Correction: Association between Gait Deviation Index and Physical Function in Children with Bilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Cross-Sectional Study. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 28.

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...].

Comparison of surgical and nonsurgical containment methods for patients with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease of the onset ages between 6.0 and 8.0 years: Salter osteotomy versus a non-weight-bearing hip flexion-abduction brace.

Since bone healing potential decreases with age, patients with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease should receive treatment appropriate to their age group. Nonsurgical treatment is commonly applied to patients under 6.0 years of age at the onset and surgical treatment is recommended for those over 8.0 years of age, but it remains unclear which is better for those between 6.0 and 8.0 years. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare outcomes of Salter osteotomy and a non-weight-bearing brace in this age group. Inclusion criteria were unilateral Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease patients who were 6.0-8.0 years of age at the onset, who had more than 50% femoral head involvement without hinge abduction, and who underwent either Salter osteotomy (n = 35) or a non-weight-bearing hip flexion-abduction brace (n = 18). Radiological and clinical outcomes at skeletal maturity were compared between the two groups. The mean follow-up durations were 9.4 years in the Salter osteotomy group and 10.0 years in the brace group. There was no significant difference in the modified Waldenström classification at the beginning of treatment and the Catterall and modified lateral pillar classifications evaluated at the fragmentation stage between the groups. At skeletal maturity, the Stulberg classification, the sphericity deviation score, femoral head overgrowth, and the articulo-trochanteric distance were similar between the groups, but the Salter osteotomy group showed significantly smaller lateralization of the femoral head and better acetabular shape and coverage than the brace group: femoral head lateralization (P < 0.001), acetabular depth-to-width ratio (P = 0.002), Sharp angle (P < 0.001), lateral acetabular shape (P = 0.027), acetabular head index (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in hip pain and motion between the groups. In this age group, Salter osteotomy provides better femoral head position and acetabular shape and coverage than a non-weight-bearing brace.

Association between Gait Deviation Index and Physical Function in Children with Bilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Cross-Sectional Study.

This study examined the association between Gait Deviation Index (GDI) and the five-times-sit-to-stand test (FTSST) or gait speed results, which represent mobility and muscle strength of the lower extremities in ambulatory children with Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level I and II spastic cerebral palsy. In this cross-sectional, observational study, three-dimensional gait analysis data were obtained during gait trials to evaluate the GDI in 35 children (age 5-16 years) with spastic palsy. Motor function was evaluated using FTSST and gait speed. Gross motor function was evaluated using GMFCS. Children with GMFCS level II spastic cerebral palsy demonstrated lower GDI (p < 0.001) and poorer FTSST (p = 0.031) than those with GMFCS level I spastic cerebral palsy. Correlation analysis showed that FTSST results were significantly correlated with GDI (r = -0.624; p < 0.001). Motor function may be important for the maintenance of gait quality in patients with GMFCS level I and II spastic cerebral palsy and should not be ignored. In conclusion, reduction in gait impairment may affect the values of FTSST and GDI in patients with spastic cerebral palsy who can ambulate without an assistive device.

Calcaneal lengthening for planovalgus foot deformity in children with spastic cerebral palsy.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of calcaneal lengthening in the treatment of planovalgus foot deformity of children with spastic cerebral palsy. Sixteen children (27 feet) with spastic cerebral palsy underwent calcaneal lengthening along with peroneal tendons. The results were assessed clinically and radiographically. Over an average of 3.2 years of follow-up (2.0-5.0), 20 (74.1%) feet showed a satisfactory clinical result, and 21 (77.8%) feet showed a satisfactory radiographic result, according to the modified Mosca's criteria. Dependent ambulators with severe pes planovalgus showed unsatisfactory results compared with independent ambulators with mild to moderate pes planovalgus. These findings suggest that for severe pes planovalgus of children with cerebral palsy, it may be difficult to correct the foot deformity by calcaneal lengthening with peroneal tendons.