensión , Humanos , Antihipertensivos/uso terapéutico , Antihipertensivos/farmacología , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Hipertensión/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipertensión/genética , Bloqueadores de los Canales de Calcio/uso terapéutico , Presión Sanguínea , Resistencia a Medicamentos
9.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37045754

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Concerns have been raised about the adverse health impacts of mobile device usage. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to examine the association between a child's age at the first use of a mobile device and the duration of use as well as associated behavioral problems among school-aged children. METHODS: This study focused on children aged 7-17 years participating in the Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children's Health. Between October 2020 and October 2021, the participants (n = 3,021) completed a mobile device use-related questionnaire and the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ). According to the SDQ score (normal or borderline/high), the outcome variable was behavioral problems. The independent variable was child's age at first use of a mobile device and the duration of use. Covariates included the child's age at the time of survey, sex, sleep problems, internet addiction, health-related quality of life, and history of developmental concerns assessed at health checkups. Logistic regression analysis was performed for all children; the analysis was stratified based on the elementary, junior high, and senior high school levels. RESULTS: According to the SDQ, children who were younger at their first use of a mobile device and used a mobile device for a longer duration represented more problematic behaviors. This association was more pronounced among elementary school children. Moreover, subscale SDQ analysis showed that hyperactivity, and peer and emotional problems among elementary school children, emotional problems among junior high school children, and conduct problems among senior high school children were related to early and long usage of mobile devices. CONCLUSIONS: Elementary school children are more sensitive to mobile device usage than older children, and early use of mobile devices may exacerbate emotional instability and oppositional behaviors in teenagers. Longitudinal follow-up studies are needed to clarify whether these problems disappear with age.


Asunto(s)
Problema de Conducta , Calidad de Vida , Adolescente , Humanos , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Salud Infantil , Problema de Conducta/psicología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Computadoras de Mano
10.
Environ Res ; 216(Pt 1): 114429, 2023 01 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36174753

RESUMEN

The opportunities for exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) among children are increasing. Children's exposure to RF-EMF in Japan was recorded using a personal exposure meter (ExpoM-RF), and factors associated with the exposure examined. A total of 101 children, aged 10-15 years old, participated in the prospective birth cohort "Hokkaido study". RF-EMF data were recorded in the 700 MHz-5.8 GHz frequency range for 3 days. The recorded data were summarized into six groups of frequency bands: downlink from mobile phone base stations (DL), uplink from mobile phones to a base station (UL), Wireless Local Area Network (LAN), terrestrial digital TV broadcasting (digital TV), 2.5 GHz and 3.5 GHz Time Division Duplex (TDD), 1.9 GHz TDD, and total (the summation of power density in all measured frequency bands). A questionnaire was used to document the internet environment (at home) and mobile phone usage. Personal RF-EMF exposure in Japanese children was lower than that reported in studies in Europe. The DL signals from mobile phone base stations were the most significant contributors to total exposure, while Wireless LAN and digital TV were only higher at home. The urban residence was consistently associated with increases in the four groups of frequency bands (DL, UL, digital TV, and TDD). TDD level has several associations with mobile phone usage (calls using mobile phones, video viewing, text message service, and online game). The association between inattention/hyperactivity subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and higher Wireless LAN exposure at nighttime was also noted. Further studies with additional data will shed light on factors involved in RF-EMF exposure among Japanese children.


Asunto(s)
Teléfono Celular , Salud Infantil , Niño , Humanos , Adolescente , Japón , Estudios Prospectivos , Ondas de Radio , Campos Electromagnéticos/efectos adversos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales
11.
Congenit Anom (Kyoto) ; 63(1): 9-15, 2023 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36151603

RESUMEN

This study aimed to document the complication status of infants with orofacial clefts born between 2011 and 2014 in Japan. This was a descriptive study using data from the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Among 103 060 pregnancies, 248 infants with orofacial clefts were included (livebirth, 239; stillbirth, 4; miscarriage, 5). The items of interest were complication status of orofacial clefts: isolated (typical orofacial clefts only); multi-malformed (orofacial clefts with unrelated major defects); syndromic (orofacial clefts with a syndrome or a chromosomal defect). Regarding the cleft subtypes, of 248 infants with orofacial clefts, 104 had cleft lip with cleft palate (CLP) (41.9%), 68 had cleft lip without cleft palate (CL) (27.4%), 58 had cleft palate without cleft lip (CP) (23.4%), and 18 were nonclassified (7.3%). In infants with CLP, the proportions of isolated, multi-malformed, and syndromic phenotypes were 73.1%, 15.4%, and 11.5%, respectively. In infants with CL, the proportions were 79.4%, 16.2%, and 4.4%, respectively. In infants with CP, the proportions were 69.0%, 13.8%, and 17.2%, respectively. The most frequently associated congenital anomaly was congenital heart disease. In infants with syndromic CLP, 41.7% had trisomy 13. In infants with syndromic CP, 80.0% had the Pierre Robin sequence. Congenital heart disease could be the most frequently associated congenital anomaly. The most frequently associated syndrome could be trisomy 13 in those with CLP and Pierre Robin sequence in those with CP.


Asunto(s)
Labio Leporino , Fisura del Paladar , Cardiopatías Congénitas , Síndrome de Pierre Robin , Humanos , Embarazo , Femenino , Labio Leporino/diagnóstico , Labio Leporino/epidemiología , Labio Leporino/genética , Fisura del Paladar/diagnóstico , Fisura del Paladar/epidemiología , Fisura del Paladar/genética , Síndrome de la Trisomía 13 , Japón/epidemiología , Cardiopatías Congénitas/diagnóstico , Cardiopatías Congénitas/epidemiología
13.
Cleft Palate Craniofac J ; : 10556656221128425, 2022 Sep 26.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36163681

RESUMEN

Although children with orofacial clefts have an increased risk for sleep-disordered breathing, no studies have examined the association of sleep duration. Thus, this study aimed to examine associations between orofacial clefts and sleep duration at 1 month, 6 months, 1 year, and 3 years of age in Japan.A cohort study from the Japan Environment and Children's Study.This study consisted of 91 497 children, including ones with isolated cleft lip and palate (n = 69), isolated cleft lip only (n = 48), and isolated cleft palate only (n = 37), for which recruitment was undertaken during 2011 to 2014.Seep durations (hours per day) at 1 month, 6 months, 1 year, and 3 years of age, as reported by their mothers.In the control group, mean sleep durations and standard deviations at 1 month, 6 months, 1 year, and 3 years of age were 15.2 (2.5), 13.6 (1.9), 12.9 (1.6), and 11.6 (1.2) h, respectively. Compared to the control group, linear regression models reported effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals shorter than 1 h for sleep duration of each type of isolated orofacial cleft at each time point.This study suggested null associations between isolated orofacial clefts and sleep duration at 1 month, 6 months, 1 year, and 3 years of age. Children with isolated orofacial clefts had sufficient mean sleep duration.

14.
Environ Int ; 168: 107448, 2022 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35964534

RESUMEN

Neurodevelopmental delay is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Prenatal metal exposure can potentially cause neurodevelopmental delays in children. This study examines whether prenatal exposure to mercury (Hg) and selenium (Se) is associated with the risk of neurodevelopmental delays in children up to 4 years of age. Children enrolled in a prospective birth cohort of the Japan Environment and Children's Study were examined. Hg and Se levels in maternal (nchild = 48,731) and cord (nchild = 3,083) blood were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Neurodevelopmental delays were assessed in children between the ages of 0.5 to 4 years using the Ages and Stages Questionnaires, Third Edition. The association between exposure and outcomes was examined using the generalized estimation equation models. In maternal blood, compared to participants with Se levels in the first quartile (83.0 to < 156 ng/g), the odds ratio (95 % confidence intervals) for problem-solving ability in children of mothers in the third (168 to < 181 ng/g) and fourth quartiles (181 to 976 ng/g) were 1.08 (1.01 to 1.14) and 1.10 (1.04 to 1.17), respectively. Furthermore, communication, gross and fine motor skills, and problem-solving delays were also observed. However, prenatal Hg levels in maternal and cord blood and Se levels in the latter were not associated with neurodevelopmental delays in children. Thus, the findings of this study suggest an association between Se levels in maternal blood and slightly increased risks of neurodevelopmental delays in children up to the age of 4 years.

15.
Early Hum Dev ; 171: 105607, 2022 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35763937

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Caffeine intake by pregnant women may have neurodevelopmental effects on the fetus due to adenosine antagonism. However, there are insufficient data and inconsistent results from epidemiological studies on the effect of maternal caffeine intake on child development. AIMS: This study examined the association between mothers' estimated caffeine intake during pregnancy and their children's score on the Japanese version of the Ages & Stages Questionnaires™ (J-ASQ) at 6 and 12 months of age. STUDY DESIGN: The study is a part of nationwide prospective birth-cohort study: the Japan Environment and Children's Study. SUBJECTS: In total, 87,106 participants with the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) data and J-ASQ at 6 or 12 months of age were included in the study. OUTCOME MEASURES: The data were analyzed by logistic regression analysis to determine whether the scores of the five subscales on the J-ASQ were below the cutoff point as the dependent variable. RESULTS: The results showed that children born to mothers who consumed >300 mg caffeine per day had a 1.11-fold increased odds of gross motor developmental delay at 12 months of age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.114 [95 % CI: 1.013-1.226]). CONCLUSIONS: Issues in gross motor development can emerge prior to future developmental issues. Therefore, further studies on developmental outcomes in older children, including the future outcomes of the children who participated in this study, are needed.


Asunto(s)
Cafeína , Desarrollo Infantil , Cafeína/efectos adversos , Niño , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Japón/epidemiología , Embarazo , Estudios Prospectivos
16.
Neurotoxicology ; 91: 11-21, 2022 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35490840

RESUMEN

Previous studies have indicated that prenatal exposure to dioxin-like compounds (DLC) or polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) has a negative association with neurodevelopment in school-aged children. Event-related brain potentials (ERP) can reveal subtle and specific differences in the modulation of cognitive processes that are assumed when they are associated with lower levels of prenatal exposure to DLC or PCBs. This prospective birth cohort study was conducted to examine the association between prenatal exposure to relatively low levels of DLC, PCB or methylmercury (MeHg), and ERP. A total of 55 children who were 13 years old participated in a 3-stimulus oddball task to detect P3a and P3b waves. The task required participants to respond to a target among random stimuli at two difficulty levels. The P3a amplitude reflects an automated attention capture process, and P3b reflects a voluntary attention allocation process. We analyzed DLC congeners in blood samples from four groups, including 7 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD), 10 polychlorinated dibenzofuranes (PCDF), 4 non-ortho PCBs, and 8 mono-ortho PCBs. PCB-153 was chosen as an indicator because of its high correlation with the sum of 58 NDL (non-dioxin-like)-PCBs. MeHg exposure level was assessed by the mercury concentration in hair samples (HHg) taken during the perinatal period. The reaction time to the target stimulus during the oddball task shortened with the increasing MeHg exposure level. Furthermore, P3b latency, which reflect response decision and correlates with reaction time, was also shortened with increasing MeHg level in the difficult condition. These results are counterintuitive because shorter reaction times or rapid decision making reflected by P3 latency are generally favorable. This might be due to nutritional factors such as fatty acids, which have beneficial effects on brain development. The P3a amplitude decreased with non- and mono-ortho PCB and HHg levels, regardless of the difficulty level, and with PCDD, PCDF, and total DLC levels, especially in the difficult condition. P3b latency shortened with HHg, and P3b amplitude decreased with mono-ortho PCBs and PCB-153 in both conditions and with PCDD, PCDF, non-ortho PCBs, and total DLC in the difficult condition. In conclusion, we found an association between prenatal exposure to DLC and a decrease in both P3a and P3b amplitude, even when DLC levels were lower than in most previous studies. Additionally, our results suggest that the automated attention capture process reflected by P3a is associated with maternal MeHg exposure and that the voluntary attention allocation process reflected by P3b is associated with PCB-153. However, these results should be interpreted with caution because of the limitations on sample size, population bias, and statistical analyses.


Asunto(s)
Dioxinas , Compuestos de Metilmercurio , Bifenilos Policlorados , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Adolescente , Encéfalo , Dioxinas/toxicidad , Femenino , Humanos , Compuestos de Metilmercurio/toxicidad , Bifenilos Policlorados/toxicidad , Dibenzodioxinas Policloradas/toxicidad , Embarazo , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/inducido químicamente , Estudios Prospectivos
17.
J Epidemiol ; 32(6): 270-276, 2022 06 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33441508

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are a cause of inpatient and outpatient care among children. Although orofacial clefts seem to be associated with LRTIs, epidemiological studies are scarce on this topic. This study aimed to examine whether infants with orofacial clefts were associated with LRTIs. METHODS: This prospective cohort study used data from the Japan Environment and Children's Study, for which baseline recruitment was conducted during 2011-2014. This study included 81,535 participants. The number of infants with cleft lip and palate (CLP), cleft lip (CL), and cleft palate only (CP) was 67, 49, and 36, respectively. We defined history of LRTIs until 12 months' age reported by their mothers as the dependent variable. Accumulated breastfeeding duration was used as a potential mediator. RESULTS: The incidence proportion of LRTIs among the control group was 6.0%. The incidence proportion among infants with CLP, CL, and CP were 11.9%, 14.3%, and 5.6%, respectively. After adjusting for covariates, compared with the control group, infants with CLP and CL were associated with risk of LRTIs (incidence risk ratio [IRR] of CLP, 2.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30-4.36 and IRR of CL, 2.73; 95% CI, 1.40-5.33), but not ones with CP (IRR 1.08; 95% CI, 0.28-4.15). Accumulated breastfeeding duration decreased the IRR of CLP only (IRR of CLP, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.19-3.93). CONCLUSION: Infants with orofacial clefts aged 1 year have a potentially high incidence proportion of LRTIs. Accumulated breastfeeding duration might mediate the associations of CLP.


Asunto(s)
Labio Leporino , Fisura del Paladar , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio , Niño , Labio Leporino/epidemiología , Fisura del Paladar/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Japón/epidemiología , Estudios Prospectivos , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/epidemiología
18.
Cell Genom ; 2(3): 100101, 2022 Mar 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36777335

RESUMEN

The killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) recognizes human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules and modulates the function of natural killer cells. Despite its role in immunity, the complex genomic structure has limited a deep understanding of the KIR genomic landscape. Here we conduct deep sequencing of 16 KIR genes in 1,173 individuals. We devise a bioinformatics pipeline incorporating copy number estimation and insertion or deletion (indel) calling for high-resolution KIR genotyping. We define 118 alleles in 13 genes and demonstrate a linkage disequilibrium structure within and across KIR centromeric and telomeric regions. We construct a KIR imputation reference panel (nreference = 689, imputation accuracy = 99.7%), apply it to biobank genotype (ntotal = 169,907), and perform phenome-wide association studies of 85 traits. We observe a dearth of genome-wide significant associations, even in immune traits implicated previously to be associated with KIR (the smallest p = 1.5 × 10-4). Our pipeline presents a broadly applicable framework to evaluate innate immunity in large-scale datasets.

19.
Environ Int ; 159: 107026, 2022 01 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34890903

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Disruption of thyroid hormone (TH) levels during pregnancy contributes to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) during gestation may affect levels of maternal and neonatal TH; however, little is known about the effect of PFAS on ADHD mediated by TH. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the impact of maternal PFAS exposure on children's ADHD symptoms with the mediating effect of TH. METHODS: In a prospective birth cohort (the Hokkaido study), we included 770 mother-child pairs recruited between 2002 and 2005 for whom both prenatal maternal and cord blood samples were available. Eleven PFAS were measured in maternal serum obtained at 28-32 weeks of gestation using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. TH and thyroid antibody, including thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) were measured in maternal blood during early pregnancy (median 11 gestational weeks) and in cord blood at birth. ADHD symptoms in the children at 8 years of age were rated by their parents using the ADHD-Rating Scale (ADHD-RS). The cut-off value was set at the 80th percentile for each sex. RESULTS: Significant inverse associations were found between some PFAS in maternal serum and ADHD symptoms among first-born children. Assuming causality, we found only one significant association: maternal FT4 mediated 17.6% of the estimated effect of perfluoroundecanoic acid exposure on hyperactivity-impulsivity among first-born children. DISCUSSION: Higher PFAS levels in maternal serum during pregnancy were associated with lower risks of ADHD symptoms at 8 years of age. The association was stronger among first-born children in relation to hyperactivity-impulsivity than with regard to inattention. There was little mediating role of TH during pregnancy in the association between maternal exposure to PFAS and reduced ADHD symptoms at 8 years of age.


Asunto(s)
Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad , Fluorocarburos , Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/etiología , Niño , Femenino , Fluorocarburos/efectos adversos , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Exposición Materna/efectos adversos , Embarazo , Estudios Prospectivos , Hormonas Tiroideas
20.
Indoor Air ; 32(1): e12931, 2022 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34773308

RESUMEN

This prospective cohort study aimed to examine the associations between mold growth, type of stoves, and fragrance materials and early childhood wheezing and asthma, using data from the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Mold growth at home, usage of kerosene/gas stove, wood stove/fireplace, and air freshener/deodorizer were surveyed using a questionnaire at 1.5-year-old, and childhood wheezing and doctor-diagnosed asthma during the previous year were obtained using a 3-year-old questionnaire. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between exposure to childhood wheezing and asthma. A total of 60 529 children were included in the analysis. In multivariate analyses, mold growth and wood stove/fireplace had significantly higher odds ratios (ORs) for wheezing (mold growth: 1.13; 95% CI, 1.06-1.22; wood stove/fireplace: 1.23; 95% CI, 1.03-1.46). All four exposures had no significant ORs for childhood doctor-diagnosed asthma; however, in the supplemental analysis of northern regions, wood stove/fireplace had a significantly higher OR for asthma. Mold growth and wood stove/fireplace had significant associations with childhood wheezing in the northern regions. Mold elimination in the dwellings and use of clean heating (no air pollution emissions) should be taken into consideration to prevent and improve childhood wheezing and asthma.


Asunto(s)
Contaminación del Aire Interior , Asma , Contaminación del Aire Interior/análisis , Asma/epidemiología , Asma/etiología , Niño , Preescolar , Humanos , Lactante , Japón/epidemiología , Odorantes/análisis , Estudios Prospectivos , Ruidos Respiratorios
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