[Identification of Shiga toxin in patients with acute intestinal infections in the presence of mono- and mixed-O-antigens of pathogens]. / Vyiavlenie Shiga-toksina u bol'nykh ostrymi kishechnymi infektsiiami v prisutstvii mono- i mikst-O-antigenov vozbuditelei.

AIM: To investigate the time course of changes in the detection rates and levels of Shiga toxin antigen (STA) in their stool and middle-molecule circulating immune complexes (CICs) containing IgG (IgG CIC) in patients with acute intestinal infections (AIIs) in the presence of the body's circulation of mono- and mixed-LPS/O-antigens of intestinal pathogens. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 147 patients aged 15 to 55 years who had been hospitalized with AIIs were examined. The diagnosis was bacteriologically verified in 19% of the patients; in the others, it was confirmed by the detection of LPS/O-antigens of Shigella, Salmonella, Yersinia, and Campylobacter in their stool by means of the reaction of coagglutination (RCA) on glass slides. Plates for RCA displayed STA in the fecal and IgG CIC samples. RESULTS: Mono- and mixed infections were detected in 32 and 68%, respectively. The RCA plates exhibited STA in 25.2% of the fecal samples and in 90.5% of the IgG CIC ones from patients with AIIs and did not in those from donors. In monoinfection, the detection rates and levels of STA in the feces became lower in the course of the disease and remained unchanged in IgG CIC and the levels of STA also decreased in the feces, but increased in IgG CIC in mixed infection. CONCLUSION: In 25.2% of the patients with early AIIs, their stools show free STA; its detection rate and levels are significantly higher in mixed infections than those in monoinfection. The level of STA in serum IgG CIC was significantly higher in mixed infection, suggesting an active immune response to the pathogen. Given that the Shiga toxin-producing strains are present in patients with AIIs, caution should be exercised in the choice of an antibacterial drug to prevent horizontal gene transfer and to enhance toxin production and the body's intoxication. One of the advantages of RCA is the possibility of rapidly changing the spectrum of test systems, depending on the region of their application and the epidemiological situation.

[The migration activity of leukocytes as indicator of hyper-sensitivity of delayed type in patients with erysipelas.]

The hyper-sensitivity of delayed type is one of important manifestations of cellular immunity. The successful studying of this phenomenon can favor solution of actual issues of pathogenesis, diagnostics and treatment of bacterial infections. The present review considers hyper-sensitivity of delayed type as an important area of cellular immunity under infectious pathology and macrophage-inhibiting factor as an important lymphocyte mediator: cytokine and hormone. The model of intestinal infections and erysipelas was used to demonstrate an important diagnostic and prognostic value of screening test of cellular migration as a simple, handy in application and reading of results, relatively new technique permitting to evaluate both acceleration of migration of leukocytes at height of disease and inhibition of migration in re-convalescence of disease. The establishment of character and dynamics of migration activity of leukocytes on partial genes antigens S.pyogenes in screening test of cellular migration can be used in diagnostics of various forms of erysipelas, evaluation of expression of intoxication, prognosis of complications and relapses. The disturbance of dynamics of migration activity of leukocytes testifies failure of immune response to agent.