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Protected area are the cornerstone of biodiversity and ecosystem service conservation at the local, regional, and global levels. In 2019, China proposed the establishment of a nature reserve system (NRS)centered on national parks, integrating and improving various existing protected areas. This study focuses on the QinlingâDaba Mountains, an area crucial for both biodiversity and ecosystem services. Through assessments of carbon storage (CS), water yield (WY), soil conservation (SC), and habitat quality (HQ), different conservation scenarios are considered in the context of Systematic conservation planning (SCP). An optimization scheme for the NRS in the Qinling-Daba Mountains is proposed, incorporating ecosystem services and comparing them with the existing system. Research indicates that the main protected areas are concentrated in the Min MountainâMotian MountainâLongmen Mountain region, the central Qinling region, and the ShennongjiaâDaba Mountain region. Compared with the original system, the area of protected regions in the NRS expanded by 52,000 km2 after the SCP scheme was incorporated. The number of patches decreased to 50, and the patch density reduced from 2.1 × 10-4(/100 ha) to 1.7 × 10-4(/100 ha), thereby reducing the fragmentation of the conservation system. Additionally, the optimized scheme achieved a conservation ratio of over 30% for CS, WY, SC, and HQ, with the conservation efficiency for WY and HQ increasing by 0.18 and 0.22, respectively. The study results provide support for optimizing the Qinling-Daba Mountains NRS and offer a reference for constructing NRSs in other regions. Considering ecosystem services in the optimization of the NRS helps enhance the supply capacity of ecological products, maintain national ecological security, and achieve harmonious coexistence and sustainable development between humans and nature.
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Pig farming is a major source of carbon emissions in China's livestock industry, and the promotion and application of carbon neutral technologies dedicated to carbon reduction and sequestration is a key measure to promote the realization of carbon neutrality in pig farming industry. In the absence of a system for carbon emission reduction in agriculture, it is important to explore whether large-scale pig farming can spontaneously promote the application of carbon neutral technologies by pig farmers. Combined with the technical background of carbon neutrality in pig farming industry and using the field survey data of 468 pig farmers in Shandong Province, this paper empirically analyzed the effect of large-scale pig farming on the carbon neutral behavior of pig farmers. The findings are threefold. Firstly, because of the effect of economies of scale in the application of carbon neutral technologies, large-scale pig farming can promote the carbon neutral behavior of pig farmers. However, the effect of economies of scale in the application of carbon neutral technologies has a boundary, and the annual output of pigs should be maintained at 3000 to 4999. Secondly, among the effects of pig breeding scale on the application and its degree of composting project, state of planting and breeding cycle has no regulating effect. Thirdly, among the effects of pig breeding scale on the application and its degree of biogas engineering, both state of planting and breeding cycle and subsidy for construction of biogas digester have negative regulating effects. In this paper, the pig farming industry is taken as a typical example to reveal the endogenous incentive mechanism of promoting agricultural carbon emission reduction, which provides theoretical reference and experience enlightenment for the formulation of effective policies to promote agricultural carbon neutrality, which are different from industrial industries.
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In recent years, there has been a significant increase in surface ozone (O3) concentrations in the troposphere. Ozone pollution has significant adverse effects on ecosystems, human health, and climate change, particularly on crop growth and yield. This study utilized the observational hourly O3 data, cumulative O3 concentration over 40 ppb per h (AOT40), and the mean daytime 7-h O3 concentration (M7) to analyze the spatiotemporal distributions of relative yield losses (RYLs) and evaluate the yield reduction and economic losses of rice in Sichuan province from 2015 to 2020. The results indicated that the average O3 concentration during the growing rice season ranged from 55.4 to 69.3 µg/m3, with the highest O3 concentration observed in 2017, and the AOT40 ranged from 4.5 to 8.7 ppm h from 2015 to 2020. At the county level, the O3 concentration, AOT40, and the relative yield loss (RYL) of rice based on AOT40 exhibited clear spatiotemporal differences in Sichuan. The RYLs of AOT40 were 4.9-9.2% from 2015 to 2020. According to AOT40 and M7 metrics, the yield loss and economic losses attributed to O3 pollution amounted to 78.75-150.36 (9.74-21.54) ten thousand tons, and 2079.08-4149.89 (257.25-594.45) million Yuan, respectively. Rice yield and economic losses were relatively large in the Chengdu Plain, southern Sichuan, and northeast Sichuan. These findings will contribute to a deeper understanding of the detrimental effects of elevated surface O3 concentrations on rice crops. It is imperative to implement more stringent O3 reduction measures aimed at lowering O3 concentrations, enhancing rice quality, and safeguarding food security in Sichuan.
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The Chinese government has pursued comprehensive ecological conservation and restoration by establishing an ecological barrier system. However, the majority of international research tends to focus on the connectivity between habitats, overlooking the functions that ecological barriers play in ecological conservation and restoration. The existing literature lacks a systematic exploration of the theory and practice of ecological barriers. This study employed the literature analysis tool CiteSpace to present the theoretical and developmental trends in ecological barriers from various perspectives, including research fields, historical evolution, research hotspots, and major research nations. By analyzing the differences in the understanding of ecological barriers between China and other countries, examining the ecological barriers construction history in China, and exploring the types and functions of ecological barriers, this study summarizes the framework of China's ecological barriers construction system as "features-functions-problems." Constructing an ecological barrier system can help achieve ecological conservation and restoration goals in China.
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Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Ecosistema , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales/métodos , China , Ecología , Restauración y Remediación Ambiental/métodosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Organoids are three-dimensional cellular aggregates derived from stem cells or primary tissues that can self-organize into organotypic structures and showcase the physiological functions of that organ. Organoids typically comprise multiple organ-specific cell types that are responsible for organ function in vivo. They may also incorporate various cellular and molecular stromal components to recapitulate the in vivo microenvironment of the target organ. METHODS: All articles related to thyroid-like organs were synthesized. Articles published between 1959 and 2023 were assessed, categorized, and analyzed using relevant keywords. RESULTS: As such, organoids provide a model of greater physiological relevance than 2D cell culture for basic and translational research. Murine and human organoids of the thyroid have been established from embryonic stem cells (ESCs), pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) and from various healthy or diseased thyroid tissues. These thyroid organoids have been used in basic and translation research on thyroid-related diseases including hyperthyroidism, Graves' disease, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. In addition, organoids derived from patients with thyroid cancer retain histopathological features and mutational profile of the original tumor. These patient-derived organoids have been successfully used in in vitro evaluation of drug response of individual patients, demonstrating their potential application in personalized treatment of thyroid cancer. CONCLUSION: In this review article, we have discussed various techniques for establishing thyroid organoids and their applications in thyroid-related diseases as disease models, regenerative medicines, or a tool for drug testing.
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Both environmental and genetic factors contribute to the etiology of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) including Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). However, the exact pathogenesis and interactions that occur between environmental factors and genes remain unclear, and therapeutic targets require further investigation due to limited therapeutic options. To solve such problems, this study utilized single-cell transcriptome, whole transcriptome, full-length transcriptome (Oxford nanopore technology), and metabolome sequencing to examine thyroid lesion tissues from 2 HT patients and 2 GD patients as well as healthy thyroid tissue from 1 control subject. HT patients had increased ATF4-positive thyroid follicular epithelial (ThyFoEp) cells, which significantly increased endoplasmic reticulum stress. The enhanced sustained stress resulted in cell death mainly including apoptosis and necroptosis. The ATF4-based global gene regulatory network and experimental validation revealed that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) reader hnRNPC promoted the transcriptional activity, synthesis, and translation of ATF4 through mediating m6A modification of ATF4. Increased ATF4 expression initiated endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling, which when sustained, caused apoptosis and necroptosis in ThyFoEp cells, and mediated HT development. Targeting hnRNPC and ATF4 notably decreased ThyFoEp cell death, thus ameliorating disease progression. Collectively, this study reveals the mechanisms by which microenvironmental cells in HT and GD patients trigger and amplify the thyroid autoimmune cascade response. Furthermore, we identify new therapeutic targets for the treatment of autoimmune thyroid disease, hoping to provide a potential way for targeted therapy.
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Side effects of drugs have gained increasing attention in the biomedical field, and accurate identification of drug side effects is essential for drug development and drug safety surveillance. Although the traditional pharmacological experiments can accurately detect the side effects of drugs, the identifying process is time-consuming, costly, and may lead to incomplete identification of side effects. With the expanding of various biomedical databases, many computational methods have been developed for the task of drug-side effect associations (DSAs) prediction. However, existing methods have the following three drawbacks: 1). multiple drug-related databases are not fully used; 2). the complex semantics among drugs and side effects are not effectively captured; 3). the explainability of the predicted DSAs is missed for most existing methods. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find a more effective method for predicting DSAs. To address these issues, we propose a novel meta-path-based graph neural network model for drug-side effect associations prediction (MPGNN-DSA). In MPGNN-DSA, a heterogeneous information network is first constructed by combining multiple biological datasets. Then, a meta-path-based feature learning module is utilized for learning high-quality representations of drugs and side effects by capturing the semantics contained in meta-paths of the constructed HIN. With the learned features, the prediction module is conducted to derive the predicted side effects for drugs. In addition, the explainability of the predicted DSAs can be provided as well with the semantics contained in meta-paths. We conduct comprehensive experiments, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of MPGNN-DSA, suggesting that the proposed method will be a feasible solution to the task of DSAs prediction.
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Algoritmos , Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos , Humanos , Redes Neurales de la Computación , Descubrimiento de Drogas/métodos , Manejo de DatosRESUMEN
We present a general framework for inverse design of nanopatterned surfaces that maximize spatially averaged surface-enhanced Raman (SERS) spectra from molecules distributed randomly throughout a material or fluid, building upon a recently proposed trace formulation for optimizing incoherent emission. This leads to radically different designs than optimizing SERS emission at a single known location, as we illustrate using several 2D design problems addressing effects of hot-spot density, angular selectivity, and nonlinear damage. We obtain optimized structures that perform about 4 × better than coating with optimized spheres or bowtie structures and about 20 × better when the nonlinear damage effects are included.
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BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is an unprecedented public health emergency of international concern and has caused people to live in constant fear and posed a significant threat to their physical and mental health. METHOD: The study constructed a moderated mediation model to examine the mediating role of emotion regulation between collectivism and mental health and the moderating role of ego identity in the context of COVID-19. A total of 459 participants were recruited to complete the survey from 30 January to 8 May 2021.The Mental Health in COVID-19 Period Scale, Collectivism Tendency Scale, ERQ, and Identity Status Scale were used for the study. RESULTS: (1) Expressive suppression played a mediating role in the relationship between collectivism and mental health; (2) The direct effect of collectivism on mental health and the path from expressive suppression to mental health were moderated by ego identity. CONCLUSION: The effect of collectivism on mental health is indirectly generated through expressive suppression and ego identity showing different patterns of regulation of mental health in different pathways, and its mechanisms and other important influences could be further explored in the future.
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COVID-19 , Humanos , Salud Mental , Miedo , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
In actual driving scenes, recognizing and preventing drivers' non-standard driving behavior is helpful in reducing traffic accidents. To resolve the problems of various driving behaviors, a large range of action, and the low recognition accuracy of traditional detection methods, in this paper, a driving behavior recognition algorithm was proposed that combines an attention mechanism and lightweight network. The attention module was integrated into the YOLOV4 model after improving the feature extraction network, and the structure of the attention module was also improved. According to the 20,000 images of the Kaggle dataset, 10 typical driving behaviors were analyzed, processed, and recognized. The comparison and ablation experimental results showed that the fusion of an improved attention mechanism and lightweight network model had good performance in accuracy, model size, and FLOPs.
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Background: Although the pathogenetic mechanisms of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD) have been elucidated, the molecular mechanisms by which the abnormal immune function of cellular subpopulations trigger an autoimmune attack on thyroid tissue largely remains unexplained. Methods: The study included 2 HT patients, 2 GD patients, and 1 control donor. The thyroid samples were extracted for single-cell RNA sequencing, whole transcriptome, full-length transcriptome (Oxford Nanopore Technologies), and metabolome sequencing. Identification of immune cells with dysregulated gene expression and abnormal metabolic signaling was performed in the microenvironment, both at the bulk and single-cell levels. Based on functional enrichment analysis, the biological processes and pathways involved in abnormal immune cells were further explored. Finally, according to cell communication analysis, the global regulatory network of immune cells was constructed. Results: CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and macrophages were abnormally increased in patients with HT and GD. The differentially expressed genes of these cells were significantly involved in signaling pathways, including Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, Th17 cell differentiation, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Moreover, in HT, CD4+ T cells interact with macrophages via the IL16-CCR5/FGF10-FGFR1/CXCL13-CXCR3 axis, and macrophages interact with CD8+ T cells via the CD70-CD27 axis, thereby activating the T-cell receptor signaling pathway and NF-kappa B signaling pathway. In GD, CD4+ T cells interact with macrophages via the CXCR3-CXCL10/PKM-CD44/MHCII-NFKBIE axis, and macrophages interact with CD8+ T cells via the IFNG-IFNGR1/CCR7-CCL21 axis, thereby activating T-cell receptor signaling pathway, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, and chemokine signaling pathway. Conclusion: In HT and GD, immune dysregulated cells interact and activate relevant immune pathways and further aggravate the immune response. This may trigger the immune cells to target the thyroid tissue and influence the development of the disease.
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Fenómenos Biológicos , Enfermedad de Graves , Enfermedad de Hashimoto , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos , Expresión Génica , Enfermedad de Graves/genética , Enfermedad de Hashimoto/genética , Humanos , FN-kappa B , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfocitos T , Transducción de SeñalRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Renal fibrosis is the final common pathological feature of various chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Despite recent advances, development of new treatments strategy is needed. Emodin (EMO), an important ingredient of Chinese medicine, rhubarb (Polygonaceae Rheum palmatum l.), has been reported to inhibit the development of renal fibrosis effectively. However, the poor oral bioavailability of EMO and the insufficient monotherapy therapy compromise its efficacy. PURPOSE: In order to enhance renal fibrosis therapy of emodin, an innovative combination therapy based on deoxycholic acid-chitosan coated liposomes (DCS-Lips) and in situ colonic gel (IGE) was developed. METHODS: For one, the DCS-Lips were prepared via electrostatic interaction by mixing anionic conventional Lips with cationic DCS, deoxycholic acid conjugated on the backbone of chitosan. The cellular uptake of FITC-labeled DCS-Lips in Caco-2 cell monolayer was evaluated by CLSM and flow cytometry, respectively. Permeability study was carried out using Caco-2 cell monolayer. For another, EMO-loaded in situ colonic gel (EMO-IGE) was prepared by mixing EMO nanosuspensions and plain in situ gel, which was obtained by the cold method. The EMO-IGE was assessed for morphology, gelation temperature, viscosity and in vitro drug release. Finally, the therapeutic efficacy of the combination strategy, oral DCS-Lips formulations and in situ colonic gel, was evaluated in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) rat model. Additionally, 16S rDNA sequencing was performed on rats faces to investigate whether the combination strategy improves the microbial dysbiosis in UUO rats. RESULTS: The prepared DCS-Lips produced small, uniformly sized nanoparticles, and significantly enhanced the cellular uptake and in vitro permeability of EMO compared to non-coated liposomes. Moreover, the EMO-IGE was characterized by short gelation time, optimal gelling temperature, and excellent viscosity. In UUO model, the combination of DCS-Lips (gavage) and IGE (enema) attenuated renal fibrosis effectively. The results of 16S rDNA sequencing illustrated that IGE could restore the gut microbial dysbiosis of UUO rats. CONCLUSION: Overall, the combination of DCS-Lips and EMO-IGE alleviated renal fibrosis effectively, resulting from the improved oral bioavailability of EMO by DCS-Lips and the restoration of gut microbiota by EMO-IGE, thus, presenting an innovative and promising potential for renal fibrosis treatment.
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Quitosano , Emodina , Enfermedades Renales , Rheum , Obstrucción Ureteral , Animales , Células CACO-2 , ADN Ribosómico , Ácido Desoxicólico , Disbiosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Emodina/farmacología , Femenino , Fibrosis , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina E , Enfermedades Renales/tratamiento farmacológico , Liposomas , Masculino , Ratas , Obstrucción Ureteral/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Renal fibrosis is the expected outcome of many chronic kidney diseases, and effective treatments are needed. Emodin (EMO) and tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) are active ingredients in traditional Chinese herbs and have been effective in treating renal fibrosis. However, their application is greatly limited by inferior oral absorption, unexpected drug-drug interactions, and their ability to influence their respective pharmacokinetic profiles when used in combination. To mitigate these limitations, a new co-delivery approach based on a nano-in-micro system was designed by embedding Tan IIA-loaded nanoparticles (Tan IIA-NPs) in EMO-containing microcapsules. Microcapsules were prepared using the sharp flow technique that resulted in uniform spherical morphology and high encapsulation efficiency and drug loading. Furthermore, the encapsulated Tan IIA-NPs within the microcapsules exhibited superior cellular internalization and transmembrane transport due to the modification with cell-penetrating peptides and polyethylene glycol that facilitated the oral absorption of Tan IIA. Additionally, this nano-in-micro system exhibited evident sequential drug release. The oral bioavailability of EMO and Tan IIA was significantly improved when they were loaded into the hierarchically structured microcapsules, ultimately contributing to superior therapeutic outcomes in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction. Therefore, the nano-in-micro carrier designed in this study could provide an efficient strategy for the effective oral delivery of combined therapies to treat renal fibrosis.
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Emodina , Abietanos , Animales , Cápsulas , Fibrosis , RatasRESUMEN
Environmental problems associated with pig production have shown a growing trend in China. Subsequently, local governments have imposed bans and restrictions on pig production to control pollution, which has affected the supply of pork in the market. An emission trading system is an effective means to control the pollution of pig production. In this study, the emission trading system for controlling point source pollution is introduced into the control of pig farming nonpoint source pollution. Taking Zhejiang Province as the research area, we selected purposely four representative pig production cities in Hangzhou, Jiaxing, Ningbo, and Quzhou as the survey sites and conducted a face-to-face random sampling survey of scale pig farmers from 2018 to 2019. A Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) was used to evaluate the willingness of scale pig farmers to invest in biogas facilities under the emission trading system, and then, a regression model was constructed to analyze the feasibility of the emission trading system for pig farming pollution control. The empirical study found that the emission trading system can encourage scale pig farmers to use biogas fermentation to treat pollution and make environmental investments in recycling waste resources. Because of the scale economy of pollution treatment, it is proved feasible to introduce the emission trading system into the control of pig farming pollution.
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Agricultura , Contaminación Difusa , Animales , China , Ciudades , Agricultores , Humanos , PorcinosRESUMEN
Rhein (RH) is a candidate for the treatment of kidney diseases. However, clinical application of RH is impeded by low aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability. Deoxycholic acid-conjugated nanoparticles (DNPs) were prepared by ionic interaction for enhancing intestinal absorption by targeting the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter in the small intestine. Resultant DNPs showed relatively high entrapment efficiency (90.7 ± 0.73)% and drug-loading efficiency (6.5 ± 0.29)% with a particle size of approximately 190 nm and good overall dispersibility. In vitro release of RH from DNPs exhibited sustained and pH-dependent profiles. Cellular uptake and apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of the DNPs were 3.25- and 5.05-fold higher than that of RH suspensions, respectively. An in vivo pharmacokinetic study demonstrated significantly enhanced oral bioavailability of RH when encapsulated in DNPs, with 2.40- and 3.33-fold higher Cmax and AUC0-inf compared to RH suspensions, respectively. DNPs are promising delivery platforms for poorly absorbed drugs by oral administration.
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Nanopartículas , Administración Oral , Antraquinonas , Disponibilidad Biológica , Ácido Desoxicólico , Portadores de Fármacos , Tamaño de la PartículaRESUMEN
By computational optimization of air-void cavities in metallic substrates, we show that the local density of states (LDOS) can reach within a factor of ≈10 of recent theoretical upper limits and within a factor ≈4 for the single-polarization LDOS, demonstrating that the theoretical limits are nearly attainable. Optimizing the total LDOS results in a spontaneous symmetry breaking where it is preferable to couple to a specific polarization. Moreover, simple shapes such as optimized cylinders attain nearly the performance of complicated many-parameter optima, suggesting that only one or two key parameters matter in order to approach the theoretical LDOS bounds for metallic resonators.
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In this erratum, we correct two minor algebraic errors from our previous published manuscript [Opt. Express 27, 35189 (2019)], which do not affect the main results or conclusions, and make a corresponding small change to one figure.
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Blood vessels are constantly exposed to shear stress, a biomechanical force generated by blood flow. Normal shear stress sensing and barrier function are crucial for vascular homeostasis and are controlled by adherens junctions (AJs). Here we show that AJs are stabilized by the shear stress-induced long non-coding RNA LASSIE (linc00520). Silencing of LASSIE in endothelial cells impairs cell survival, cell-cell contacts and cell alignment in the direction of flow. LASSIE associates with junction proteins (e.g. PECAM-1) and the intermediate filament protein nestin, as identified by RNA affinity purification. The AJs component VE-cadherin showed decreased stabilization, due to reduced interaction with nestin and the microtubule cytoskeleton in the absence of LASSIE. This study identifies LASSIE as link between nestin and VE-cadherin, and describes nestin as crucial component in the endothelial response to shear stress. Furthermore, this study indicates that LASSIE regulates barrier function by connecting AJs to the cytoskeleton.
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Células Endoteliales/metabolismo , ARN Largo no Codificante/metabolismo , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana , Humanos , Estrés MecánicoRESUMEN
The low efficiency of Raman spectroscopy can be overcome by placing the active molecules in the vicinity of scatterers, typically rough surfaces or nanostructures with various shapes. This surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) leads to substantial enhancement that depends on the scatterer that is used. In this work, we find fundamental upper bounds on the Raman enhancement for arbitrary-shaped scatterers, depending only on its material constants and the separation distance from the molecule. According to our metric, silver is optimal in visible wavelengths while aluminum is better in the near-UV region. Our general analytical bound scales as the volume of the scatterer and the inverse sixth power of the distance to the active molecule. Numerical computations show that simple geometries fall short of the bounds, suggesting further design opportunities for future improvement. For periodic scatterers, we use two formulations to discover different bounds, and the tighter of the two always must apply. Comparing these bounds suggests an optimal period depending on the volume of the scatterer.
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The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of emodin on gut microbiota in acute kidney injury rats( AKI). Rats were randomly divided into several groups: normal group,model group,low-dose of emodin group( 10 mg·kg~(-1)),medium-dose of emodin group( 25 mg·kg~(-1)),high-dose of emodin group( 50 mg·kg~(-1)) and control group( 5 mg·kg~(-1) of benazepril hydrochloride).The AKI model rats were established by intraperitoneal injection of small dose of gentamicin sulfate for 7 days. Two hours after intraperitoneal injection,except for the normal group and the model group,the other groups were given corresponding doses of drugs for 15 days. The serum levels of serum creatinine( SCr),urea nitrogen( BUN),plasma endotoxin level,24 h urinary protein and D-lactate in the plasma were determined by sarcosine oxidase,urease method,tal reagent method,bromo cresol chloroform method and double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay,respectively. Gut microbial communities were assayed by fluorescent quantitative PCR methods. HE staining was used to detect the pathological changes of the kidneys. Compared with the normal group,there were significant differences in body weight,urinary protein( UTP),bacterial endotoxin,urea nitrogen,creatinine,D-lactate in the plasma and four bacterial contents in the model group( P<0. 05). The urinary protein,urea nitrogen,D-lactate,creatinine and plasma bacterial endotoxin in control group and each emodin group were lower than those in model group,especially for high-dose of emodin( P<0. 01). Moreover,pathology resolution in high-dose emodin was better than other groups. Except for low-dose of emodin group,qRT-PCR data suggested that the amounts of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus in medication administration group were increased,while the amounts of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium were reduced compared with model group( P<0. 05),especially for high-dose of emodin( P<0. 01). There is a clear imbalance of gut microbiota in rats with AKI. Emodin could regulate the imbalance of gut microbiota,which might be one of the mechanisms of its effects on AKI rats.