Photoinduced anticancer activity studies of iridium(III) complexes targeting mitochondria and tubules.

Three new iridium (III) complexes [Ir (ppy)2 (ipbc)](PF6) (1), [Ir (bzq)2 (ipbc)](PF6) (2) and [Ir (piq)2 (ipbc)](PF6) (3) were designed and synthesized. All the complexes were tested for anticancer activity using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole)-2,5-diphenyltetraazolium bromide (MTT) method. The complexes show no cytotoxic activity toward cancer BEL-7402, SGC-7901, Eca-109, A549, HeLa and HepG2 cells. However, upon irradiation with white light, the complexes display high cytotoxicity against BEL-7402 cells with an IC50 value of 5.5 ±â€¯0.8, 7.3 ±â€¯1.3 and 11.5 ±â€¯1.6 µM for 1, 2 and 3, respectively. AO/EB staining and comet assay show that the complexes can induce apoptosis in BEL-7402 cells. The complexes can increase intracellular ROS and Ca2+ levels and cause a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential. Autophagic assays exhibit that the complexes can induce autophagy and regulate the expression of Beclin-1 and LC3 proteins. The cell cycle distribution in BEL-7402 cells was carried out by flow cytometry. The expression of Bcl-2 family proteins was studied by western blot. Additionally, the complexes can release cytochrome c and inhibit the polymerization of α-tubulin. Our study reveals that the complexes inhibit the cell growth in BEL-7402 cells through an ROS-mediated mitochondria dysfunction and targeting tubules pathways. These complexes are a promising new entity for the development of multi-target anticancer drugs.