Neoadjuvant PD-(L)1 blockade plus platinum-based chemotherapy for potentially resectable oncogene-positive non-small cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: Whether programmed cell death-1/ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) blockade-based neoadjuvant treatment may benefit locally advanced oncogene-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients remains controversial. This retrospective study was designed to observe the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant PD-1/PD-L1 blockade plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy and corresponding tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in patients with resectable oncogene-positive NSCLC. METHODS: Patients with potential resectable NSCLC harbouring oncogene alterations who had received neoadjuvant treatment were retrospectively recruited, and an oncogene-negative cohort of patients who received neoadjuvant PD-(L)1 blockade-based neoadjuvant treatment was reviewed for comparison during the same period. The primary aim was to observe the treatment efficacy and event-free survival (EFS) of these agents. Safety profile, molecular target, and immunologic factor data, including PD-L1 expression and tumour mutational burden (TMB), were also obtained. RESULTS: A total of 46 patients were recruited. Thirty-one of them harboured oncogene alterations, including EGFR, KRAS, ERBB2, ROS1, MET, RET, ALK, and FGFR3 alterations. Among the oncogene-positive patients, 18 patients received neoadjuvant PD-(L)1 blockade immunotherapy plus chemotherapy (oncogene-positive IO group), 13 patients were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and/or corresponding TKIs or TKIs alone (oncogene-positive chemo/TKIs group), and the other 15 patients were oncogene negative and received neoadjuvant PD-(L)1 blockade plus chemotherapy (oncogene-negative IO group). The pathological complete response (pCR) and major pathological response (MPR) rates were 22.2% (4 of 18) and 44.4% (8 of 18) in the oncogene-positive IO group, 0% (P = 0.120) and 23.1% (3 of 13) (P = 0.276) in the oncogene-positive chemo/TKIs group, and 46.7% (7 of 15) (P = 0.163) and 80.0% (12 of 15) (P = 0.072) in the oncogene-negative IO group, respectively. By the last follow-up, the median EFS time had not reached in the oncogene-positive IO group, and was 29.5 months in the oncogene-positive chemo/TKIs group and 38.4 months in the oncogene-negative IO group. CONCLUSION: Compared with chemotherapy/TKIs treatment, neoadjuvant treatment with PD-(L)1 blockade plus platinum-based chemotherapy was associated with higher pCR/MPR rates in patients with partially resectable oncogene-mutant NSCLC, while the pCR/MPR rates were lower than their oncogene-negative counterparts treated with PD-(L)1 blockade-based treatment. Specifically, oncogene alteration types and other predictors of response to immunotherapy should be taken into account in clinical practice.

Gut virome alterations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the primary causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The gut microbiome, particularly the bacteriome, has been demonstrated to contribute to the progression of COPD. However, the influence of gut virome on the pathogenesis of COPD is rarely studied. Recent advances in viral metagenomics have enabled the rapid discovery of its remarkable role in COPD. In this study, deep metagenomics sequencing of fecal virus-like particles and bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on 92 subjects from China to characterize alterations of the gut virome in COPD. Lower richness and diversity of the gut virome were observed in the COPD subjects compared with the healthy individuals. Sixty-four viral species, including Clostridium phage, Myoviridae sp., and Synechococcus phage, showed positive relationships with pulmonary ventilation functions and had markedly declined population in COPD subjects. Multiple viral functions, mainly involved in bacterial susceptibility and the interaction between bacteriophages and bacterial hosts, were significantly declined in COPD. In addition, COPD was characterized by weakened viral-bacterial interactions compared with those in the healthy cohort. The gut virome showed diagnostic performance with an area under the curve (AUC) of 88.7%, which indicates the potential diagnostic value of the gut virome for COPD. These results suggest that gut virome may play an important role in the development of COPD. The information can provide a reference for the future investigation of diagnosis, treatment, and in-depth mechanism research of COPD. IMPORTANCE: Previous studies showed that the bacteriome plays an important role in the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, little is known about the involvement of the gut virome in COPD. Our study explored the disease-specific virome signatures of patients with COPD. We found the diversity and compositions altered of the gut virome in COPD subjects compared with healthy individuals, especially those viral species positively correlated with pulmonary ventilation functions. Additionally, the declined bacterial susceptibility, the interaction between bacteriophages and bacterial hosts, and the weakened viral-bacterial interactions in COPD were observed. The findings also suggested the potential diagnostic value of the gut virome for COPD. The results highlight the significance of gut virome in COPD. The novel strategies for gut virome rectifications may help to restore the balance of gut microecology and represent promising therapeutics for COPD.

Mapping the vast landscape of multisystem complications of COVID-19: Bibliometric analysis.

Background: With the rapid global spread of COVID-19, it has become evident that the virus can lead to multisystem complications, leading to a significant increase in related publications. Bibliometrics serves as a valuable tool for identifying highly cited literature and research hotspots within specific areas. Objective: The aim of this study is to identify current research hotspots and future trends in COVID-19 complications. Methods: The dataset was obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection, covering COVID-19 complications from December 8, 2019, to October 31, 2022. Various aspects, including publication general information, authors, journals, co-cited authors, co-cited references, research hotspots, and future trends, were subjected to analysis. Visual analysis was conducted using VOSviewer, The Online Analysis Platform of Literature Metrology, and Charticulator. Results: There were 4597 articles in the study. The top three countries with the most published articles are the USA (n = 1350, 29.4 %), China (n = 765, 16.6 %), and Italy (n = 623, 13.6 %). USA and China have the closest collaborative relationship. The institute with the largest number of publications is Huazhong University of Science and Technology, followed by Harvard Medical School. Nevertheless, half of the top 10 institutes belong to the USA. "Rezaei, Nima" published 13 articles and ranked first, followed by "Yaghi, Shadi" with 12 articles and "Frontera, Jennifer" with 12 articles. The journal with the largest number of publications is "Journal of Clinical Medicine". The top 3 co-cited authors are "Zhou, Fei", "Guan, Wei-Jie", "Huang, Chaolin". The top 3 co-cited references addressed COVID-19's clinical features in China and noticed that COVID-19 patients had a wide range of complications. We also list four research hotspots. Conclusions: This study conducted a bibliometric visual analysis of the literature on COVID-19 complications and summarized the current research hotspots. This study may provide valuable insights into the complications of COVID-19.

Case report: A rare immune-related adverse effect: hepatic cavernous hemangioma induced by camrelizumab.

Background: Camrelizumab, a programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibiting antibody, has demonstrated efficacy in various malignancies and received approval in multiple countries. Despite its therapeutic benefits, camrelizumab is associated with a unique spectrum of immune-related adverse effects (irAEs), predominantly reactive cutaneous capillary endothelial proliferation (RCCEP). However, visceral manifestations of such endothelial proliferations, particularly hepatic cavernous hemangiomas, have not been extensively documented. Methods: This case series retrospectively reviews six patients who developed hepatic hemangiomas following treatment with camrelizumab in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents. The series highlights the clinical course, imaging findings, management strategies, and outcomes associated with this complication. A detailed analysis was conducted to discern the potential causal relationship between camrelizumab therapy and the development of hepatic hemangiomas. Results: All six patients, after varying cycles of camrelizumab-based therapy, presented with hepatic lesions identified as cavernous hemangiomas on imaging. These findings were atypical for metastatic disease and were further complicated by significant clinical events, including massive intra-abdominal bleeding post-biopsy. Discontinuation of camrelizumab led to a reduction in the size of the hemangiomas in two cases, suggesting a potential link between the drug and the development of these vascular lesions. The incidence of RCCEP remained high, and the use of other agents such as bevacizumab did not mitigate the occurrence of hepatic hemangiomas, indicating a possible unique pathogenic mechanism associated with camrelizumab. Conclusion: Hepatic cavernous hemangioma may represent a rare but clinically significant irAE associated with camrelizumab therapy. This series underscores the importance of vigilant monitoring and a high index of suspicion for atypical hepatic lesions in patients undergoing treatment with PD-1 inhibitors. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the pathophysiology of this complication and to establish guidelines for the management and surveillance of patients receiving camrelizumab.

Systemic immune-inflammatory biomarkers (SII, NLR, PLR and LMR) linked to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease risk.

Background: Systemic immune-inflammatory biomarkers including systemic immune inflammation index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) have been demonstrated to be associated with the risk and severity of various liver diseases. However, studies on their role and clinical significance in metabolic diseases, especially in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), are limited and results are inconsistent. Methods: 10821 adults aged 20 years or older were enrolled in this cross-sectional study, sourced from six cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Survey-weighted logistic regression was employed to investigate the correlation between systemic immune-inflammatory biomarkers (SII, NLR, PLR, and LMR) and NAFLD risk. Restricted cubic spline regression models and segmented regression models were used to describe nonlinear relationships and threshold effects. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also conducted. Results: After adjusting for all confounding variables, there was a significant positive association observed between ln-transformed SII (OR= 1.46, 95% CI: 1.27-1.69, P <0.001), NLR (OR= 1.25, 95% CI: 1.05-1.49, P =0.015), LMR (OR= 1.39, 95% CI: 1.14-1.69, P = 0.002) with NAFLD. A nonlinear dose-response relationship with an inverted "U"-shaped threshold of 4.64 was observed between ln(PLR) and NAFLD risk. When ln(PLR) was below 4.64, each unit increase in ln(PLR) was associated with a 0.55-fold increase in the risk of NAFLD (OR= 1.55, 95% CI: 1.05-2.31, P <0.05). Conversely, when ln(PLR) exceeded 4.64, each unit increase in ln(PLR) was associated with a 0.40-fold decrease in the risk of NAFLD (OR= 0.60, 95% CI. 0.44-0.81, P <0.05). Conclusion: ln-transformed SII, NLR, and LMR were linearly associated with NAFLD risk. ln(PLR) showed an inverted "U"-shaped nonlinear dose-response relationship with the risk of NAFLD.

Hybridization-based discovery of novel quinazoline-2-indolinone derivatives as potent and selective PI3Kα inhibitors.

INTRODUCTION: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) overexpression can elicit cellular homeostatic dysregulation, which further contributes to tumorigenesis, with PI3Kα emerging as the most prevalent mutant isoform kinase among PI3Ks. Therefore, selective inhibitors targeting PI3Kα have attracted considerable interest in recent years. Molecular hybridization, with the advantage of simplified pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interactions, emerged as one of the important avenues for discovering potential drugs. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to construct PI3Kα inhibitors by hybridization and investigate their antitumor activity and mechanism. METHODS: 26 quinazoline-2-indolinone derivatives were obtained by molecular hybridization, and their structure-activity relationship was analyzed by MTT, in vitro kinase activity and molecular docking. The biological evaluation of compound 8 was performed by transwell, flow cytometry, laser scanning confocal microscopy, Western blot, CTESA and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Here, we employed molecular hybridization methods to construct a series of quinazoline-2-indolinone derivatives as PI3Kα selective inhibitors. Encouragingly, representative compound 8 exhibited a PI3Kα enzymatic IC50 value of 9.11 nM and 10.41/16.99/37.53-fold relative to the biochemical selectivity for PI3Kß/γ/δ, respectively. Moreover, compound 8 effectively suppressed the viability of B16, HCT116, MCF-7, H22, PC-3, and A549 cells (IC50 values: 0.2 µM âˆ¼ 0.98 µM), and dramatically inhibited the proliferation and migration of NSCLC cells, as well as induced mitochondrial apoptosis through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Importantly, compound 8 demonstrated potent in vivo anti-tumor activity in non-small cell lung cancer mouse models without visible toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: This study presented a new avenue for the development of PI3Kα inhibitors and provided a solid foundation for novel QHIDs as potential future therapies for the treatment of NSCLC.

Armeniacae semen amarum: a review on its botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, clinical application, toxicology and pharmacokinetics.

Armeniacae semen amarum-seeds of Prunus armeniaca L. (Rosaceae) (ASA), also known as Kuxingren in Chinese, is a traditional Chinese herbal drug commonly used for lung disease and intestinal disorders. It has long been used to treat coughs and asthma, as well as to lubricate the colon and reduce constipation. ASA refers to the dried ripe seed of diverse species of Rosaceae and contains a variety of phytochemical components, including glycosides, organic acids, amino acids, flavonoids, terpenes, phytosterols, phenylpropanoids, and other components. Extensive data shows that ASA exhibits various pharmacological activities, such as anticancer activity, anti-oxidation, antimicrobial activity, anti-inflammation, protection of cardiovascular, neural, respiratory and digestive systems, antidiabetic effects, and protection of the liver and kidney, and other activities. In clinical practice, ASA can be used as a single drug or in combination with other traditional Chinese medicines, forming ASA-containing formulas, to treat various afflictions. However, it is important to consider the potential adverse reactions and pharmacokinetic properties of ASA during its clinical use. Overall, with various bioactive components, diversified pharmacological actions and potent efficacies, ASA is a promising drug that merits in-depth study on its functional mechanisms to facilitate its clinical application.

In Situ Fabrication of SnO2 Nanowalls for Robust Acetylene Sensing at Low Temperature.

Acetylene (C2 H2 ) monitoring in real time and online is essential for erasing transformer risks and guaranteeing normal equipment operation and operator safety. This study examines the direct fabrication of ultrathin SnO2 nanowalls on Ag-Pd substrates using a simple solvothermal method that doesn't demand the use of any additional motivators or templates. The thickness and shape of the nanowalls can be controlled by varying the cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) concentration in the solvent. As observed, the gas sensor (SnO2 -3) fabricated by 2.4 g CTAB exhibits superior gas-sensing features. This is primarily due to the hollow structure constructed by the arrangement of nanowalls, which delivers not only enough gas diffusion pathways but also enough reaction sites during the gas sensing processes. The findings suggest that low-cost SnO2 nanowalls created using a straightforward procedure could be taken into consideration as prospective candidates for use in industrial C2 H2 sensing applications.

Research progress on the mechanism of astragaloside IV in the treatment of asthma.

Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease, and its treatment is a core problem and challenge in clinical practice. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the first-line therapy for the treatment of asthma. Local and systemic adverse reactions caused by GCs create obstacles to the treatment of asthma. Therefore, the research target is to find a new, safe, and effective therapeutic medicine at present. Natural products are an important source for treating asthma with low cost and low toxicity. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is an active ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine Astragalus mongholicus Bunge. Previous studies have indicated that AS-IV plays a therapeutic role in the treatment of asthma by inhibiting airway inflammation and remodeling the airway, and by regulating immunity and neuroendocrine function (Fig. 1) . It has a variety of biological characteristics such as multi-target intervention, high safety, and good curative effect. This article reviews the specific mechanism of AS-IV for the treatment of asthma to provide references for subsequent research.

Curcumin as an antiviral agent and immune-inflammatory modulator in COVID-19: A scientometric analysis.

Background: Reports regarding the antiviral activity of curcumin have surfaced. However, to date there has been no scientometric analysis of the relationship between curcumin and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). To comprehensively understand the studies involving curcumin in the context of COVID-19, we conducted a scientometric analysis to provide an exhaustive review of these studies. Methods: We systematically searched the Web of Science core collection database for bibliographic data indexed from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2022, using keywords such as 'curcumin', 'COVID-19', and their synonyms. To clarify the research content and trends related to curcumin in COVID-19, we utilized VOSviewer, Origin 2023, and Charticulator for analysis, supplemented by external data. Results: The final count of publications included in this study was 252. These publications originated from 63 countries or territories, with India contributing the highest number of publications. They were published across 170 journals. Notably, the Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB) emerged as the most important institution that carried out this study. The most cited publication had been referenced 166 times. The main elements involved in the keyword analysis were reflected in the antiviral activity of curcumin and the immuno-inflammatory modulation of the inflammatory cytokine storm. Furthermore, the pharmacological mechanisms of curcumin for treating COVID-19 emerged as a prominent area of research. Simultaneously, there exists direct evidence of clinical usage of curcumin to enhance COVID-19 outcomes. Conclusions: The scientometric analysis underscores the burgeoning professional domain of curcumin-based treatment for COVID-19. Ongoing studies have focused on the antiviral activity of curcumin and its immunomodulatory effects on inflammatory cytokine storms. On the other hand, the pharmacological mechanism of curcumin in the treatment of COVID-19 is a hot spot in the research field at present, which may become the main research trend in this field in the future. While maintaining a focus on foundational research, the clinical application of curcumin in COVID-19 infection is developing in parallel, highlighting its obvious guiding value in clinical practice. These insights offer researchers a snapshot of the present state of curcumin treatment for COVID-19 and guide further mechanistic validation efforts in the future.

Qinhuo Shanggan oral solution resolves acute lung injury by down-regulating TLR4/NF-κB signaling cascade and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common condition, particularly in the COVID-19 pandemic, which is distinguished by sudden onset of respiratory insufficiency with tachypnea, oxygen-refractory cyanosis, reduced lung compliance and diffuse infiltration of pulmonary alveoli. It is well-established that increasing activity of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling axis and the NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation are associated with the pathogenesis of ALI. Since ALI poses a huge challenge to human health, it is urgent to tackle this affliction with therapeutic intervention. Qinhuo Shanggan oral solution (QHSG), a traditional Chinese herbal formula, is clinically used for effective medication of various lung diseases including ALI, with the action mechanism obscure. In the present study, with the rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI, QHSG was unveiled to ameliorate ALI by alleviating the pathological features, reversing the alteration in white blood cell profile and impeding the production of inflammatory cytokines through down-regulation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling cascade and inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 mouse macrophages, QHSG was discovered to hinder the generation of inflammatory cytokines by lessening TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway activity and weakening NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Taken together, QHSG may resolve acute lung injury, attributed to its anti-inflammation and immunoregulation by attenuation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling cascade and inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Our findings provide a novel insight into the action mechanism of QHSG and lay a mechanistic foundation for therapeutic intervention in acute lung injury with QHSG in clinical practice.

The disappearance of gastric metastasis and liver metastasis in non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma is due to osimertinib.

PURPOSE: Gastric metastasis of lung cancer is rare, and the cases of disappearance of gastric metastasis and liver metastasis caused by oxitinib treatment have not been reported. METHODS: A 47-year-old male patient with no history of diabetes, hypertension or smoking presented with chest discomfort after eating. At the time of consultation, the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the right lower lobe of the lung with liver and gastric metastasis was considered by pathological examination of biopsy of the fundus of the stomach near the cardia, pathological examination of CT-guided lung aspiration and pathological examination of liver occupancy aspiration, combined with immunohistochemical results. He was found to have exon 19 deletion in next generation sequencing. We performed osimertinib on him (EGFR-TKI) systemic therapy, followed by local radiation therapy to the right lower lung primary lesion. RESULTS: After systemic treatment with osimertinib and local radiotherapy of the primary site, the metastases disappeared and the primary site showed post-radiotherapy changes, and the evaluated efficacy was complete remission. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report to our knowledge of a patient who presented with gastric and hepatic metastases from lung cancer and achieved complete remission with osimertinib and local radiotherapy, with good quality of life, which also provides a basis for future clinical work and is of great significance.

Auricular Acupuncture as a Traditional Chinese Medicine Therapy for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Combined with Sleep Disorders.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a clinical syndrome characterized by persistent and irreversible airflow limitation and chronic respiratory symptoms. It has a wide spectrum of complications, and sleep disorders, as part of it, are common in severe cases, especially in elderly patients. Long-term lack of sleep may lead to the aggravation of the original disease, reducing patients' quality of life. Benzodiazepines are mainly used for symptomatic treatment of COPD combined with sleep disorders. However, such drugs have the side effect of respiratory central inhibition and could probably aggravate hypoxia symptoms. Auricular acupuncture is a special method of treating physical and psychosomatic dysfunctions by stimulating specific points in the ear. This article explains the specific methods of clinical operation of auricular acupuncture in detail, including assessment of patient eligibility, medical devices used, acupuncture points, course of treatment, post-treatment care, responses to emergencies, etc. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment scale (CAT) were used as the observational index of this method. So far, clinical reports have proved that auricular acupuncture has a definite curative effect in the treatment of COPD combined with sleep disorders, and its advantages of simple operation, few adverse reactions are worthy of further study and promotion, which provide a reference for the clinical treatment of such diseases.

Acupoint Application Combined with Acupoint Massage for Treating Constipation in a Patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common and frequent disease in elderly patients, with a tendency for progressive exacerbation. Constipation that reduces the quality of life and triggers the risk of diseases is a common concomitant symptom in patients with COPD. Currently, western medical treatment does not achieve the desired results for patients. A high recurrence rate accompanies it, whereas traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history and rich experience in treating chronic diseases. Both acupoint application and acupoint massage are characteristic therapies of TCM, with minor side effects, high safety, simple operation, and outstanding advantages. They are effective in treating constipation for patients with COPD and are considered an ideal alternative therapy for patients with chronic constipation. The purpose of this article is to introduce the method of acupoint application combined with acupoint massage for the treatment of constipation in patients with COPD, including the selection of points, items, treatment time, and operation procedure.

Traditional Chinese medicine monomers: Targeting pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells proliferation to treat pulmonary hypertension.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a complex multifactorial disease characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary vascular remodeling (PVR), with high morbidity, disability, and mortality. The abnormal proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is the main pathological change causing PVR. At present, clinical treatment drugs for PH are limited, which can only improve symptoms and reduce hospitalization but cannot delay disease progression and reduce survival rate. In recent years, numerous studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine monomers (TCMs) inhibit excessive proliferation of PASMCs resulting in alleviating PVR through multiple channels and multiple targets, which has attracted more and more attention in the treatment of PH. In this paper, the experimental evidence of inhibiting PASMCs proliferation by TCMs was summarized to provide some directions for the future development of these mentioned TCMs as anti-PH drugs in clinical.

Radical oxygen species: an important breakthrough point for botanical drugs to regulate oxidative stress and treat the disorder of glycolipid metabolism.

Background: The incidence of glycolipid metabolic diseases is extremely high worldwide, which greatly hinders people's life expectancy and patients' quality of life. Oxidative stress (OS) aggravates the development of diseases in glycolipid metabolism. Radical oxygen species (ROS) is a key factor in the signal transduction of OS, which can regulate cell apoptosis and contribute to inflammation. Currently, chemotherapies are the main method to treat disorders of glycolipid metabolism, but this can lead to drug resistance and damage to normal organs. Botanical drugs are an important source of new drugs. They are widely found in nature with availability, high practicality, and low cost. There is increasing evidence that herbal medicine has definite therapeutic effects on glycolipid metabolic diseases. Objective: This study aims to provide a valuable method for the treatment of glycolipid metabolic diseases with botanical drugs from the perspective of ROS regulation by botanical drugs and to further promote the development of effective drugs for the clinical treatment of glycolipid metabolic diseases. Methods: Using herb*, plant medicine, Chinese herbal medicine, phytochemicals, natural medicine, phytomedicine, plant extract, botanical drug, ROS, oxygen free radicals, oxygen radical, oxidizing agent, glucose and lipid metabolism, saccharometabolism, glycometabolism, lipid metabolism, blood glucose, lipoprotein, triglyceride, fatty liver, atherosclerosis, obesity, diabetes, dysglycemia, NAFLD, and DM as keywords or subject terms, relevant literature was retrieved from Web of Science and PubMed databases from 2013 to 2022 and was summarized. Results: Botanical drugs can regulate ROS by regulating mitochondrial function, endoplasmic reticulum, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT), erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and other signaling pathways to improve OS and treat glucolipid metabolic diseases. Conclusion: The regulation of ROS by botanical drugs is multi-mechanism and multifaceted. Both cell studies and animal experiments have demonstrated the effectiveness of botanical drugs in the treatment of glycolipid metabolic diseases by regulating ROS. However, studies on safety need to be further improved, and more studies are needed to support the clinical application of botanical drugs.

Exosomes in liver fibrosis: The role of modulating hepatic stellate cells and immune cells, and prospects for clinical applications.

Liver fibrosis is a global health problem caused by chronic liver injury resulting from various factors. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) have been found to play a major role in liver fibrosis, and pathological stimuli lead to their transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts. Complex multidirectional interactions between HSCs, immune cells, and cytokines are also critical for the progression of liver fibrosis. Despite the advances in treatments for liver fibrosis, they do not meet the current medical needs. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles of 30-150 nm in diameter and are capable of intercellular transport of molecules such as lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. As an essential mediator of intercellular communication, exosomes are involved in the physiological and pathological processes of many diseases. In liver fibrosis, exosomes are involved in the pathogenesis mainly by regulating the activation of HSCs and the interaction between HSCs and immune cells. Serum-derived exosomes are promising biomarkers of liver fibrosis. Exosomes also have promising therapeutic potential in liver fibrosis. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells and other cells exhibit anti-liver fibrosis effects. Moreover, exosomes may serve as potential therapeutic targets for liver fibrosis and hold promise in becoming drug carriers for liver fibrosis treatment.

Template Based Synthesis of Porous Graphdiyne Nanosheet for Reversible and Fast NO2 Detection by UV Irradiation.

Two-dimensional graphdiyne (GDY) formed by sp and sp2 hybridized carbon has been found to be an efficient toxic gas sensing material by density functional theory (DFT). However, little experimental research concerning its gas sensing capability has been reported owing to the complex preparation process and harsh experimental conditions. Herein, porous GDY nanosheets are successfully synthesized through a facile solvothermal synthesis technique by using CuO microspheres (MSs) as both template and source of catalyst. The porous GDY nanosheets exhibit a broadband optical absorption, rendering it suitable for the light-driven optoelectronic gas sensing applications. The GDY-based gas sensor was demonstrated to have excellent reversible to NO2 behaviors at 25 °C for the first time. More importantly, higher response value and faster response-recovery time once exposed to NO2 gas molecules are achieved by the illumination of UV light. In this way, our work paves the way for the exploration of GDY-based gas detection experimentally.

Neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in locally advanced stage II-III gastric cancer: A single-centre retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: PD-1 blockade has been shown to have promising efficacy and acceptable safety profiles in advanced and metastatic gastric cancer; however, the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade-based immunotherapy plus chemotherapy in locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) remain uncertain. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of patients with LAGC who received neoadjuvant treatment followed by D2 radical resection at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from 2019 to 2021. The primary aim was to investigate the difference in pathological response rates between neoadjuvant PD-1 immunotherapy plus chemotherapy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone. Multivariable models for pathological complete response (pCR) were constructed to investigate the factors that facilitate pCR. TRIAL REGISTRATION: QYFYWZLL27406. RESULTS: A total of 77 patients were included in the analysis, among whom 34 (44.2%) received neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade immunotherapy plus chemotherapy. A higher pCR rate was observed in the neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade immunotherapy plus chemotherapy group (8 of 34, 23.5% vs. 2 of 43, 4.7%, P=0.019). Multivariate logistic regression analysis of pCR revealed neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade plus chemotherapy regimen promoted pCR (OR 12.95, P=0.016). Regarding safety, 76.5% (26 of 34) of patients in the PD-1 blockade plus chemotherapy group and 76.7% (33 of 43) of patients in the chemotherapy group experienced treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs), and grade 3 or worse adverse events were 29.4% (10 of 34) and 34.9% (15 of 43), respectively. CONCLUSION: Neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade plus chemotherapy induced a higher pCR rate than neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and the combined therapy was tolerable in LAGC patients.

Spherical pneumonia caused by Ralstonia mannitolilytica: a case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Spherical pneumonia is an extremely rare condition that is difficult to diagnose. It is a specific type of lung infection that often manifests as a round or round-like mass on chest imaging. Spherical pneumonia is easily misdiagnosed as a pulmonary tumor; therefore, awareness of this disease must be strengthened. CASE PRESENTATION: The patient was a 29-year-old female who had persistent cough and sputum for approximately 1 month and fever for 5 days. Chest computed tomography (CT) at our hospital revealed a mass in the lower lobe of the right lung near the hilar region, with obstructive pulmonary atelectasis and obstructive pneumonia. Although lung cancer was suspected, Ralstonia mannitolilytica was detected by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and no cancer cells or Mycobacterium tuberculosis were detected. Finally, the patient was diagnosed with spherical pneumonia caused by R. mannitolilytica. Anti-infective treatment, symptomatic treatment, and administration of a traditional Chinese medicine decoction were performed based on the syndrome differentiation. After 10 days of treatment, chest CT revealed few lesions in the lower lobe of the right lung, which were significantly reduced compared with those in the past. CONCLUSIONS: Spherical pneumonia caused by R. mannitolilytica has not yet been reported and differential diagnosis is key in clinical diagnosis. When spherical pneumonia is difficult to diagnose, mNGS may be a better alternative.