RESUMEN
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and treatment mechanism of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and neural crest-derived epidermal stem cells (ESCs) in their administration alone and combination in vascular dementia (VaD) model by two-vessel occlusion (2VO). Methods. Sixty-six rats were divided into six groups: the control, sham, 2VO + vehicle, 2VO + PRP, 2VO + ESC, and 2VO + ESC + PRP. The treated groups received 1 million cells on days 4, 14, and 21 with or without 500 µl PRP (twice a week) after 2VO. The memory performance and anxiety were evaluated by behavioral tests including open field, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze. The basal-synaptic transmission (BST) and long-term potentiation (LTP) were assessed through field-potential recordings of the CA1. The mRNA expression levels of IGF-1, TGF-ß1, PSD-95, and GSk-3ß were measured in the rat hippocampus by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results. The results demonstrated impaired learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity in the 2VO rats, along with a significant decrease in the expression of IGF-1, TGF-ß1, PSD-95, and upregulation of GSK-3ß. Treatment with ESC alone and ESC + PRP showed similar improvements in spatial memory and LTP induction, with associated upregulation of PSD-95 and downregulation of GSK-3ß. However, only the ESC + PRP group showed recovery in BST. Furthermore, combination therapy was more effective than PRP monotherapy for LTP and memory. Conclusions. The transplantation of ESC showed better effects than PRP alone, and combination therapy increased the treatment efficacy with the recovery of BST. This finding may be a clue for the combination therapy of ESC and PRP for VaD.
RESUMEN
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of early and late administration of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on learning-memory and hippocampal synaptic plasticity impairment in rat model of vascular dementia. Sprague-Dawley rats (6-7 weeks) were randomly divided into control, sham, 2VO + V (bilateral carotid vessel occlusion + vehicle), 2VO + E-PRP (early after 2VO), and 2VO + L-PRP (late after 2VO) groups. The injection of PRP started immediately or on the day 20 after 2VO in 2VO + E-PRP and 2VO + L-PRP, respectively, and continued until 28th day (two-time a week). The passive avoidance and Morris water maze tests were used for evaluation of fear and spatial memory formation. The in-vivo long-term potentiation (LTP) was evaluated by field-potential recording, paired-pulse ratio (PPR) and input-output (I/O) curve which were monitored as indexes for evaluation of short-term plasticity (STP) and basal-synaptic transmission (BST), respectively. The 2VO decreased PPR at inter-stimuli interval (ISI) 10 ms and BST, but injection of PRP in both treated groups rescued the PPR and BST depression. In addition, the induction of LTP, fear and spatial memory performance decreased in the 2VO + V group. However, early treatment, but not late, recovered LTP and memory. The PPR and BST improved with early and late treatment; therefore, the number and time of injection seem to be not important for recovery of BST. However, we found that LTP and memory loss rescued only with early administration. Hence, timely injection, before development of the disease, or number of injections could be critical.