RESUMEN
Morphinan antagonists, which block opioid effects at mu-opioid receptors, have been studied for their analgesic potential. Previous studies have suggested that these antagonists elicit analgesia with fewer adverse effects in the presence of the mutant mu-opioid receptor (MOR; S196A). However, introducing a mutant receptor for medical applications represents significant challenges. We hypothesize that binding a chemical compound to the MOR may elicit a comparable effect to the S196A mutation. Through high-throughput screening and structure-activity relationship studies, we identified a modulator, 4-(2-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-3-yl)-3-methylbenzoic acid (BPRMU191), which confers agonistic properties to small-molecule morphinan antagonists, which induce G protein-dependent MOR activation. Co-application of BPRMU191 and morphinan antagonists resulted in MOR-dependent analgesia with diminished side effects, including gastrointestinal dysfunction, antinociceptive tolerance, and physical and psychological dependence. Combining BPRMU191 and morphinan antagonists could serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for severe pain with reduced adverse effects and provide an avenue for studying G protein-coupled receptor modulation.
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Extracellular HSP90α (eHSP90α) is a promoter of tumor development and malignant progression. Patients with malignancies, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), have generally shown 5~10-fold increases in serum/plasma eHSP90α levels. In this study, we developed a humanized antibody HH01 to target eHSP90α and evaluated its anticancer efficacy. HH01, with novel complementarity-determining regions, exhibits high binding affinity toward HSP90α. It recognizes HSP90α epitope sites 235AEEKEDKEEE244 and 251ESEDKPEIED260, with critical amino acid residues E237, E239, D240, K241, E253, and K255. HH01 effectively suppressed eHSP90α-induced invasive and spheroid-forming activities of colorectal cancer and PDAC cell lines by blocking eHSP90α's ligation with the cell-surface receptor CD91. In mouse models, HH01 potently inhibited the tumor growth of PDAC cell grafts/xenografts promoted by endothelial-mesenchymal transition-derived cancer-associated fibroblasts while also reducing serum eHSP90α levels, reflecting its anticancer efficacy. HH01 also modulated tumor immunity by reducing M2 macrophages and reinvigorating immune T-cells. Additionally, HH01 showed low aggregation propensity, high water solubility, and a half-life time of >18 days in mouse blood. It was not cytotoxic to retinal pigmented epithelial cells and showed no obvious toxicity in mouse organs. Our data suggest that targeting eHSP90α with HH01 antibody can be a promising novel strategy for PDAC therapy.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados , Proteínas HSP90 de Choque Térmico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Humanos , Proteínas HSP90 de Choque Térmico/metabolismo , Proteínas HSP90 de Choque Térmico/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patología , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Ratones , Línea Celular Tumoral , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados/farmacología , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados/uso terapéutico , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal/efectos de los fármacos , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/patología , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/inmunología , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/metabolismo , Transición Endotelial-MesenquimatosaRESUMEN
A series of bifunctional compounds have been discovered for their dual functionality as MER/AXL inhibitors and immune modulators. The furanopyrimidine scaffold, renowned for its suitability in kinase inhibitor discovery, offers at least three distinct pharmacophore access points. Insights from molecular modeling studies guided hit-to-lead optimization, which revealed that the 1,3-diketone side chain hybridized with furanopyrimidine scaffold that respectively combined amino-type substituent and 1H-pyrazol-4-yl substituent on the top and bottom of the aryl regions to produce 22 and 33, exhibiting potent antitumor activities in various syngeneic and xenograft models. More importantly, 33 demonstrated remarkable immune-modulating activity by upregulating the expression of total T-cells, cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells, and helper CD4+ T-cells in the spleen. These findings underscored the bifunctional capabilities of 33 (BPR5K230) with excellent oral bioavailability (F = 54.6%), inhibiting both MER and AXL while modulating the tumor microenvironment and highlighting its diverse applicability for further studies to advance its therapeutic potential.
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Antineoplásicos , Tirosina Quinasa del Receptor Axl , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas , Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas Receptoras , Microambiente Tumoral , Tirosina Quinasa c-Mer , Animales , Microambiente Tumoral/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/química , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/síntesis química , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas Receptoras/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas Receptoras/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/metabolismo , Tirosina Quinasa c-Mer/antagonistas & inhibidores , Tirosina Quinasa c-Mer/metabolismo , Ratones , Línea Celular Tumoral , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Descubrimiento de Drogas , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequeñas/farmacología , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequeñas/química , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequeñas/síntesis química , Femenino , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Aurora kinase inhibitors, such as alisertib, can destabilize MYC-family oncoproteins and have demonstrated compelling antitumor efficacy. In this study, we report 6K465, a novel pyrimidine-based Aurora A inhibitor, that reduces levels of c-MYC and N-MYC oncoproteins more potently than alisertib. In an analysis of the antiproliferative effect of 6K465, the sensitivities of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and breast cancer cell lines to 6K465 were strongly associated with the protein levels of c-MYC and/or N-MYC. We also report DBPR728, an acyl-based prodrug of 6K465 bearing fewer hydrogen-bond donors, that exhibited 10-fold improved oral bioavailability. DBPR728 induced durable tumor regression of c-MYC- and/or N-MYC-overexpressing xenografts including SCLC, triple-negative breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and medulloblastoma using a 5-on-2-off or once-a-week dosing regimen on a 21-day cycle. A single oral dose of DBPR728 at 300 mg/kg induced c-MYC reduction and cell apoptosis in the tumor xenografts for more than 7 days. The inhibitory effect of DBPR728 at a reduced dosing frequency was attributed to its uniquely high tumor/plasma ratio (3.6-fold within 7 days) and the long tumor half-life of active moiety 6K465. Furthermore, DBPR728 was found to synergize with the mTOR inhibitor everolimus to suppress c-MYC- or N-MYC-driven SCLC. Collectively, these results suggest DBPR728 has the potential to treat cancers overexpressing c-MYC and/or N-MYC.
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Aurora Quinasa A , Everolimus , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-myc , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto , Humanos , Animales , Aurora Quinasa A/antagonistas & inhibidores , Ratones , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-myc/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-myc/genética , Everolimus/farmacología , Everolimus/farmacocinética , Everolimus/administración & dosificación , Línea Celular Tumoral , Femenino , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacocinética , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/patología , Pirimidinas/farmacología , Pirimidinas/farmacocinética , Pirimidinas/administración & dosificación , Pirimidinas/uso terapéutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacología , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Down-regulation of Cisd2 in the liver has been implicated in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and increasing the level of Cisd2 is therefore a potential therapeutic approach to this group of diseases. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of Cisd2 activators, all thiophene analogs, based on a hit obtained using two-stage screening and prepared via either the Gewald reaction or by intramolecular aldol-type condensation of an N,S-acetal. Metabolic stability studies of the resulting potent Cisd2 activators suggest that thiophenes 4q and 6 are suitable for in vivo studies. The results from studies on 4q-treated and 6-treated Cisd2hKO-het mice, which carry a heterozygous hepatocyte-specific Cisd2 knockout, confirm that (1) there is a correlation between Cisd2 levels and NAFLD and (2) these compounds have the ability to prevent, without detectable toxicity, the development and progression of NAFLD.
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Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico , Animales , Ratones , Regulación hacia Abajo , Hepatocitos/metabolismo , Hígado/metabolismo , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/tratamiento farmacológico , Tiofenos/farmacología , Tiofenos/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
The compelling demand of a consummate analgesic medication without addiction is rising due to the clinical mistreatment. Additionally, the series of severe untoward effects usually deterred the utilization while coping with serious pain. As a possible turning point, we revealed that compound 14 is a dual agonist of mu opioid receptor (MOR) and nociceptin-orphanin FQ opioid peptide (NOP) receptor in this study. More importantly, compound 14 achieves pain relieving at very small doses, meanwhile, reduces several unwanted side effects such as constipation, reward, tolerance and withdrawal effects. Here, we evaluated the antinociception and side effects of this novel compound from wild type and humanized mice to further develop a safer prescription analgesic drug.
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Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos , Receptores Opioides mu , Ratones , Animales , Receptores Opioides mu/agonistas , Receptores Opioides/agonistas , Receptor de Nociceptina , Péptidos Opioides/farmacología , Péptidos Opioides/uso terapéutico , Analgésicos Opioides/efectos adversos , Dolor/inducido químicamente , Dolor/tratamiento farmacológico , Analgésicos/efectos adversos , NociceptinaRESUMEN
The development of orally bioavailable, furanopyrimidine-based double-mutant (L858R/T790M) EGFR inhibitors is described. First, selectivity for mutant EGFR was accomplished by replacing the (S)-2-phenylglycinol moiety of 12 with either an ethanol or an alkyl substituent. Then, the cellular potency and physicochemical properties were optimized through insights from molecular modeling studies by implanting various solubilizing groups in phenyl rings A and B. Optimized lead 52 shows 8-fold selective inhibition of H1975 (EGFRL858R/T790M overexpressing) cancer cells over A431 (EGFRWT overexpressing) cancer cells; western blot analysis further confirmed EGFR mutant-selective target modulation inside the cancer cells by 52. Notably, 52 displayed in vivo antitumor effects in two different mouse xenograft models (BaF3 transfected with mutant EGFR and H1975 tumors) with TGI = 74.9 and 97.5% after oral administration (F = 27%), respectively. With an extraordinary kinome selectivity (S(10) score of 0.017), 52 undergoes detailed preclinical development.
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Antineoplásicos , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Receptores ErbB , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas , Pirimidinas , Animales , Humanos , Ratones , Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Receptores ErbB/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptores ErbB/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Mutación , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/administración & dosificación , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Administración Oral , Pirimidinas/administración & dosificación , Pirimidinas/farmacologíaRESUMEN
CXCR4 antagonists have been claimed to reduce mortality after myocardial infarction in myocardial infarction (MI) animals, presumably due to suppressing inflammatory responses caused by myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, thus, subsequently facilitating tissue repair and cardiac function recovery. This study aims to determine whether a newly designed CXCR4 antagonist DBPR807 could exert better vascular-protective effects than other clinical counterparts (e.g., AMD3100) to alleviate cardiac damage further exacerbated by reperfusion. Consequently, we find that instead of traditional continuous treatment or multiple-dose treatment at different intervals of time, a single-dose treatment of DBPR807 before reperfusion in MI animals could attenuate inflammation via protecting oxidative stress damage and preserve vascular/capillary density and integrity via mobilizing endothelial progenitor cells, leading to a desirable fibrosis reduction and recovery of cardiac function, as evaluated with the LVEF (left ventricular ejection fraction) in infarcted hearts in rats and mini-pigs, respectively. Thus, it is highly suggested that CXCR4 antagonists should be given at a single high dose prior to reperfusion to provide the maximal cardiac functional improvement. Based on its favorable efficacy and safety profiles indicated in tested animals, DBPR807 has a great potential to serve as an adjunctive medicine for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) therapies in acute MI patients.
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Infarto del Miocardio , Daño por Reperfusión Miocárdica , Intervención Coronaria Percutánea , Receptores CXCR4 , Animales , Infarto del Miocardio/terapia , Daño por Reperfusión Miocárdica/etiología , Ratas , Receptores CXCR4/antagonistas & inhibidores , Volumen Sistólico , Porcinos , Porcinos Enanos , Función Ventricular IzquierdaRESUMEN
The Ca2+ entry from store-operated Ca2+ channel (SOC) is involved in regulating colorectal cancer progression, such as cell migration. SOC activation is due to STIM1 translocation and interaction with Orai1 upon Ca2+ depletion in the ER. Numerous SOC inhibitors, like 2-APB, have been developed and demonstrated their inhibition effects in the preclinical stage. However, most currently used SOC inhibitors have higher cytotoxicity or opposite effects at different doses, and the drugs to target SOC in the clinic are lacking. In this study, a total of 13 difluorobenzamide compounds had been synthesized and examined the inhibitory effects on SOC with Ca2+ imaging and wound-healing migration assay. Among them, 2,6-Difluoro-N-(5-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridine-2-yl)benzamide (MPT0M004, 8a) demonstrated a prominent inhibitory ability on SOC. Furthermore, the cell proliferation assay results showed that MPT0M004 (8a) had lower cytotoxicity than 2-APB, the reference compound. In the pharmacokinetic study, MPT0M004 (8a) has a long half-life (T1/2 = 24 h) and lower daily dose administered intravenously with an oral bioavailability (F = 34%). Therefore, MPT0M004 (8a) has the potential to be a lead compound as a SOC inhibitor and further develop into a potential drug to treat colorectal cancer.
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Canales de Calcio , Neoplasias Colorrectales , Humanos , Canales de Calcio/metabolismo , Proteína ORAI1 , Calcio/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorrectales/tratamiento farmacológico , Señalización del CalcioRESUMEN
Ligand-targeting drug delivery systems have made significant strides for disease treatments with numerous clinical approvals in this era of precision medicine. Herein, we report a class of small molecule-based immune checkpoint-targeting maytansinoid conjugates. From the ligand targeting ability, pharmacokinetics profiling, in vivo anti-pancreatic cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, and sorafenib-resistant liver cancer efficacies with quantitative mRNA analysis of treated-tumor tissues, we demonstrated that conjugate 40a not only induced lasting regression of tumor growth, but it also rejuvenated the once immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment to an "inflamed hot tumor" with significant elevation of gene expressions that were not accessible in the vehicle-treated tumor. In turn, the immune checkpoint-targeting small molecule drug conjugate from this work represents a new pharmacodelivery strategy that can be expanded with combination therapy with existing immune-oncology treatment options.
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Fosfatidilserinas , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas , Humanos , Ligandos , ARN Mensajero , Sorafenib/farmacología , Sorafenib/uso terapéutico , Microambiente TumoralRESUMEN
Currently, there is a significant unmet need for novel analgesics with fewer side effects. In this study, we carried out structural modification of a hit compound previously identified in an artificial-intelligence (AI) virtual screening and discovered the potent analgesic, benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide analog (compound 25) with new structural scaffold. We investigated the signaling pathways of opioid receptors mediated by compound 25, and found this racemic compound activated mu-opioid receptor through the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and ß-arrestin-2-mediated pathways with strong potency and efficacy, and accompanying nociceptin-orphanin FQ opioid peptide and delta-opioid receptors through the cAMP pathway with weak potencies. Compound 25 elicited potent antinociception in thermal-stimulated pain (ED50 value of 127.1 ± 34.65 µg/kg) and inflammatory-induced allodynia models with less gastrointestinal transit inhibition and antinociceptive tolerance than morphine. Overall, this study revealed a novel analgesic with reduced risks of side effects.
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Analgésicos Opioides , Tiofenos , Humanos , Tiofenos/farmacología , Tiofenos/uso terapéutico , Analgésicos Opioides/efectos adversos , Receptores Opioides mu/agonistas , Receptores Opioides/agonistas , Péptidos Opioides , Morfina/farmacología , Analgésicos/farmacología , Analgésicos/uso terapéutico , Analgésicos/química , Estreñimiento/inducido químicamente , Estreñimiento/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Ligand-targeting drug conjugates are a class of clinically validated biopharmaceutical drugs constructed by conjugating cytotoxic drugs with specific disease antigen targeting ligands through appropriate linkers. The integrated linker-drug motif embedded within such a system can prevent the premature release during systemic circulation, thereby allowing the targeting ligand to engage with the disease antigen and selective accumulation. We have designed and synthesized new thioester-linked maytansinoid conjugates. By performing in vitro cytotoxicity, targeting ligand binding assay, and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies, we investigated the utility of this new linker-drug moiety in the small molecule drug conjugate (SMDC) system. In particular, we conjugated the thioester-linked maytansinoids to the phosphatidylserine-targeting small molecule zinc dipicolylamine and showed that Zn8_DM1 induced tumor regression in the HCC1806 triple-negative breast cancer xenograft model. Moreover, in a spontaneous sorafenib-resistant liver cancer model, Zn8_DM1 exhibited potent antitumor growth efficacy. From quantitative mRNA analysis of Zn8_DM1 treated-tumor tissues, we observed the elevation of gene expressions associated with a "hot inflamed tumor" state. With the identification and validation of a plethora of cancer-associated antigens in the "omics" era, this work provided the insight that antibody- or small molecule-based targeting ligands can be conjugated similarly to generate new ligand-targeting drug conjugates.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The human CISD2 gene is located within a longevity region mapped on chromosome 4q. In mice, Cisd2 levels decrease during natural aging and genetic studies have shown that a high level of Cisd2 prolongs mouse lifespan and healthspan. Here, we evaluate the feasibility of using a Cisd2 activator as an effective way of delaying aging. METHODS: Hesperetin was identified as a promising Cisd2 activator by herb compound library screening. Hesperetin has no detectable toxicity based on in vitro and in vivo models. Naturally aged mice fed dietary hesperetin were used to investigate the effect of this Cisd2 activator on lifespan prolongation and the amelioration of age-related structural defects and functional decline. Tissue-specific Cisd2 knockout mice were used to study the Cisd2-dependent anti-aging effects of hesperetin. RNA sequencing was used to explore the biological effects of hesperetin on aging. RESULTS: Three discoveries are pinpointed. Firstly, hesperetin, a promising Cisd2 activator, when orally administered late in life, enhances Cisd2 expression and prolongs healthspan in old mice. Secondly, hesperetin functions mainly in a Cisd2-dependent manner to ameliorate age-related metabolic decline, body composition changes, glucose dysregulation, and organ senescence. Finally, a youthful transcriptome pattern is regained after hesperetin treatment during old age. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that a Cisd2 activator, hesperetin, represents a promising and broadly effective translational approach to slowing down aging and promoting longevity via the activation of Cisd2.
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Longevidad , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso , Envejecimiento/genética , Animales , Proteínas Relacionadas con la Autofagia , Hesperidina , Humanos , Longevidad/genética , Ratones , Ratones Noqueados , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/genéticaRESUMEN
We report the design, synthesis and evaluation of a class of phosphatidylserine-targeting zinc (II) dipicolylamine drug conjugates and show that conjugate 16b elicits immune cell infiltration and remodels the "cold" hepatic tumor microenvironment to the inflamed "hot" tumor. Structure-property relationship study via linker modifications and subsequent pharmacokinetics profiling were carried out to improve the solubility and stability of the conjugates in vivo. In a spontaneous hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model, we showed that conjugate 16b exhibited better antitumor efficacy than sorafenib. In particular, significant increase of CD8+ T cell infiltration and granzyme B level was observed, providing insights in sensitizing tumors from intrinsic immune suppressive microenvironment. Evaluation of tumor inflammation-related mRNA expression profile revealed that conjugate 16b, through inductions of key gene expressions including STAT1, CXCL9, CCL5, and PD-L1, rejuvenated tumor microenvironment with enhancement in T cell-, macrophage-, NK cell-, chemokines and cytokines'- functions. Our study establishes that an apoptosis-targeting theranostic enables enrichment of multifaceted immune cells into the tumor mass, which provides potential therapeutic strategies in the combination with immune checkpoint blockade treatment.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Animales , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Ratones , Fosfatidilserinas , Microambiente TumoralRESUMEN
Chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity is a common adverse effect of cancer treatment. No medication has been shown to be effective in the prevention or treatment of chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity. Using minoxidil as an initial template for structural modifications in conjunction with an in vitro neurite outgrowth assay, an image-based high-content screening platform, and mouse behavior models, an effective neuroprotective agent CN016 was discovered. Our results showed that CN016 could inhibit paclitaxel-induced inflammatory responses and infiltration of immune cells into sensory neurons significantly. Thus, the suppression of proinflammatory factors elucidates, in part, the mechanism of action of CN016 on alleviating paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy. Based on excellent efficacy in improving behavioral functions, high safety profiles (MTD > 500 mg/kg), and a large therapeutic window (MTD/MED > 50) in mice, CN016 might have great potential to become a peripherally neuroprotective agent to prevent neurotoxicity caused by chemotherapeutics as typified by paclitaxel.
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Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos , Antineoplásicos , Fármacos Neuroprotectores , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico , Animales , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/toxicidad , Ganglios Espinales , Ratones , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/uso terapéutico , Paclitaxel/toxicidad , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/prevención & controlRESUMEN
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) is a potential target for the next generation of cancer immunotherapies. We describe the development of two series of IDO1 inhibitors incorporating a N-hydroxy-thiophene-carboximidamide core generated by knowledge-based drug design. Structural modifications to improve the cellular activity and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of the compounds synthesized, including extension of the side chain of the N-hydroxythiophene-2-carboximidamide core, resulted in compound 27a, a potent IDO1 inhibitor which demonstrated significant (51%) in vivo target inhibition on IDO1 in a human SK-OV-3 ovarian xenograft tumor mouse model. This strategy is expected to be applicable to the discovery of additional IDO1 inhibitors for the treatment of other diseases susceptible to modulation of IDO1.
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Amidas/química , Diseño de Fármacos , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Indolamina-Pirrol 2,3,-Dioxigenasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Amidas/metabolismo , Animales , Sitios de Unión , Línea Celular Tumoral , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/metabolismo , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/uso terapéutico , Semivida , Humanos , Indolamina-Pirrol 2,3,-Dioxigenasa/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Tiofenos/química , Trasplante HeterólogoRESUMEN
Colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) is implicated in tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) repolarization and has emerged as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. Herein, we describe the discovery of orally active and selective CSF1R inhibitors by property-driven optimization of BPR1K871 (9), our clinical multitargeting kinase inhibitor. Molecular docking revealed an additional nonclassical hydrogen-bonding (NCHB) interaction between the unique 7-aminoquinazoline scaffold and the CSF1R hinge region, contributing to CSF1R potency enhancement. Structural studies of CSF1R and Aurora kinase B (AURB) demonstrated the differences in their back pockets, which inspired the use of a chain extension strategy to diminish the AURA/B activities. A lead compound BPR1R024 (12) exhibited potent CSF1R activity (IC50 = 0.53 nM) and specifically inhibited protumor M2-like macrophage survival with a minimal effect on antitumor M1-like macrophage growth. In vivo, oral administration of 12 mesylate delayed the MC38 murine colon tumor growth and reversed the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment with the increased M1/M2 ratio.
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Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Neoplasias del Colon/tratamiento farmacológico , Descubrimiento de Drogas , Agentes Inmunomoduladores/farmacología , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Receptor de Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Macrófagos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Administración Oral , Animales , Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Antineoplásicos/química , Línea Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias del Colon/patología , Agentes Inmunomoduladores/administración & dosificación , Agentes Inmunomoduladores/química , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Neoplasias Experimentales , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/administración & dosificación , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/química , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Rare oncogenic NTRK gene fusions result in uncontrolled TRK signaling leading to various adult and pediatric solid tumors. Based on the architecture of our multi-targeted clinical candidate BPR1K871 (10), we designed and synthesized a series of quinazoline compounds as selective and orally bioavailable type II TRK inhibitors. Property-driven and lead optimization strategies informed by structure-activity relationship studies led to the identification of 39, which showed higher (about 15-fold) selectivity for TRKA over AURA and AURB, as well as potent cellular activity (IC50 = 56.4 nM) against the KM12 human colorectal cancer cell line. 39 also displayed good AUC and oral bioavailability (F = 27%), excellent in vivo efficacy (TGI = 64%) in a KM12 xenograft model, and broad-spectrum anti-TRK mutant potency (IC50 = 3.74-151.4 nM), especially in the double-mutant TRKA enzymatic assays. 39 is therefore proposed for further development as a next-generation, selective, and orally-administered type II TRK inhibitor.
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Diseño de Fármacos , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/química , Receptor trkA/antagonistas & inhibidores , Administración Oral , Animales , Aurora Quinasa A/antagonistas & inhibidores , Aurora Quinasa A/metabolismo , Aurora Quinasa B/antagonistas & inhibidores , Aurora Quinasa B/metabolismo , Sitios de Unión , Línea Celular Tumoral , Semivida , Humanos , Ratones , Ratones Desnudos , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/patología , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/metabolismo , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/uso terapéutico , Ratas , Receptor trkA/metabolismo , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Trasplante HeterólogoRESUMEN
The A-type Aurora kinase is upregulated in many human cancers, and it stabilizes MYC-family oncoproteins, which have long been considered an undruggable target. Here, we describe the design and synthesis of a series of pyrimidine-based derivatives able to inhibit Aurora A kinase activity and reduce levels of cMYC and MYCN. Through structure-based drug design of a small molecule that induces the DFG-out conformation of Aurora A kinase, lead compound 13 was identified, which potently (IC50 < 200 nM) inhibited the proliferation of high-MYC expressing small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines. Pharmacokinetic optimization of 13 by prodrug strategies resulted in orally bioavailable 25, which demonstrated an 8-fold higher oral AUC (F = 62.3%). Pharmacodynamic studies of 25 showed it to effectively reduce cMYC protein levels, leading to >80% tumor regression of NCI-H446 SCLC xenograft tumors in mice. These results support the potential of 25 for the treatment of MYC-amplified cancers including SCLC.
Asunto(s)
Aurora Quinasa A/antagonistas & inhibidores , Diseño de Fármacos , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/síntesis química , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-myc/metabolismo , Pirimidinas/química , Animales , Aurora Quinasa A/metabolismo , Aurora Quinasa B/antagonistas & inhibidores , Aurora Quinasa B/metabolismo , Sitios de Unión , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación hacia Abajo/efectos de los fármacos , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/metabolismo , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/uso terapéutico , Pirimidinas/metabolismo , Pirimidinas/farmacología , Pirimidinas/uso terapéutico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de XenoinjertoRESUMEN
AIMS: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a valid molecular drug target from which its inhibitors have been developed as medicines for treating diabetes. The present study evaluated a new synthetic DPP-4-specific inhibitor of small molecule DBPR108 for pharmacology and pharmacokinetic profiles. MAIN METHODS: DBPR108 of various doses was orally administered to rats, diabetic mice, and dogs and the systemic circulating DPP-4 activities in the animals were measured to demonstrate the pharmacological mechanisms of action via DPP-4 inhibition. Upon an oral administration of DBPR108, the serum active GLP-1 and insulin levels of the rats challenged with an oral glucose ingestion were measured. Oral glucose tolerance test in diet-induced obese mice was performed to examine if DBPR108 increases the glucose tolerability in animals. KEY FINDINGS: Orally administered DBPR108 inhibited the systemic plasma DPP-4 activities in rats, dogs and diabetic mice in a dose-dependent manner. DBPR108 caused elevated serum levels of active GLP-1 and insulin in the rats. DBPR108 dose-dependently increased the glucose tolerability in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice and, furthermore, DIO mice treated with DBPR108 (0.1 mg/kg) in combination with metformin (50 or 100 mg/kg) showed a prominently strong increase in the glucose tolerability. SIGNIFICANCE: DBPR108 is a novel DPP-4-selective inhibitor of small molecule that demonstrated potent in vivo pharmacological effects and good safety profiles in animals. DBPR108 is now a drug candidate being further developed in the clinical studies as therapeutics for treating diabetes.