An Anchored Fe-Cu LDH onto a Polyvinylidene Fluoride Membrane with Strong Peroxymonosulfate Activation-Induced Degradation of Methylene Blue and Self-Cleaning Property of Oil/Water Separation.

Developing a strong catalytic antifouling membrane to achieve efficient sewage purification has great potential for alleviating water crisis. In this work, we designed and prepared an Fe/Cu-layered double hydroxide (Fe-Cu LDH)-coated polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite membrane (PVDF/Fe-Cu LDHs) with strong antifouling and activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) catalytic degradation performance through polydopamine-coordination anchoring and hydrothermal reaction. The results showed that abundant hydroxyl groups of the LDH surface endowed the superhydrophilicity (water contact angle <10°) and underwater superoleophobicity (underwater-oil contact angle >150°) of the membrane surface, which displayed outstanding resistance to crude oil adhesion. With assistance of the LDH surface-bound sulfate radical of the peroxymonosulfate system, the PVDF/Fe-Cu LDH membrane demonstrated robust catalytic degradation performance for the methylene blue (MB) in the dark; the degradation rate constant (k, min-1) reached 0.96. Meanwhile, facing the oily wastewater, the selective wettability and charge effect of LDH of the surface made the PVDF/Fe-Cu LDH membrane realize the separation for the various surfactant-free and surfactant-stabilized emulsions. Importantly, the PMS-activation catalytic produced the ROS (•SO4-,•OH, •O2-, and 1O2), which enhanced the regeneration of the fouled PVDF/Fe-Cu LDH membrane and obtained a high flux recovery ratio in the dark (94.7%) after 10 cycles of separation experiments. Hence, we believed that the PVDF/Fe-Cu LDH membrane can provide inspiration for the development and further practical application of antifouling membranes.

Increased m6A RNA methylation and METTL3 expression may contribute to the synovitis progression of rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by synovial hyperplasia and progressive bone destruction. The tumor-like growth of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of RA. The N6 methyladenine (m6A) mRNA methylation modification, regulated by methyltransferases (METTL3) and demethylation enzymes, is a novel epigenetic regulator in the development of RA. However, there is limited research on m6A methylation modifications in RA synovitis and a lack of mechanistic studies on their impact on the function of RA-FLSs. METHODS: This study utilized clinical synovial tissue specimens and FLSs as research subjects. The m6A methylation level and the expression of methyltransferases and demethylation enzymes were detected. RNA interference and gene overexpression methods were employed to investigate the mechanism of METTL3 in RA-FLSs. The study also examined the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and cytokine levels of RA-FLSs, as well as the expression of METTL3 in RA animal models. RESULTS: In this study, we found that m6A methylation levels were elevated in synovial tissues and FLSs of RA patients. Immunohistochemical staining showed that METTL3 and METTL14 levels were up-regulated in synovial tissues of RA, the mRNA levels of METTL3, METTL14, WTAP, FTO, and ALKBH5 were significantly higher in synovial tissues and FLSs of RA patients. Overexpression of METTL3 could promote the proliferation, migration, and secretion of IL-6, RANKL of RA-FLSs; inhibition of METTL3 expression could inhibit the abnormal proliferation, migration, invasion, and secretion of IL-6, RANKL, at the same time promoted the apoptosis and secretion of OPG, thus inhibited RA-FLSs tumor-like growth. In CIA mice, the use of MTX and STM2457 reduced METTL3 expression, synovial hyperplasia and bone destruction. CONCLUSION: Abnormal modification of m6A methylation exists in synovial tissues and FLSs of RA patients, and inhibition of METTL3 can reduce synovitis and bone destruction. Our findings suggest that m6A methylation might control FLS-mediated tumor-like phenotype, and be a novel target for RA treatment.

A Patient-Prioritized Research Agenda for Clinical Trials in Kidney Stone Disease.

PURPOSE: To ensure that research on kidney stones provides meaningful impact for the kidney stone community, patients and caregivers should be engaged as stakeholders in clinical trial design, starting at study inception. This project aimed to elicit, refine, and prioritize research ideas from kidney stone stakeholders to develop a patient-centered research agenda for clinical trials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Kidney Stone Engagement Core, a group of patients, caregivers, advocates, clinicians, and researchers, executed an iterative process of surveys and focus groups to elicit and refine research themes, which were then translated into research questions. A separate group of patients, caregivers, and clinicians prioritized these questions through parallel modified Delphi and crowd-sourced digital platforms. A research agenda was developed by the Kidney Stone Engagement Core based on the highest rated questions during a hybrid virtual/in-person capstone session. RESULTS: A total of 70 individuals (57 patients and caregivers, 13 researchers and clinicians) participated in the elicitation, 20 individuals (15 patients and caregivers, 5 researchers and clinicians) participated in refinement, and an additional 80 individuals (81 patients and caregivers, 9 researchers and clinicians) participated in prioritization. Key novel themes emerged from elicitation and refinement: ureteral stents, genetic evaluation, shared surgical decision-making, key subgroups, cumulative disease burden, genetic evaluation, and psychosocial support. Stakeholders generated 6 proposed trials from these themes focused on surveillance, surgical intervention, and medical prevention. CONCLUSIONS: Patients and caregivers valued comparative effectiveness kidney stone research that focused on individualized care, shared decision-making, and improvement of patient-reported experiences. This process provided actionable recommendations for future patient-centered clinical trials within kidney stone disease.

ACE2 deficiency inhibits thoracic aortic dissection by enhancing SIRT3 mediated inhibition of inflammation and VSCMs phenotypic switch.

BACKGROUND: Thoracic aortic dissection (TAD) is an irreversible cardiovascular disorder with high mortality and morbidity. However, the molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Thus, identifying an effective therapeutic target to prevent TAD is especially critical. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the potential mechanism of inflammation and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMCs) phenotypic switch in ß-aminopropionitrile fumarate (BAPN)-induced TAD. METHODS: A mouse model of TAD induced by BAPN and IL-1ß -stimulated HVSMCs in vivo and in vitro models, respectively. ACE2 Knockdown mice treated with BAPN or without, and the TAD mouse model was treated with or without AAV-ACE2. Transthoracic ultrasound was conducted for assessment the maximum internal diameter of the thoracic aorta arch. RNA sequencing analysis was performed to recapitulate transcriptome profile changes. Western blot were used to detect the expression of MMP2, MMP9, ACE2, SIRT3, OPN, SM22α and other inflammatory markers. The circulating levels of ACE2 was measured by ELISA assay. Histological changes of thoracic aorta tissues were assessed by H&E, EVG and IHC analysis. RESULTS: We found that circulating levels of and the protein levels of ACE2 were increased in the TAD mouse model and in patients with TAD. For further evidence, ACE2 deficiency decelerated the formation of TAD. However, overexpression of ACE2 aggravated BAPN-induced aortic injury and VSMCs phenotypic switch via lowered SIRT3 expression and elevated inflammatory cytokine expression. CONCLUSION: ACE2 deficiency prevented the development of TAD by inhibiting inflammation and VSMCs phenotypic switch in a SIRT3-dependent manner, suggesting that the ACE2/SIRT3 signaling pathway played a pivotal role in the pathological process of TAD and might be a potential therapeutical target.

GDF15 attenuates sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction by inhibiting cardiomyocytes ferroptosis via the SOCS1/GPX4 signaling pathway.

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome triggered by infection, presenting with symptoms such as fever, increased heart rate, and low blood pressure. In severe cases, it can lead to multiple organ dysfunction, posing a life-threatening risk. Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC) is a critical factor in the poor prognosis of septic patients, leading to myocardial dysfunction characterized by cell death, inflammation, and diminished cardiac function. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death, is a key mechanism causing cardiomyocyte damage in SIC. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a member of the TGF-ß superfamily, is associated with various cardiovascular diseases and can inhibit oxidative stress, reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS), and suppress ferroptosis. Elevated serum GDF15 levels in sepsis are correlated with organ injuries, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target. However, its role and mechanisms in SIC remain unclear. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), the only enzyme capable of reducing lipid peroxides within cells, protects cells by reducing lipid peroxidation levels and inhibiting ferroptosis. Investigating the regulatory factors of GPX4 may provide a theoretical basis for SIC treatment. In this study, a mouse SIC model revealed that elevated GDF15 exerts a protective effect. Antagonizing GDF15 exacerbates myocardial damage. Through transcriptomic analysis and other methods, we confirmed that GDF15 inhibits the expression of SOCS1 by activating the ALK5-SMAD2/3 pathway, thereby activates the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, promotes the transcription of GPX4, inhibits ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes, and plays a myocardial protective role in SIC.

Role of hsa_circ_0007482 in pterygium development: insights into proliferation, apoptosis, and clinical correlations.

AIM: To investigate the impact of hsa_circ_0007482 on the proliferation and apoptosis of human pterygium fibroblasts (HPFs) and its correlation with the severity grades of pterygium. METHODS: Pterygium and normal conjunctival tissues were collected from the superior area of the same patient's eye (n=33). The correlation between pterygium severity and hsa_circ_0007482 expression using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were analyzed. Three distinct siRNA sequences targeting hsa_circ_0007482, along with a negative control sequence, were transfected into HPFs. Cell proliferation was assessed using the cell counting kit-8. Expression levels of Ki67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Cyclin D1, Bax, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and Caspase-3 were measured via RT-qPCR. Immunofluorescence staining was employed to detect Ki67 and vimentin expressions. Apoptosis was evaluated using flow cytometry. RESULTS: Hsa_circ_0007482 expression was significantly higher in pterygium tissues compared to normal conjunctival tissues (P<0.001). Positive correlations were observed between hsa_circ_0007482 expression and pterygium severity, thickness, and vascular density. Knockdown of hsa_circ_0007482 inhibited cell proliferation, reducing the mRNA expression of Ki67, PCNA, and Cyclin D1 in HPFs. Hsa_circ_0007482 knockdown induced apoptosis, increasing mRNA expression levels of Bax and Caspase-3, while decreasing Bcl-2 expression in HPFs. Additionally, hsa_circ_0007482 knockdown attenuated vimentin expression in HPFs. CONCLUSION: The downregulation of hsa_circ_0007482 effectively hampers cell proliferation and triggers apoptosis in HPFs. There are discernible positive correlations detected between the expression of hsa_circ_0007482 and the severity of pterygium.

An acid-tolerant Clostridium sp. BLY-1 strain with high biohydrogen production rate.

Screening and isolating acid-tolerant bacteria capable of efficient hydrogen production can mitigate the inhibitory effects on microbial activity caused by rapid pH drops during fermentation. In this study, we isolated an acid-tolerant and highly efficient hydrogen-producing bacterium, named Clostridium sp. BLY-1, from acidic soil. Compared to the model strain Clostridium pasteurianum DSM 525, BLY-1 demonstrates a faster growth rate and superior hydrogen production capabilities. At an initial pH of 4.0, BLY-1's hydrogen production is 7.5 times greater than that of DSM 525, and under optimal conditions (pH=5.0), BLY-1's hydrogen production rate is 42.13% higher than DSM 525. Genomic analysis revealed that BLY-1 possesses a complete CiaRH two-component system and several stress-resistance components absent in DSM 525, which enhance its growth and hydrogen production in acidic environments. These findings provide a novel avenue for boosting the hydrogen production capabilities of Clostridium strains, offering new resources for advancing the green hydrogen industry.

Application of artificial intelligence in rheumatic disease: a bibliometric analysis.

The utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) in rheumatic diseases has enhanced the diagnostic accuracy of rheumatic diseases, enabled the prediction of patient outcomes, expanded treatment options, and facilitated the provision of individualized medical solutions. The research in this field has been progressively growing in recent years. Consequently, there is a need for bibliometric analysis to elucidate the current state of advancement and predominant research foci in AI applications within rheumatic diseases. Additionally, it is crucial to identify key contributors and their interrelations in this field. This study aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis to investigate the current research hotspots and collaborative networks in the application of AI in rheumatic disease in recent years. A comprehensive search was conducted in Web of Science for articles on artificial intelligence in rheumatic diseases, published in SSCI and SCI-EXPANDED until January 1, 2024. Utilizing software tools like VOSviewers and CiteSpace, we analyzed various parameters including publication year, journal, country, institution, and authorship. This analysis extended to examining cited authors, generating reference and citation network graphs, and creating co-citation network and keyword maps. Additionally, research hotspots and trends in this domain were evaluated. As of January 1, 2024, a total of 3508 articles have been published on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in rheumatic disease, exhibiting a steady rise in both the annual publication frequency and rate. "Scientific Reports" emerged as the leading journal in terms of relevant publications. The United States stood out as the predominant country in terms of the volume of published papers, with the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) being the most prolific and frequently cited institution. Among authors, Young Ho Lee and Valentina Pedoia were noted for their significant contributions, with Pedoia achieving the highest average citation count per publication. Machine learning emerged as a prominent and central keyword. The trend indicates a growing interest in AI research within rheumatologic diseases, with its role expected to become increasingly pivotal in the field. This study presents a comprehensive summary of research trends and developments in the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in rheumatic diseases. It offers insights into potential collaborations and prospects for future research, clarifying the research frontiers and emerging directions in recent years. The findings of this study serve as a valuable reference for scholars studying rheumatology and immunology.

Investigating the value of urinary biomarkers in relation to lupus nephritis histopathology: present insights and future prospects.

Lupus nephritis (LN), a leading cause of death in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) patients, presents significant diagnostic and prognostic challenges. Although renal pathology offers critical insights regarding the diagnosis, classification, and therapy for LN, its clinical utility is constrained by the invasive nature and limited reproducibility of renal biopsies. Moreover, the continuous monitoring of renal pathological changes through repeated biopsies is impractical. Consequently, there is a growing interest in exploring urine as a non-invasive, easily accessible, and dynamic "liquid biopsy" alternative to guide clinical management. This paper examines novel urinary biomarkers from a renal pathology perspective, encompassing cellular components, cytokines, adhesion molecules, auto-antibodies, soluble leukocyte markers, light chain fragments, proteins, small-molecule peptides, metabolomics, urinary exosomes, and ribonucleic acids. We also discuss the application of combined models comprising multiple biomarkers in assessing lupus activity. These innovative biomarkers and models offer insights into LN disease activity, acute and chronic renal indices, fibrosis, thrombotic microangiopathy, podocyte injury, and other pathological changes, potentially improving the diagnosis, management, and prognosis of LN. These urinary biomarkers or combined models may serve as viable alternatives to traditional renal pathology, potentially revolutionizing the method for future LN diagnosis and observation.

Research progress of T cell autophagy in autoimmune diseases.

T cells, as a major lymphocyte population involved in the adaptive immune response, play an important immunomodulatory role in the early stages of autoimmune diseases. Autophagy is a cellular catabolism mediated by lysosomes. Autophagy maintains cell homeostasis by recycling degraded cytoplasmic components and damaged organelles. Autophagy has a protective effect on cells and plays an important role in regulating T cell development, activation, proliferation and differentiation. Autophagy mediates the participation of T cells in the acquired immune response and plays a key role in antigen processing as well as in the maintenance of T cell homeostasis. In autoimmune diseases, dysregulated autophagy of T cells largely influences the pathological changes. Therefore, it is of great significance to study how T cells play a role in the immune mechanism of autoimmune diseases through autophagy pathway to guide the clinical treatment of diseases.

Progress in the field of animal models of antiphospholipid syndrome.

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by recurrent arteriovenous thrombosis and pathological pregnancy, accompanied by persistent antiphospholipid antibodies, (aPL). The incidence of APS is increasing year by year, clinicians lack of understanding of this type of disease, easy to misdiagnose and miss the diagnosis. Therefore, it is extremely important to establish a suitable animal model to reduce the process of disease development as much as possible and improve clinicians' understanding and understanding. This review will summarize the animal models of APS from the aspects of modeling methods, modeling mechanism, evaluation indicators and advantages and disadvantages of methods, providing a reference for finding an animal model highly similar to human APS, helping researchers to further clarify the pathogenesis of APS and find potential therapeutic targets, so as to achieve early diagnosis, early intervention, and ultimately improve the prognosis of patients.

Magneto-Controlled Tubular Liquid Actuators with Pore Engineering for Liquid Transport and Regulation.

Liquid manipulation using tubular actuators finds diverse applications ranging from microfluidics, printing, liquid transfer to micro-reactors. Achieving flexible and simple regulation of manipulated liquid droplets during transport is crucial for the tubular liquid actuators to perform complex and multiple functions, yet it remains challenging. Here, a facile tubular actuator for directional transport of various liquid droplets under the control of an externally applied magnetic field is presented. The surfaces of the actuator can be engineered with submillimeter-sized through-hole pores, which enables the liquid droplet to be easily modulated in the transport process. Furthermore, the liquid actuator with featured through-hole pores is expanded to function as a switch in an integrated external electric circuit by magnetically controlling the motion of a conductive liquid droplet. This work develops a strategy for regulating liquid droplets in the tubular actuation systems, which may inspire ideas for designing functional liquid actuators with potential applications in microfluidics, microchemical reaction, liquid switch, and liquid robotics.

Effectiveness of Dry Cleaning Treatments for Removing Milk Chocolate from Valve/Pipe Assemblies and Pilot-scale Chocolate Processing Equipment.

Dark chocolate produced on equipment used to manufacture milk chocolate can contain milk due to cross-contact. This study evaluated the use of dry cleaning methods for removing milk chocolate residue from a butterfly or ball valve attached to a stainless steel pipe and from pilot-scale equipment used in chocolate manufacture. Milk-free dark chocolate (40 °C) was pumped through a milk chocolate-contaminated valve/pipe assembly after no cleaning, use of a pig purging treatment, or a 40 °C cocoa butter flush. Dark chocolate samples were collected at 7-sec intervals. Treatments investigated for the removal of residual milk chocolate from a conche and a ball mill included no cleaning, a 40 °C cocoa butter rinse, and wet cleaning. After cleaning, three batches of dark chocolate (40 °C) were processed in the ball mill and conche, and each batch was collected. Milk chocolate was processed on a 3-roll refiner, followed by push-through with dark chocolate (∼9 kg) with 0.3 kg samples collected at 5-min intervals. Dark chocolate samples were analyzed for milk concentrations by ELISA. Trials and analyses were completed in triplicate. Dark chocolate push-through alone resulted in milk concentrations ≥4,500 µg/g in samples obtained from the contaminated valve/pipe combinations within the first few seconds of collection, and ≥16.2 kg of dark chocolate was needed to obtain milk concentrations below the ELISA LOQ (2.5 µg/g). A pig purging treatment of the ball valve/pipe assembly resulted in milk concentrations below the ELISA LOQ. A cocoa butter flush of the butterfly valve/pipe decreased initial milk concentrations, but milk was detected until ≥18.7 kg dark chocolate purge. Milk concentrations in first batches of dark chocolate processed in a ball mill and conche without cleaning were ≥17,000 µg/g while the use of a cocoa butter rinse reduced milk levels in dark chocolate by ≥89%. Some dry cleaning treatments were effective at reducing levels of milk in dark chocolate due to cross-contact.

Observation of polarity changes in Sjogren's syndrome mice using a targeting lysosomes and ratiometric fluorescent probe.

Utilizing non-invasive, real-time dynamic imaging and high-resolution detection tools to track polarity changes in Sjögren's syndrome (SS) contributes to a better understanding of the disease progression. Herein, a ratiometric polarity-sensitive fluorescent probe (DIM) was designed and synthesized, DIM consisted of dicyanoisophorone as the fluorophore and morpholine moiety as lysosome targeting. DIM showed a ratiometric response to polarity and high selectivity (unaffected by viscosity, pH, ROS, RNS, etc.), offering a more accurate analysis of intracellular polarity through a built-in internal reference calibration. The polarity abnormality of submandibular glands in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice was revealed and verified by in vivo ratiometric fluorescence imaging of DIM, suggesting that fluorescent probe have great potential in the diagnosis of salivary gland abnormalities.

A large-scale CRISPR screen reveals context-specific genetic regulation of retinal ganglion cell regeneration.

Many genes are known to regulate retinal regeneration after widespread tissue damage. Conversely, genes controlling regeneration after limited cell loss, as per degenerative diseases, are undefined. As stem/progenitor cell responses scale to injury levels, understanding how the extent and specificity of cell loss impact regenerative processes is important. Here, transgenic zebrafish enabling selective retinal ganglion cell (RGC) ablation were used to identify genes that regulate RGC regeneration. A single cell multiomics-informed screen of 100 genes identified seven knockouts that inhibited and 11 that promoted RGC regeneration. Surprisingly, 35 out of 36 genes known and/or implicated as being required for regeneration after widespread retinal damage were not required for RGC regeneration. The loss of seven even enhanced regeneration kinetics, including the proneural factors neurog1, olig2 and ascl1a. Mechanistic analyses revealed that ascl1a disruption increased the propensity of progenitor cells to produce RGCs, i.e. increased 'fate bias'. These data demonstrate plasticity in the mechanism through which Müller glia convert to a stem-like state and context specificity in how genes function during regeneration. Increased understanding of how the regeneration of disease-relevant cell types is specifically controlled will support the development of disease-tailored regenerative therapeutics.

Bibliometric and visualization analysis of the application of inorganic nanomaterials to autoimmune diseases.

Objective: To conduct bibliometric analysis of the application of inorganic nanomaterials to autoimmune diseases to characterize current research trends and to visualize past and emerging trends in this field in the past 15 years. Methods: The evolution and thematic trends of the application of inorganic nanomaterials to autoimmune diseases from January 1, 1985, to March 15, 2024, were analyzed by bibliometric analysis of data retrieved and extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. A total of 734 relevant reports in the literature were evaluated according to specific characteristics such as year of publication, journal, institution, country/region, references, and keywords. VOSviewer was used to build co-authorship analysis, co-occurrence analysis, co-citation analysis, and network visualization. Some important subtopics identified by bibliometric characterization are further discussed and reviewed. Result: From 2009 to 2024, annual publications worldwide increased from 11 to 95, an increase of 764%. ACS Nano published the most papers (14) with the most citations (1372). China (230 papers, 4922 citations) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (36 papers, 718 citations) are the most productive and influential country and institution, respectively. The first 100 keywords were co-clustered to form four clusters: (1) the application of inorganic nanomaterials in drug delivery, (2) the application of inorganic nano-biosensing to autoimmune diseases, (3) the use of inorganic nanomaterials for imaging applied to autoimmune diseases, and (4) the application of inorganic nanomaterials in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Combination therapy, microvesicles, photothermal therapy (PTT), targeting, diagnostics, transdermal, microneedling, silver nanoparticles, psoriasis, and inflammatory cytokines are the latest high-frequency keywords, marking the emerging frontier of inorganic nanomaterials in the field of autoimmune diseases. Sub-topics were further discussed to help researchers determine the scope of research topics and plan research directions. Conclusion: Over the past 39 years, the application of inorganic nanotechnology to the field of autoimmune diseases shows extensive cooperation between countries and institutions, showing a continuous increase in the number of reports in the literature, and has clinical translation prospects. Future research should further improve the safety of inorganic nanomaterials, clarify the mechanism of action of nanomaterials, establish a standardized nanomaterial preparation and performance evaluation system, and ultimately achieve the goal of early detection and precise treatment of autoimmune diseases.

High-performance colorimetric sensor based on PtRu bimetallic nanozyme for xanthine analysis.

The identification and quantification of xanthine are crucial for assessing the freshness and quality of food products, particularly in the seafood industry. Herein, a new approach was developed, involving the in-situ controllable growth of Pt91Ru9 nanoparticles on graphitic carbon nitride to yield Pt91Ru9@C3N4 catalytic materials. By integrating Pt91Ru9@C3N4 with the xanthine/xanthine oxidase (XOD) enzyme catalytic system, a nanozyme-enzyme tandem platform was obtained for the quantification analysis of xanthine. Under the catalytic oxidation of xanthine by XOD in the presence O2, H2O2 was generated. Upon the addition of peroxidase-like activity of Pt91Ru9@C3N4, H2O2 can be decomposed into •OH and 1O2, which can further catalyze the oxidation of TMB to its oxidation product oxTMB with an absorption peak at 652 nm. This smartphone-assisted portable colorimetric sensor for visual monitoring xanthine with a low detection limit of 8.92 nmol L-1, and successfully applied to detect xanthine in grass carp and serum samples.

Evaluation of oxaliplatin and tigio combination therapy in locally advanced gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND: Locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) is a common malignant tumor. In recent years, neoadjuvant chemotherapy has gradually become popular for the treatment of LAGC. AIM: To investigate the efficacy of oxaliplatin combined with a tigio neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen vs a conventional chemotherapy regimen for LAGC. METHODS: Ninety patients with LAGC were selected and randomly divided into control and study groups with 45 patients in each group, according to the numerical table method. The control group was treated with conventional chemotherapy, and the study group was treated with oxaliplatin combined with tigio-neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The primary outcome measures were the clinical objective response rate (ORR) and surgical resection rate (SRR), whereas the secondary outcome measures were safety and Karnofsky Performance Status score. RESULTS: The ORR in the study group was 80.00%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (57.78%). In the study group, SRR was 75.56%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (57.78%). There were 15.56% adverse reactions in the study group and 35.56% in the control group. These differences were statistically significant between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The combination of oxaliplatin and tigio before surgery as neoadjuvant chemotherapy for patients with LAGC can effectively improve the ORR and SRR and is safe.

Multimodal Assessment and Intramodal Comparison of Imaging Techniques for Pediatric Pulmonary Vein Stenosis with Pulmonary Hypertension.

Pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) is a rare, serious, and progressive disease in the pediatric population. Evaluation is complex and involves multimodality imaging. Diagnosis is important as early treatment to prevent progressive pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular dysfunction is essential. Adult studies have shown good correlation between various imaging modalities; however, there are limited data in children. This is a single-center retrospective pilot study to determine the reliability of measurement of pulmonary vein stenosis and pulmonary hypertension across different imaging modalities-computed tomography angiography (CTA), echocardiography (echo), lung perfusion scan (LPS), and cardiac catheterization (cath). PVS was defined as > 2 mmHg by echo and cath and/or 50% reduction in diameter by CTA. Patients had to have an echo, CTA and cath performed within a 1-month timeframe of one another to be included in the study, with LPS data included if testing was completed at initial evaluation. Fifteen total patients were enrolled; 87% were categorized as primary PVS; a condition not directly related to direct injury or prior surgical intervention. Twenty-seven total stenotic pulmonary veins were identified (mean 1.8, range 1-4). CTA had a slightly better agreement with cath than echo in identifying PVS in different vein locations except in the LLPV. Additionally, echo and CTA had excellent sensitivity (91%) and specificity (100%) compared to cath for diagnosis of PH. We conclude that non-invasive imaging of echo and CTA has an acceptable correlation to cardiac catheterization for screening and initial evaluation of PVS and PH, as directly related to PVS, in pediatrics.

Integrative transcriptomic profiling of ncRNAs and mRNAs in developing mouse lens.

In recent years, burgeoning research has underscored the pivotal role of non-coding RNA in orchestrating the growth, development, and pathogenesis of various diseases across organisms. However, despite these advances, our understanding of the specific contributions of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) to lens development remains notably limited. Clarifying the intricate gene regulatory networks is imperative for unraveling the molecular underpinnings of lens-related disorders. In this study, we aimed to address this gap by conducting a comprehensive analysis of the expression profiles of messenger RNAs (mRNAs), lncRNAs, and circRNAs at critical developmental time points of the mouse lens, encompassing both embryonic (E10.5, E12.5, and E16.5) and postnatal stages (P0.5, P10.5, and P60). Leveraging RNA-sequencing technology, we identified key transcripts pivotal to lens development. Our analysis revealed differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs across various developmental stages. Particularly noteworthy, there were 1831 co-differentially expressed (CO-DE) mRNAs, 150 CO-DE lncRNAs, and 13 CO-DE circRNAs identified during embryonic stages. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis unveiled associations primarily related to lens development, DNA conformational changes, and angiogenesis among DE mRNAs and lncRNAs. Furthermore, employing protein-protein interaction networks, mRNA-lncRNA co-expression networks, and circRNA-microRNA-mRNA networks, we predicted candidate key molecules implicated in lens development. Our findings underscore the pivotal roles of lncRNAs and circRNAs in this process, offering fresh insights into the pathogenesis of lens-related disorders and paving the way for future exploration in this field.