Glycolytic dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease: unveiling new avenues for understanding pathogenesis and improving therapy.

Alzheimer's disease poses a significant global health challenge owing to the progressive cognitive decline of patients and absence of curative treatments. The current therapeutic strategies, primarily based on cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists, offer limited symptomatic relief without halting disease progression, highlighting an urgent need for novel research directions that address the key mechanisms underlying Alzheimer's disease. Recent studies have provided insights into the critical role of glycolysis, a fundamental energy metabolism pathway in the brain, in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Alterations in glycolytic processes within neurons and glial cells, including microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, have been identified as significant contributors to the pathological landscape of Alzheimer's disease. Glycolytic changes impact neuronal health and function, thus offering promising targets for therapeutic intervention. The purpose of this review is to consolidate current knowledge on the modifications in glycolysis associated with Alzheimer's disease and explore the mechanisms by which these abnormalities contribute to disease onset and progression. Comprehensive focus on the pathways through which glycolytic dysfunction influences Alzheimer's disease pathology should provide insights into potential therapeutic targets and strategies that pave the way for groundbreaking treatments, emphasizing the importance of understanding metabolic processes in the quest for clarification and management of Alzheimer's disease.

Study on the difference of gut microbiota in DLY and Diqing Tibetan pigs induce by high fiber diet.

In order to investigate the regularity of fecal microorganisms changes in Landrace × Large White × Duroc (DLY) and Diqing Tibetan pigs (TP) induced by dietary fiber, and further explore the buffering effect of different intestinal flora structures on dietary stress. DLY (n = 15) and TP (n = 15) were divided into two treatments. Then, diet with 20% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was supplemented for 9 days. Our results showed that the feed conversion efficiency of TP was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of DLY. The fecal microorganisms shared by the two groups gradually increased with the feeding cycle. In addition, the dispersion of Shannon, Simpson, ACE and Chao of TP decreased. Also, we found that the fecal microorganisms of TP (R2 = 0.2089, p < 0.01) and DLY (R2 = 0.3982, p < 0.01) showed significant differences in different feeding cycles. With the prolongation of feeding cycle, the similarity of fecal microbial composition between DLY and TP increased. Our study strongly suggests that the complex environment and diet structure have shaped the unique gut microbiota of TP, which plays a vital role in the buffering effect of high-fiber diets.

A predictive model for therapy failure in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy.

ABSTRACT: Although tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy has markedly improved the survival of people with chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), 20% to 30% of people still experienced therapy failure. Data from 1955 consecutive patients with chronic-phase CML diagnosed by the European LeukemiaNet recommendations from 1 center receiving initial imatinib or a second-generation (2G) TKI therapy were interrogated to develop a clinical prediction model for TKI-therapy failure. This model was subsequently validated in 3454 patients from 76 other centers. Using the predictive clinical covariates associated with TKI-therapy failure, we developed a model that stratified patients into low-, intermediate- and high-risk subgroups with significantly different cumulative incidences of therapy failure (P < .001). There was good discrimination and calibration in the external validation data set, and the performance was consistent with that of the training data set. Our model had the better prediction discrimination than the Sokal and European Treatment and Outcome Study long-term survival scores, with the greater time-dependent area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve values and a better ability to redefine the risk of therapy failure. Our model could help physicians estimate the likelihood of initial imatinib or 2G TKI-therapy failure in people with chronic-phase CML.

Impact of adrenalectomy on hypertension in patients with nonfunctional adrenal tumors: a retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of adrenalectomy on hypertension in patients with nonfunctional adrenal tumors. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Between January 2020 and October 2022, patients with adrenal lesions were retrospectively screened for nonfunctional adrenal tumors at the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. All patients underwent detailed endocrinological examination and computed tomography to characterize the lesions. One year after discharge, follow-up blood pressure (BP) was assessed and compared to the blood pressure on admission. Univariate analysis and multivariate regression analysis were performed to determine factors predicting favorable hypertension outcomes after adrenalectomy. RESULTS: A total of 309 patients were found to be eligible, including 123 who underwent adrenalectomy. Patients who underwent adrenalectomy were stratified into two groups: (Bancos I (2022) Adrenal Incidentalomas: Insights Into Prevalence. Ann Intern Med 175:1481-1482. https://doi.org/10.7326/M22-2600 ) those with improved hypertension (n = 71), and (Fassnacht M, Tsagarakis S, Terzolo M, Tabarin A, Sahdev A, Newell-Price J et al. (2023) European Society of Endocrinology clinical practice guidelines on the management of adrenal incidentalomas, in collaboration with the European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors. Eur J Endocrinol 189:G1-42. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejendo/lvad066 ) those without improved hypertension (n = 52). In contrast, the blood pressure levels of conservatively treated patients remained relatively stable 1 year after discharge. Univariate analysis and multivariate regression analysis showed that body mass index (BMI) and duration of hypertension were significantly different between the hypertension improvement group and the non-improvement group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Adrenalectomy has been shown to be effective in improving hypertension in certain patients with nonfunctional adrenal tumors. BMI and duration of hypertension were independent factors associated with favorable hypertension outcomes after adrenalectomy.

Anti-inflammatory effects of steroidal alkaloids of Solanum lyratum Thunb.

Solanum lyratum Thunb., a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has a promising background. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of its component steroid alkaloid have not been explored. In this study, animal and cell experiments were performed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism of action of Solanum lyratum Thunb steroid alkaloid (SLTSA), in order to provide evidence for its potential utilization. SLTSA effectively inhibited ear swelling and acute abdominal inflammation of mice. We observed concentration-dependent inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines by SLTSA, as confirmed by the ELISA and RT-qPCR results. Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and RT-qPCR analyses revealed that SLTSA suppressed TLR4 expression. Western blot results indicated that SLTSA inhibited the activation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Our study demonstrated that SLTSA possesses anti-inflammatory properties.

Active Assembly of CsPbBr3 Nanorods into Microcolumns by Electric Field in Nonpolar Solvent.

High-precision, controllable, mass-producible assembly of nanoparticles into complex structures or devices holds immense importance in the application across various fields but it remains challenging. Here a highly controllable and reversible active assembly of colloidal CsPbBr3 nanorods, driven by an external electric field is achieved. This approach enables the nanorods dynamically orient themselves, assemble into chains, aggregate into columns, and eventually form an ordered column array, with the electric field intensity varying from 0 to 50 V µm-1 at 100 kHz. The nanorods inside the columns align parallel to the electric field, leading to a well-ordered structure. With the analysis of the interactions among the nanorods, a quantitative interpretation of the assembly is proposed. Monte Carlo calculation is also introduced to simulate the assembly process and the results prove to be in great agreement with the experimental observations. This electric field-driven assembly presents an exciting opportunity to pave the way for next-generation sensors and photonic devices based on well-developed colloidal nanoparticles.

Identification and Validation of SLC9A2 as A Potential Tumor Suppressor in Colorectal Cancer: Integrating Bioinformatics Analysis with Experimental Confirmation.

OBJECTIVE: To uncover the mechanisms underlying the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), we applied bioinformatic analyses to identify key genes and experimentally validated their possible roles in CRC onset and progression. METHODS: We performed Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis on differentially expressed genes (DEGs), constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network to find the top 10 hub genes, and analyzed their expression in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) and rectum adenocarcinoma (READ). We also studied the correlation between these genes and immune cell infiltration and prognosis and validated the expression of SLC9A2 in CRC tissues and cell lines using qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Functional experiments were conducted in vitro to investigate the effects of SLC9A2 on tumor growth and metastasis. RESULTS: We found 130 DEGs, with 45 up-regulated and 85 down-regulated in CRC. GO analysis indicated that these DEGs were primarily enriched in functions related to the regulation of cellular pH, zymogen granules, and transmembrane transporter activity. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the DEGs played pivotal roles in pancreatic secretion, rheumatoid arthritis, and the IL-17 signaling pathway. We identified 10 hub genes: CXCL1, SLC26A3, CXCL2, MMP7, MMP1, SLC9A2, SLC4A4, CLCA1, CLCA4, and ZG16. GO enrichment analysis showed that these hub genes were predominantly involved in the positive regulation of transcription. Gene expression analysis revealed that CXCL1, CXCL2, MMP1, and MMP7 were highly expressed in CRC, whereas CLCA1, CLCA4, SLC4A4, SLC9A2, SLC26A3, and ZG16 were expressed at lower levels. Survival analysis revealed that 5 key genes were significantly associated with the prognosis of CRC. Both mRNA and protein expression levels of SLC9A2 were markedly reduced in CRC tissues and cell lines. Importantly, SLC9A2 overexpression in SW480 cells led to a notable inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Western blotting analysis revealed that the expression levels of phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) and phosphorylated JNK (p-JNK) proteins were significantly increased, whereas there were no significant changes in the expression levels of ERK and JNK following SLC9A2 overexpression. Correlation analysis indicated a potential link between SLC9A2 expression and the MAPK signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that SLC9A2 acts as a tumor suppressor through the MAPK pathway and could be a potential target for CRC diagnosis and therapy.

Molecular weight control of poly-γ-glutamic acid reveals novel insights into extracellular polymeric substance synthesis in Bacillus licheniformis.

BACKGROUND: The structural diversity of extracellular polymeric substances produced by microorganisms is attracting particular attention. Poly-gamma-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a widely studied extracellular polymeric substance from Bacillus species. The function of γ-PGA varies with its molecular weight (Mw). RESULTS: Herein, different endogenous promoters in Bacillus licheniformis were selected to regulate the expression levels of pgdS, resulting in the formation of γ-PGA with Mw values ranging from 1.61 × 103 to 2.03 × 104 kDa. The yields of γ-PGA and exopolysaccharides (EPS) both increased in the pgdS engineered strain with the lowest Mw and viscosity, in which the EPS content was almost tenfold higher than that of the wild-type strain. Subsequently, the compositions of EPS from the pgdS engineered strain also changed. Metabolomics and RT-qPCR further revealed that improving the transportation efficiency of EPS and the regulation of carbon flow of monosaccharide synthesis could affect the EPS yield. CONCLUSIONS: Here, we present a novel insight that increased pgdS expression led to the degradation of γ-PGA Mw and changes in EPS composition, thereby stimulating EPS and γ-PGA production. The results indicated a close relationship between γ-PGA and EPS in B. licheniformis and provided an effective strategy for the controlled synthesis of extracellular polymeric substances.

Comparison of the Efficacy Among Nilotinib, Dasatinib, Flumatinib and Imatinib in Newly Diagnosed Chronic-Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients: A Real-World Multi-Center Retrospective Study.

BACKGROUND: There are limited data comprehensively comparing therapy responses and outcomes among nilotinib, dasatinib, flumatinib and imatinib for newly diagnosed chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia in a real-world setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data from patients with chronic-phase CML receiving initial a second-generation tyrosine-kinase inhibitor (2G-TKI, nilotinib, dasatinib or flumatinib) or imatinib therapy from 77 Chinese centers were retrospectively interrogated. Propensity-score matching (PSM) analyses were performed to to compare therapy responses and outcomes among these 4 TKIs. RESULTS: 2,496 patients receiving initial nilotinib (n = 512), dasatinib (n = 134), flumatinib (n = 411) or imatinib (n = 1,439) therapy were retrospectively interrogated in this study. PSM analyses indicated that patients receiving initial nilotinib, dasatinib or flumatinib therapy had comparable cytogenetic and molecular responses (p = .28-.91) and survival outcomes including failure-free survival (FFS, p = .28-.43), progression-free survival (PFS, p = .19-.93) and overall survival (OS) (p values = .76-.78) but had significantly higher cumulative incidences of cytogenetic and molecular responses (all p values < .001) and higher probabilities of FFS (p < .001-.01) than those receiving imatinib therapy, despite comparable PFS (p = .18-.89) and OS (p = .23-.30). CONCLUSION: Nilotinib, dasatinib and flumatinib had comparable efficacy, and significantly higher therapy responses and higher FFS rates than imatinib in newly diagnosed CML patients. However, there were no significant differences in PFS and OS among these 4 TKIs. These real-world data may provide additional evidence for routine clinical assessments to identify more appropriate therapies.

NME6 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target involved in immune infiltration for lung adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), a prevalent form of lung cancer, is characterized by its high global mortality rate. Previous studies have demonstrated the significance of Nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NME) in various cancers; however, the specific role of NME6 in LUAD remains inadequately understood. OBJECTIVE: This research aims to enhance our understanding of LUAD by investigating the expression level, epigenetic mechanism, signaling activities, and immune infiltrating characteristic immune cells of NME6 in patients. METHODS: The NME6 expression was explored between LUAD and normal tissue samples using GEPIA, UALCAN and HPA databases. The survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier plotter. The Shiny Methylation Analysis Resource Tool was employed to examine the methylation characteristics of NME6. The Tumor Immune Single-cell Hub (TISCH) and CIBERSORT algorithm were utilized to analyze immune infiltrating characteristic immune cells between NME6 high- and low-expression group in LUAD. RESULTS: According to GEPIA, UALCAN, and HPA databases, NME6 is highly expressed in LUAD compared to normal tissues. At the same time, elevated levels of NME6 were found to be significantly correlated with inferior overall survival outcomes in LUAD patients. Subsequently, the top 10 genes interacted with NME6 were mainly involved in seven pathways, such as p53 signaling pathway, glutathione metabolism, thiamine metabolism, metabolic pathways, and drug metabolism. Notably, NME6 methylation in LUAD samples was lower than in normal samples. The methylation of cg04625862 has a significant impact on the regulation of NME6 expression in LUAD. Furthermore, high NME6 expression in LUAD was associated with tumor stages and relative abundance of tumor infiltrating immune cells, such as Macrophage M2, activated mast cell, and neutrophil. Moreover, NME6 regulated the expression of m6A modification of genes related to LUAD, including METTL3, WTAP, RBM15B, METTL14, RBMX, VIRMA, YTHDC1, RBM15, ZC3H13, YTHDF1, YTHDC2, IGF2BP2, YTHDF3, HNRNPA2B1, YTHDF2, HNRNPC, FTO, and ALKBH5. CONCLUSION: The analysis showed that NME6 is a crucial prognostic factor for LUAD patients. NME6 regulates genes related to m6A modification and immune cells infiltration. Furthermore, NME6 could sever as a potential therapeutic target for LUAD.

Microbiota-derived indoles alleviate intestinal inflammation and modulate microbiome by microbial cross-feeding.

BACKGROUND: The host-microbiota interaction plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and disease susceptibility, and microbial tryptophan metabolites are potent modulators of host physiology. However, whether and how these metabolites mediate host-microbiota interactions, particularly in terms of inter-microbial communication, remains unclear. RESULTS: Here, we have demonstrated that indole-3-lactic acid (ILA) is a key molecule produced by Lactobacillus in protecting against intestinal inflammation and correcting microbial dysbiosis. Specifically, Lactobacillus metabolizes tryptophan into ILA, thereby augmenting the expression of key bacterial enzymes implicated in tryptophan metabolism, leading to the synthesis of other indole derivatives including indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Notably, ILA, IPA, and IAA possess the ability to mitigate intestinal inflammation and modulate the gut microbiota in both DSS-induced and IL-10-/- spontaneous colitis models. ILA increases the abundance of tryptophan-metabolizing bacteria (e.g., Clostridium), as well as the mRNA expression of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and indolelactate dehydrogenase in vivo and in vitro, resulting in an augmented production of IPA and IAA. Furthermore, a mutant strain of Lactobacillus fails to protect against inflammation and producing other derivatives. ILA-mediated microbial cross-feeding was microbiota-dependent and specifically enhanced indole derivatives production under conditions of dysbiosis induced by Citrobacter rodentium or DSS, but not of microbiota disruption with antibiotics. CONCLUSION: Taken together, we highlight mechanisms by which microbiome-host crosstalk cooperatively control intestinal homoeostasis through microbiota-derived indoles mediating the inter-microbial communication. These findings may contribute to the development of microbiota-derived metabolites or targeted "postbiotic" as potential interventions for the treatment or prevention of dysbiosis-driven diseases. Video Abstract.

Zearalenone Promotes Uterine Hypertrophy through AMPK/mTOR Mediated Autophagy.

Zearalenone (ZEN), a non-steroidal Fusarium graminearum with an estrogen effect, can cause damage to the gastrointestinal tract, immune organs, liver, and reproductive system. Further analysis of the mechanism of ZEN has become an important scientific issue. We have established in vivo and in vitro models of ZEN intervention, used AMPK/mTOR as a targeted pathway for ZEN reproductive toxicity, and explored the molecular mechanism by which ZEN may induce uterine hypertrophy in weaned piglets. Our study strongly suggested that ZEN can activate the phosphorylation of AMPK in uterine endometrial epithelium cells, affect the phosphorylation level of mTOR through TSC2 and Rheb, induce autophagy, upregulate the expression of proliferative genes PCNA and BCL2, downregulate the expression of apoptotic gene BAX, promote uterine endometrial epithelium cells proliferation, and ultimately lead to thickening of the endometrial and myometrium, increased density of uterine glands, and induce uterine hypertrophy.

Brown planthopper infestation on rice reduces plant susceptibility to Meloidogyne graminicola by reducing root sugar allocation.

Plants are simultaneously attacked by different pests that rely on sugars uptake from plants. An understanding of the role of plant sugar allocation in these multipartite interactions is limited. Here, we characterized the expression patterns of sucrose transporter genes and evaluated the impact of targeted transporter gene mutants and brown planthopper (BPH) phloem-feeding and oviposition on root sugar allocation and BPH-reduced rice susceptibility to Meloidogyne graminicola. We found that the sugar transporter genes OsSUT1 and OsSUT2 are induced at BPH oviposition sites. OsSUT2 mutants showed a higher resistance to gravid BPH than to nymph BPH, and this was correlated with callose deposition, as reflected in a different effect on M. graminicola infection. BPH phloem-feeding caused inhibition of callose deposition that was counteracted by BPH oviposition. Meanwhile, this pivotal role of sugar allocation in BPH-reduced rice susceptibility to M. graminicola was validated on rice cultivar RHT harbouring BPH resistance genes Bph3 and Bph17. In conclusion, we demonstrated that rice susceptibility to M. graminicola is regulated by BPH phloem-feeding and oviposition on rice through differences in plant sugar allocation.

Forsythiaside A suppresses renal fibrosis and partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition by targeting THBS1 through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Renal fibrosis is a key feature of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, whereas no proven effective anti-fibrotic treatments. Forsythiaside A (FTA), derived from Forsythia suspense, has been found to possess nephroprotective properties. However, there is limited research on its anti-fibrotic effects, and its mechanism of action remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the suppressive effects of FTA on renal fibrosis and explore the underlying mechanisms. In vitro, we established a HK2 cell model induced by transforming growth factor ß1 (TGF-ß1), and in vivo, we used a mice model induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). CCK-8 assay, qRT-PCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, histological staining, immunohistochemistry, TUNEL assay, RNA transcriptome sequencing, and molecular docking were performed. The results showed that FTA (40 µM or 80 µM) treatment improved cell viability and suppressed TGF-ß1-induced fibrotic changes and partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, FTA treatment reversed the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and THBS1 was identified as the target gene. We found that THBS1 knockdown suppressed the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and reduced the fibrosis and partial EMT-related protein level. Conversely, THBS1 overexpression activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and exacerbated renal fibrosis and partial EMT. In vivo, mice were administered FTA (30 or 60 mg/kg) for 2 weeks, and the results demonstrated that FTA administration significantly mitigated tubular injury, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, partial EMT, and apoptosis. In conclusion, FTA inhibited renal fibrosis and partial EMT by targeting THBS1 and inhibiting activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway.

A circRNA ceRNA network involved in cognitive dysfunction after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.

Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion (CCH) is associated with cognitive dysfunction, the underlying mechanisms of which remain elusive, hindering the development of effective therapeutic approaches. In this study, we employed an established CCH animal model to delve into neuropathological alterations like oxidative stress, inflammation, neurotransmitter synthesis deficits, and other morphological alterations. Our findings revealed that while the number of neurons remained unchanged, there was a significant reduction in neuronal fibers post-CCH, as evidenced by microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) staining. Moreover, myelin basic protein (MBP) staining showed exacerbated demyelination of neuronal fibers. Furthermore, we observed increased neuroinflammation, proliferation, and activation of astrocytes and microglia, as well as synaptic loss and microglial-mediated synapse engulfment post-CCH. Utilizing RNA sequencing, differential expression analysis displayed alterations in both mRNAs and circRNAs. Following gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses, both showed significant enrichment in immunological and inflammation-related terms and pathways. Importantly, the differentially expressed circular RNAs (DE circRNAs) exhibited a notable coexpression pattern with DE mRNAs. The ternary circRNA-miRNA-mRNA competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) network was constructed, and subsequent analysis reiterated the significance of neuroimmunological and neuroinflammatory dysfunction in CCH-induced neuropathological changes and cognitive dysfunction. This study underscores the potential role of circRNAs in these processes, suggesting them as promising therapeutic targets to mitigate the detrimental effects of CCH.

Effect of Whole Egg Liquid on Physicochemical, Quality, Fermentation and Sensory Characteristics of Yogurt.

With the purpose of developing an alternative set yogurt with high consumer acceptability, liquid whole egg (LWE), at levels that varied from 0 to 30%, was incorporated into set yogurt, and the effects on the physicochemical, quality, fermentation, and sensory characteristics of yogurt were evaluated. The fat content was lower in egg yogurt than in control yogurt. All color variables were significantly affected by LWE amount. The amount of bacteria in the egg yogurt was greater than in the control yogurt. Sensory analysis data suggested that color, odor, and texture consistently impacted the overall acceptability of the egg yogurt. The addition of 5% whole egg, which resulted in an increase of 6.28-fold in hardness, increase of 6.1-fold in viscosity, decrease in pH values, and a 5.6% decline in water-holding capacity (WHC). The aroma and flavor of the set yogurt was improved as well. LWE addition significantly increased the protein content and dynamic rheology. More importantly, the addition of LWE increased the protein content of the set yogurt. This investigation demonstrated the feasibility of fabricating LWE-enriched set yogurt and its superior quality compared with the corresponding normal product. It also emphasized the reconstruction of LWE with enhanced properties.

The novel HLA-C*17:69 allele, identified by Sanger dideoxy nucleotide sequencing in a Chinese individual.

HLA-C*17:69 differs from HLA-C*17:01:01:02 by one nucleotide in exon 4.

Organoids derived from patients provide a new opportunity for research and individualized treatment of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma.

BACKGROUND: Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM) is an extremely rare and highly invasive tumor. Due to the lack of accurate models that reflect the biological characteristics of primary tumors, studying MPM remains challenging and is associated with an exceedingly unfavorable prognosis. This study was aimed to establish a new potential preclinical model for MPM using patient-derived MPM organoids (MPMOs) and to comprehensively evaluate the practicality of this model in medical research and its feasibility in guiding individualized patient treatment. METHODS: MPMOs were constructed using tumor tissue from MPM patients. Histopathological analysis and whole genome sequencing (WGS) were employed to determine the ability of MPMOs to replicate the original tumor's genetic and histological characteristics. The subcutaneous and orthotopic xenograft models were employed to assess the feasibility of establishing an in vivo model of MPM. MPMOs were also used to conduct drug screening and compare the results with retrospective analysis of patients after treatment, in order to evaluate the potential of MPMOs in predicting the effectiveness of drugs in MPM patients. RESULTS: We successfully established a culture method for human MPM organoids using tumor tissue from MPM patients and provided a comprehensive description of the necessary medium components for MPMOs. Pathological examination and WGS revealed that MPMOs accurately represented the histological characteristics and genomic heterogeneity of the original tumors. In terms of application, the success rate of creating subcutaneous and orthotopic xenograft models using MPMOs was 88% and 100% respectively. Drug sensitivity assays demonstrated that MPMOs have different medication responses, and these differences were compatible with the real situation of the patients. CONCLUSION: This study presents a method for generating human MPM organoids, which can serve as a valuable research tool and contribute to the advancement of MPM research. Additionally, these organoids can be utilized as a means to evaluate the effectiveness of drug treatments for MPM patients, offering a model for personalized treatment approaches.

Meta analysis of ovulation induction effect and pregnancy outcome of acupuncture & moxibustion combined with clomiphene in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective: Using Mesh Meta Analysis to evaluate the efficacy of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Clomiphene, Acupuncture & Moxibustion combined with Clomiphene for treating Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), in order to provide evidence-based medical evidence for whether to recommend Acupuncture & Moxibustion or Combine western medicine to treat PCOS. Methods: Eight databases including The Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang Date, VIP and CBM were searched by computer. The included research period is from the establishment of the database to May 2023, which concerned with randomized controlled trials involving Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Clomiphene, Acupuncture & Moxibustion combined with Clomiphene on ovulation induction and pregnancy outcome in patients with PCOS. The duration of the research paper is from 2016 to 2023.The inclusion criteria refer to the Rotterdam standards issued by the European Center for Human Reproduction and Embryology and the American Society of Reproductive Medicine in January 2003, or the Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome by the Endocrinology Group of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association. Simultaneously exclude related diseases, repetitive literature, as well as literature with incomplete abstract information and no original data provided. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias included in the study, using Stata17.0 software for a mesh meta-analysis. Results: Six randomized controlled trials were included, covering 1410 PCOS patients. Three interventions included Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Clomiphene, Acupuncture & Moxibustion combined with Clomiphene. Mesh Meta Analysis showed that in terms of improving ovulation rate, there was no statistical difference between Acupuncture & Moxibustion (A), Clomiphene (B), Clomiphene combined with Acupuncture & Moxibustion (C) (P>0.05).Acupuncture & Moxibustion (A) versus Clomiphene (B) [MD=0.15,95% CI (-0.51,0.80)], Acupuncture & Moxibustion (A) versus Clomiphene combined with Acupuncture & Moxibustion (C) [MD=1.60,95% CI (0.97,2.23)], Clomiphene (B) versus Clomiphene combined with Acupuncture & Moxibustion (C) [MD=1.45,95% CI (0.91,1.99)]. In terms of pregnancy outcome, the difference between the three intervention methods was statistically significant (P<0.05). Acupuncture & Moxibustion (A) versus Clomiphene (B) [MD=-0.80,95% CI (-1.84,0.23)], Acupuncture & Moxibustion (A) versus Clomiphene combined with Acupuncture & Moxibustion (C) [MD=0.29,95% CI (-0.73,1.30)], and Clomiphene (B) versus Clomiphene combined with Acupuncture & Moxibustion (C) [MD=1.09,95% CI (0.39,1.79)], The order of pregnancy rate from high to low is Acupuncture & Moxibustion combined with Clomiphene (C), Acupuncture & Moxibustion (A), Clomiphene (C).In terms of influencing endometrial thickness, the difference between the three intervention methods was statistically significant (P<0.05). Acupuncture & Moxibustion (A) versus Clomiphene (B) [MD=-0.84,95% CI (-1.87,0.19)], Acupuncture & Moxibustion (A) versus Acupuncture & Moxibustion combined with Clomiphene (C) [MD=0.26,95% CI (-1.01,1.53)], Clomiphene (B) versus Acupuncture & Moxibustion combined with Clomiphene (C) [MD=1.10,95% CI (0.36,1.84)], Acupuncture & Moxibustion combined with Clomiphene (C) has the best effect on improving endometrial thickness. In subgroup analysis, the effect of Acupuncture & Moxibustion treatment frequency on ovulation rate and pregnancy rate was not statistically significant. The combination of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Electroacupuncture and warm Acupuncture & Moxibustion has no effect on the pregnancy rate, but the combination of Electroacupuncture and Clomiphene has the best effect on improving the ovulation rate. In the observation of adverse reactions, compared with clomiphene alone, Acupuncture & Moxibustion combined with Clomiphene can reduce the occurrence of Luteinized Unruptured Follicle Syndrome (LUFS) and Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS), and reduce the occurrence of physical adverse reactions such as nausea, vomiting, headache and dermatitis. Conclusion: Acupuncture & Moxibustion is effective in improving the ovulation promoting effect and pregnancy outcome of PCOS patients. The ovulation promoting effect of Acupuncture & Moxibustion or combined with Clomiphene is similar to that of Clomiphene alone, but Acupuncture & Moxibustion combined with Clomiphene has more advantages in improving the pregnancy rate of PCOS, and it also can reduce the adverse reactions of Clomiphene alone. Acupuncture & Moxibustion can be used as a recommended treatment for PCOS. More cases should also be included in the subgroup analysis to study the impact of Acupuncture & Moxibustion programs on clinical efficacy and further optimize the Acupuncture & Moxibustion treatment program. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#myprospero, identifier (CRD42023433057).

Effects of different wheat bran fermentation sources on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum antioxidant capacity and fecal microbiota in growing pigs.

The present study aimed to evaluate the application of different wheat bran fermentation sources in growing pigs. A total of 320 pigs (43 ± 0.21 kg), were randomly allocated to 5 groups in a 21-d trial. The control group was fed a basal diet (CON) containing raw wheat bran, and the other four treatments were fed the diets in which the raw wheat bran in the basal diet was substituted with Aspergillus niger (WBA), Bacillus licheniformis (WBB), Candida utilis (WBC), and Lactobacillus plantarum (WBL) fermented wheat bran, respectively. The results showed that compared to the CON group, the crude fiber and pH values were decreased (p < 0.05), while the gross energy (GE), crude protein (CP), and lactic acid values were increased (p < 0.05) in all the wheat bran fermented by different strains. Compared with other treatments, feeding B. licheniformis fermented wheat bran had higher final weight, average daily gain, as well as lower feed-to-gain ratio. Compared with CON group, pigs fed with fermented wheat bran diets had higher dry matter, CP, and GE availability, serum total protein, albumin and superoxide dismutase levels, and fecal Lactobacillus counts, as well as lower malondialdehyde level and fecal Escherichia coli count. Collectively, our findings suggested that feeding fermented wheat bran, especially B. licheniformis fermented wheat bran, showed beneficial effects on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum antioxidant capacity, and the gut microbiota structure of growing pigs.