Netrin-1 signaling pathway mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases.

Netrin-1 and its receptors play crucial roles in inducing axonal growth and neuronal migration during neuronal development. Their profound impacts then extend into adulthood to encompass the maintenance of neuronal survival and synaptic function. Increasing amounts of evidence highlight several key points: (1) Diminished Netrin-1 levels exacerbate pathological progression in animal models of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, and potentially, similar alterations occur in humans. (2) Genetic mutations of Netrin-1 receptors increase an individuals' susceptibility to neurodegenerative disorders. (3) Therapeutic approaches targeting Netrin-1 and its receptors offer the benefits of enhancing memory and motor function. (4) Netrin-1 and its receptors show genetic and epigenetic alterations in a variety of cancers. These findings provide compelling evidence that Netrin-1 and its receptors are crucial targets in neurodegenerative diseases. Through a comprehensive review of Netrin-1 signaling pathways, our objective is to uncover potential therapeutic avenues for neurodegenerative disorders.

Unveiling the suitable habitats and future conservation strategies of Tridacna maxima in the Indo-Pacific core area based on species distribution model.

Climate change is exerting unprecedented impacts on marine habitats, and many sessile invertebrate species, such as the endangered giant clam Tridacna maxima, are particularly sensitive to climate driven changes in their environment. Understanding its spatial distribution and conservation requirements is of crucial significance in formulating effective protection strategies. However, the species has been extensively harvested and depleted in many regions, leading to its listing as endangered species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). While marine protected areas (MPAs) are considered effective conservation tools, it remains uncertain whether existing MPAs adequately protect these vulnerable giant clams. To enhance the management and conservation of this species, we employed a Species Distribution Models (SDMs) approach, integrating occurrence records of T. maxima with environmental variables, to predict its potential distribution based on habitat suitability and capture spatiotemporal changes. Based on geographical and genetic variations, the T. maxima in the Indo-Pacific core region is primarily divided into two populations: the East Indian Ocean-South China Sea population (EIOS) and the West Pacific-Indonesia population (WPI). We first quantified realized niche to reveal significant differences in ecological niche space among different populations. Subsequently, SDMs were constructed at both species and population levels, demonstrating that population-level SDMs provide more reliable predictions of population distributions due to differential responses to climatic predictor variables. Finally, we conducted an assessment to identify conservation gaps for T. maxima beyond the existing MPAs and proposed recommendations for future establishment of MPAs within the current framework. Based on these findings, appropriate conservation policies have been proposed to effectively protect the habitat of different geographical populations of T. maxima. Additionally, spatiotemporal predictions of habitat suitability provide crucial information for developing adaptive management strategies for T. maxima in response to climate change, including designing new protected areas and adjusting the location and extent of existing protected areas based on their geographical distribution.

Incidence and risk factors of severe acute high-altitude illness in healthy adults first entering the northern Tibetan Plateau of over 5,000 m.

Background: Our study was designed to determine the incidence and risk factors of severe acute high-altitude illness (AHAI) in healthy adults first entering the northern Tibetan Plateau of over 5,000 m. Methods: In our prospective observational study, we enrolled 500 people who were scheduled for fast ascension to the northern Tibetan Plateau. The primary outcome variable was severe AHAI, defined as the presence of serious symptoms that could not be ameliorated by general treatment and required evacuation to lower altitudes. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a cohort of 383 healthy people was included in the statistical analysis. We calculated the incidence of severe AHAI, identified the risk factors, and the differences in the most severe symptoms experienced. Results: Sixty-eight people were diagnosed with severe AHAI, and the incidence was 17.8%. Compared to individuals without severe AHAI, those with severe AHAI were more likely to be over the age of 40 years, of Han Chinese nationality, and living at an altitude of <1,500 m. They were less likely to belong to the Yi nationality, had a lower altitude of permanent residence, and exhibited decreased levels of lymphocyte count and hemoglobin concentration. Multivariable logistic regression showed that the mean altitude of permanent residence [per kilometer, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.464; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.304-0.708; p < 0.001] and lymphocyte count (AOR = 0.606; 95% CI, 0.378-0.970; p = 0.037) were the independent risk factors. Headache and dyspnea ranked in the top two of the most severe symptoms for people with severe AHAI. Conclusion: Living at lower altitudes and having a decreased lymphocyte level were the risk factors of severe AHAI in healthy adults first entering the plateau of over 5,000 m.

Urolithin a Improves Motor Dysfunction Induced by Copper Exposure in SOD1G93A Transgenic Mice Via Activation of Mitophagy.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease pathologically characterized by selective degeneration of motor neurons resulting in a catastrophic loss of motor function. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of copper (Cu) exposure on progression of ALS and explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Urolithin A (UA) on ALS. 0.13 PPM copper chloride drinking water was administrated in SOD1G93A transgenic mice at 6 weeks, UA at a dosage of 50 mg/kg/day was given for 6 weeks after a 7-week Cu exposure. Motor ability was assessed before terminal anesthesia. Muscle atrophy and fibrosis, motor neurons, astrocytes and microglia in the spinal cord were evaluated by H&E, Masson, Sirius Red, Nissl and Immunohistochemistry Staining. Proteomics analysis, Western blotting and ELISA were conducted to detect protein expression. Mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured using an assay kit. Cu-exposure worsened motor function, promoted muscle fibrosis, loss of motor neurons, and astrocyte and microglial activation. It also induced abnormal changes in mitochondria-related biological processes, leading to a significant reduction in ATP levels and an increase in MDA levels. Upregulation of P62 and downregulation of Parkin, PINK1, and LAMP1 were revealed in SOD1G93A mice with Cu exposure. Administration of UA activated mitophagy, modulated mitochondria dysfunction, reduced neuroinflammation, and improved gastrocnemius muscle atrophy and motor dysfunction in SOD1G93A mice with Cu exposure. Mitophagy plays critical role in ALS exacerbated by Cu exposure. UA administration may be a promising treatment strategy for ALS.

Fulminant myocarditis caused by influenza B virus in a male child: a case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Influenza B virus induced myocarditis is a rare complication with potentially wide variations in severity and clinical presentation, and the pathogenesis is unclear. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe a rare case of a 7-year-old boy who developed fulminant myocarditis (FM) due to influenza B virus infection. Treatment measures included mechanical ventilation, vasoactive agents, Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT), anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anti-infection, and enteral nutrition support. After 10 days of treatment, the patient succumbed to multiorgan failure. CONCLUSIONS: After a systematic review of the literature, we found that this disease predominantly affects females, with pediatric cases exceedingly rare. Fulminant myocarditis (FM) progresses rapidly, poses significant treatment challenges sporadic, and carries a poor prognosis. Interestingly, literature reports suggest that anti-thymocyte globulin therapy may have a positive impact in treating FM, potentially offering new insights into its pathogenesis and clinical management.

Development and validation of a rating scale for barriers to and facilitators of nurses' participation intentions in "Internet + Nursing Service".

BACKGROUND: Given increases in China's aging population, the growing demand for public health services and the shortage of human resources among nurses have become more prominent. Under such a background, "Internet + Nursing Services" have received more attention. Thus, exploring the barriers to and facilitators of nurses' willingness to participate in "Internet + Nursing Services" and utilizing internet technology to increase the supply of nursing services has become a key issue. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop a scale for assessing the barriers to and facilitators of nurses' willingness to participate in "Internet + Nursing Services" and to test the validity and reliability of the scale. METHODS: A preliminary scale was developed based on a literature review, theoretical research, semistructured qualitative interviews, and two rounds of Delphi expert inquiry. A convenient sampling method was used for the questionnaire survey. A 5-point Likert scale was used to evaluate the importance of the items. The survey data of 659 clinical nurses obtained from February to March 2023 were used for item analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and reliability and validity tests of the scale. The survey data of 538 clinical nurses obtained in April 2023 were used for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the final scale. RESULTS: The final scale consists of 25 items and 4 dimensions (performance expectations, perceived risk, need for professional knowledge training, and nonprofessional knowledge training). The scale showed good structural validity and content validity: the Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.955, the split-half reliability was 0.778, the test-retest reliability was 0.944, the kaiser-meyer-olkin(KMO) value was 0.960, and the cumulative variance contribution rate of the 4 common factors was 83.147%. The scale content validity index(S-CVI) was 0.914. The confirmatory factor analysis model had favorable fit indices: χ2/df = 4.234, RMSEA = 0.078, NFI = 0.940, IFI = 0.953, TLI = 0.947, and CFI = 0.953. CONCLUSION: The scale for assessing the barriers to and facilitators of nurses' willingness to participate in "Internet + Nursing Services" has good reliability and validity, and provides a reference for evaluating nurses' willingness to participate in "Internet + Nursing Services".

Impact of manganese mining on potentially toxic elements pollution and bioaccumulation in Spirogyra varians and Hydrilla verticillata in the Xiaojiang River.

Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) pose a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems. This study investigated the content and potential sources of PTEs (Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) in water, sediment, and dominant aquatic plants (Hydrilla verticillata and Spirogyra varians) in the Xiaojiang River, located near the Zhaiying manganese mine in Guizhou Province, China. Correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis were employed to assess PTE distribution and potential sources. Water PTE concentrations complied with the Class II standard (GB3838-2002), indicating no water pollution. However, sediment PTE levels exceeded background values, particularly Mn, which exhibited moderate to strong contamination. Cd also showed moderate contamination, posing a considerable ecological risk. Cd was the main potential pollutant with the highest contribution rate. Mn and Cd were therefore identified as priority pollutants requiring targeted abatement strategies. Mining activities likely represent the primary source, but combined pollution from vehicle traffic and agriculture might also contribute. Hydrilla verticillata demonstrated a higher capacity for PTE enrichment from sediment compared to Spirogyra varians, suggesting its potential for sediment remediation (except for Cu). A significant correlation existed between both plant species and sediment PTE content. PCA supported the association between S. varians and sediment PTEs. Linear regression analyses revealed better correlations between S. varians and sediment Mn, Ni, Cu, and Zn (0.77, 0.68, 0.82, and 0.79, respectively). Taken together, these findings suggest that S. varians serves as an effective bioindicator for monitoring sediment contamination with PTEs.

Predictive Value of C-Reactive Protein/Albumin Ratio for Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Acute Pancreatitis.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the predictive efficacy of the C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR), a cost-effective, easily accessible, and reproducible biomarker obtained from standard blood tests, in forecasting acute kidney injury (AKI) among patients undergoing acute pancreatitis (AP). Considering that changes in the CAR are associated with AKI incidence in AP cases, this work aims to explore whether CAR can be used as the innovative, inflammation-based diagnostic marker for AKI in AP patients. Methods: The current retrospective cohort study consecutively enrolled AP patients admitted to First College of Clinical Medical Science of China Three Gorges University during the period from January 2019 to October 2023. Data were extracted systematically in electronic medical records from these hospitalized individuals, including baseline demographic and clinical characteristics. To ascertain the association of the CAR level with the development of AKI, we carried out multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. These confounders were initially identified through univariate regression. Furthermore, the potential effect modifiers in the relationship between CAR and AKI occurrence were explored by stratified logistic regression. Results: Totally, 1514 AP were recruited, including 257 (16.9%) with AKI. CAR was positively correlated with AKI. When adjusting for potential confounders, the AKI risk in patients in the upper CAR tertile (2.628-22.994) increased by 83% relative to those in lower tertile (0.05-0.289) (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.13-2.96, P = 0.013). The AKI risk tended to increase according to the increasing CAR tertile (P for trend = 0.013). No significant interactions were observed among subgroups based on age, sex, BMI, admission to ICU, hypertension, DM, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, severity of AP, etiology of AP, demand for CRRT, mechanical ventilation, and blood transfusion (all P > 0.05). Conclusion: A higher CAR is significantly related to the higher AKI incidence in AP patients in the Chinese population.

To nap or not? Evidence from a meta-analysis of cohort studies of habitual daytime napping and health outcomes.

Habitual daytime napping is a common behavioral and lifestyle practice in particular countries and is often considered part of a normal daily routine. However, recent evidence suggests that the health effects of habitual daytime napping are controversial. We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to March 9, 2024, to synthesize cohort studies of napping and health outcome risk. A total of 44 cohort studies with 1,864,274 subjects aged 20-86 years (mean age 56.4 years) were included. Overall, habitual napping increased the risk of several adverse health outcomes, including all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease, and cancer, and decreased the risk of cognitive impairment and sarcopenia. Individuals with a napping duration of 30 min or longer exhibited a higher risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disease, whereas those with napping durations less than 30 min had no significant risks. No significant differences in napping and health risks were observed for napping frequency, percentage of nappers, sample size, sex, age, body mass index, follow-up years, or comorbidity status. These findings indicate that individuals with a long napping duration should consider shortening their daily nap duration to 30 min or less.

Research progress on the effect of sperm chromatin integrity on function and its detection methods.

Sperm chromatin not only carries genetic information such as paternal DNA, but also carries structural proteins, epigenetic information, and higher-order chromatin structures (such as matrix attachment regions and telomeres), etc. These information play an important role in embryonic development. This article mainly reviews the effects of these different information carried by sperm chromatin on sperm function and embryonic development and the research progress of related detection methods, in order to provide a theoretical basis and scientific diagnosis and treatment strategies for the etiology screening of clinical infertility, embryo arrest and recurrent miscarriage, so as to improve the pregnancy outcomes of natural conception and assisted reproduction. Keywords: sperm chromatin; epigenetics; sperm DNA damage; sperm function; higher-order chromatin structures.

Microscopic and submicroscopic exploration of diplolepideae peristome structures in hygroscopic movement.

BACKGROUND: The Diplolepideae are the larger group within the Arthrodontae mosses, characterized by peristomes formed from residual cell walls. It is now understood that these peristomes exhibit diverse hygroscopic movements, playing a crucial role in spore release. However, the exact mechanism behind this movement remains unclear, lacking direct evidence. This study investigated the microscopic and submicroscopic structures of the peristomes in three Diplolepideae species: Hypopterygium fauriei (Besch.), Pylaisia levieri (Müll. Hal.) Arikawa and Regmatodon declinatus (Hook.) Brid. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to reveal the differences in their hygroscopic movement mechanisms. RESULTS: The three species exhibited distinct responses upon wetting: H. fauriei's exostome closed inwards, P. levieri' opened outwards, and R. declinatus' elongated significantly. These differences are attributed to the varying microfibril deposition in the exostome layers. Uniform deposition in the inner layer and minimal deposition in the outer layer enabled exostome opening upon wetting and closing when dry. Our findings suggest that the diastole and contraction of fine microfibrils in the exostome plates and ridges are the key drivers of hygroscopic movement. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides further evidence at both the structural and submicroscopic levels, contributing to the unraveling of the hygroscopic movement mechanism in Diplolepideae peristomes. This enhanced understanding sheds light on the relationship between peristome structure and function.

Iron gallic acid biomimetic nanoparticles for targeted magnetic resonance imaging.

Developing T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents with enhanced biocompatibility and targeting capabilities is crucial owing to concerns over current agents' potential toxicity and suboptimal performance. Drawing inspiration from "biomimetic camouflage," we isolated cell membranes (CMs) from human glioblastoma (T98G) cell lines via the extrusion method to facilitate homotypic glioma targeting. At an 8:1 mass ratio of ferric chloride hexahydrate to gallic acid (GA), the resulting iron (Fe)-GA nanoparticles (NPs) proved effective as a T1-weighted MRI contrast agent. T98G CM-coated Fe-GA NPs demonstrated improved homotypic glioma targeting, validated through Prussian blue staining and in vitro MRI. This biomimetic camouflage strategy holds promise for the development of targeted theranostic agents in a safe and effective manner.

Construction of colorimetric sensor arrays using steel slag-based composites for highly sensitive detection of tetracycline antibiotics.

Sensor array methods have received much attention in recent years. In this study, a colorimetric sensor array consisting of three kinds of steel slag-based composites (including porphyrin-functionalized non-magnetic steel slag (NMSS-Por), alkali-excited steel slag (A-SS), and platinum modified steel slag (ALANH-Pt)) was developed for the detection and recognition of tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) such as tetracycline (TC), oxytetracycline (OTC) and doxycycline (DOX). Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) showed that the colorimetric sensor array has excellent recognition ability for TCs. The detection limits of this sensor array for TC, OTC, and DOX were 0.059 µM, 0.111 µM and 0.118 µM, respectively, which provided higher sensitivity compared to the colorimetric sensors composed of a single steel slag-based composite material. At the same time, the array sensor has anti-interference ability, and this study provides a new application route for steel slag.

Enhancement of vitamin B stability with the protection of whey protein and their interaction mechanisms.

Vitamin B is easily degraded by light and heat during storage, which results in nutritional loss of food. Whey protein is expected to protect vitamin B by forming complexes through secondary bonds. The properties of the complexes and protective effects of whey protein on vitamins B1, B2, B3 and B6 were characterized. The percentage losses of vitamin B were decreased by more than 60% with the protection of whey protein. FTIR, fluorescence spectroscopy, thermodynamic analysis and molecular docking were used to investigate the binding interaction between vitamin B and whey protein. Vitamin B quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of whey protein, mainly with a static nature (Kq > 2.0 × 1010 L/(mol·s)). The interactions between whey protein and vitamin B were mostly mediated by hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces, as demonstrated by the thermodynamic parameters and molecular docking.

CRHR1 antagonist alleviated depression-like behavior by downregulating p62 in a rat model of post-stroke depression.

Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a complication of cerebrovascular disease, which can increase mortality after stroke. CRH is one of the main signaling peptides released after activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in response to stress. It affects synaptic plasticity by regulating inflammation, oxidative stress and autophagy in the central nervous system. And the loss of spines exacerbates depression-like behavior. Therefore, synaptic deficits induced by CRH may be related to post-stroke depression. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The Keap1-Nrf2 complex is one of the core components of the antioxidant response. As an autophagy associated protein, p62 participates in the Keap1-NrF2 pathway through its Keap1 interaction domain. Oxidative stress is involved in the feedback regulation between Keap1-Nrf2 pathway and p62.However, whether the relationship between CRH and the Keap1-Nrf2-p62 pathway is involved in PSD remains unknown. This study found that serum levels of CRH in 22 patients with PSD were higher than those in healthy subjects. We used MCAO combined with CUMS single-cage SD rats to establish an animal model of PSD. Animal experiments showed that CRHR1 antagonist prevented synaptic loss in the hippocampus of PSD rats and alleviated depression-like behavior. CRH induced p62 accumulation in the prefrontal cortex of PSD rats through CRHR1. CRHR1 antagonist inhibited Keap1-Nrf2-p62 pathway by attenuating oxidative stress. In addition, we found that abnormal accumulation of p62 induces PSD. It alleviates depression-like behavior by inhibiting the expression of p62 and promoting the clearance of p62 in PSD rats. These findings can help explore the pathogenesis of PSD and design targeted treatments for PSD.

RNA-seq-based transcriptome profiling of early fruit development in Chieh-qua and analysis of related transcription factors.

Chieh-qua (Benincasa hispida Cogn. var. Chieh-qua How.) fruit development starts post pollination. With the continuous expansion of the fruit, the soluble solid content of the fruit decreases. Because there are no reports on the early development of Chieh-qua fruit, this study compared fruit transcriptomes at 0-, 3-, and 7 day post pollination (dpp). 104,747 unigenes were assembled from clean reads and compared using six public databases for similarity searching. Compared with those of 0 dpp (C), there were differences in the expression of 12,982 and 6541 genes in the fruit tissue at 3 dpp and 7 dpp, respectively. Compared with 3 dpp (B), there were 14,314 differentially expressed genes in the fruit at 7 dpp (A). Based on the analysis of transcription factors, 213 nucleotides in the MYB superfamily were identified; among them, 94 unigenes of the MYB superfamily were differentially expressed at the three stages. In the pairwise comparison of differential expression, eight unigenes (Gene_id: TRINITY_DN32880_c1_g2, TRINITY_DN35142_c2_g2, TRINITY_DN32454_c11_g6, TRINITY_DN34105_c2_g7, TRINITY_DN32758_c3_g3, TRINITY_DN33604_c4_g10, TRINITY_DN34466_c3_g1, TRINITY_DN35924_c3_g2) were homologous to those of MYB59, MYB-GT3b, MYB18, MYB4, MYB108, MYB306, MYB340, and MYB-bHLH13. These unigenes differed significantly among the three stages. Furthermore, MYB59 and MYB18 exhibited higher expression at 7 dpp. MYB4, MYB-GT3b, MYB108, and MYB306 showed the highest expression levels in fruits at 3 dpp. In addition, MYB340 and MYB-bHLH13 showed higher expression levels during the unpollinated stage. MYB59, MYB-GT3b, MYB18, MYB4, MYB108, MYB306, MYB340, and MYB-bHLH13 may play crucial roles in Chieh-qua fruit development, defense, and blossoming. This study provides a basis for further investigation of MYB superfamily genes involved in early fruit expansion in chieh-qua.

Developing portable and controllable fluorescence capillary imprinted sensor for visual detection Crohn's disease biomarkers.

Simultaneous detection of multiple biomarker levels is essential to improve the accuracy of early diagnosis. Introducing capillary will simplify procedure, less time, and reduce reagent consumption for point-of-care testing of biomarkers. Here, we developed a portable and controllable smartphone-integrated fluorescence capillary imprinted sensing platform for the accuracy visual detection of Crohn's disease biomarkers (lysozyme, Fe3+) using single-excitation/double-signal detection. A novel controllable capillary coating strategy was developed by static gas-driven coating method for synthesis uniform fluorescence capillary imprinted sensor (Si-CD/g-CdTe@MIP capillary sensor). When Fe3+ and lysozyme were added, the fluorescence intensity of Si-CD/g-CdTe@MIP capillary sensor was quenched at 426 nm and enhanced at 546 nm, respectively. This Si-CD/g-CdTe@MIP capillary sensor has high sensitivity and selectivity for quantification lysozyme and Fe3+ simultaneously with the detection limit of 0.098 nM and 0.20 nM, respectively. In addition, the smartphone-integrated Si-CD/g-CdTe@MIP capillary sensor was applied for the intelligent detection of lysozyme and Fe3+, in which the detection limit was calculated as 0.32 nM and 0.65 nM. The smartphone-integrated visual Si-CD/g-CdTe@MIP capillary sensor realized ultrasensitive microanalysis (18 µL/time) of biomarkers in health man and Crohn 's patients, providing a novel strategy for early diagnosis of Crohn 's disease.

DAPK1 mediates cognitive dysfunction and neuronal apoptosis in PSD rats through the ERK/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway.

Post-stroke depression (PSD) is one of the most common mental sequelae after a stroke and can damage the brain. Although PSD has garnered increasing attention in recent years, the precise mechanism remains unclear. Studies have indicated that the expression of DAPK1 is elevated in various neurodegenerative conditions, including depression, ischemic stroke, and Alzheimer's disease. However, the specific molecular mechanism of DAPK1-mediated cognitive dysfunction and neuronal apoptosis in PSD rats is unclear. In this study, we established a rat model of PSD, and then assessed depression-like behaviors and cognitive dysfunction in rats using behavioral tests. In addition, we detected neuronal apoptosis and analyzed the expression of DAPK1 protein and proteins related to the ERK/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway. The findings revealed that MCAO combined with CUMS can induce more severe depression-like behaviors and cognitive dysfunction in rats, while overexpression of DAPK1 may hinder the downstream ERK/CREB/BDNF signaling pathways, resulting in neuronal loss and exacerbation of brain tissue damage. In this study, we will focus on DAPK1 and explore its role in PSD.

Phosphorus desorption regulates phosphorus fraction dynamics in soil aggregates of revegetated ecosystems.

To elucidate the mechanisms and effects of phosphorus (P) desorption on P fractions in soil aggregates of revegetated ecosystems is fundamental for regulating the P supply and biogeochemical cycle. We selected four aggregate sizes (1-5, 0.5-1, 0.25-0.5, and <0.25 mm) from a desert revegetation chronosequence (11, 31, 40, 57, and 65 years) as our study targets and used the Freundlich model to reveal the dynamics of P desorption and changes in P fractions. The results showed that the calibrated model [Formula: see text] for different size aggregates in seven deserts (two natural and five revegetated) described the P desorption characteristics well. In soil aggregates of revegetated deserts, smaller aggregates with higher specific surface area did not desorb more P, nor did older aggregates after revegetation. The natural P desorption process in aggregates resulted in significant changes in Ca2-P, Ca8-P, Al-P and Fe-P fractions (p < 0.05), and revegetation years also affected P fraction dynamics significantly (p < 0.05). This study highlights that the calibrated kinetic model in the revegetated soil aggregates elucidated the P desorption characteristics, and that the P desorption process drove P fraction changes.

Ensemble learning prediction framework for EGFR amplification status of glioma based on terahertz spectral features.

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of gliomas. In particular, in glioblastoma, EGFR amplification emerges as a catalyst for invasion, proliferation, and resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Current approaches are not capable of providing rapid diagnostic results of molecular pathology. In this study, we propose a terahertz spectroscopic approach for predicting the EGFR amplification status of gliomas for the first time. A machine learning model was constructed using the terahertz response of the measured glioma tissues, including the absorption coefficient, refractive index, and dielectric loss tangent. The novelty of our model is the integration of three classical base classifiers, i.e., support vector machine, random forest, and extreme gradient boosting. The ensemble learning method combines the advantages of various base classifiers, this model has more generalization ability. The effectiveness of the proposed method was validated by applying an individual test set. The optimal performance of the integrated algorithm was verified with an area under the curve (AUC) maximum of 85.8 %. This signifies a significant stride toward more effective and rapid diagnostic tools for guiding postoperative therapy in gliomas.