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Direct methanol fuel cells rely on the efficiency of their anode/cathode electrocatalysts to facilitate the methanol oxidation reaction and oxygen reduction reaction, respectively. Platinum-based nanocatalysts are at the forefront due to their superior catalytic properties. However, the high-cost, scarcity, and low CO tolerance of platinum pose challenges for the scalable application of DMFCs. Herein, we report novel ultrathin ternary PtNiRu alloy nanowires to improve Pt utilization and CO tolerance. These novel electrocatalysts incorporate the oxophilic metal Ru into ultrathin PtNi nanowires, aiming to enhance the intrinsic activity of platinum while leveraging the long-term durability and high utilization efficiency provided by the bimetallic synergistic effect. The PtNiRu NWs significantly enhance both mass activity and specific activity for ORR, performing about 6.9 times and 3.9 times better than commercial Pt/C, respectively. After a rigorous durability test of 10,000 cycles, the PtNiRu NWs only exhibited a 25.2 % loss in mass activity. Additionally, for MOR, the MA and SA of PtNiRu NWs exceed that of Pt/C catalyst by 4.30 and 2.72 times, respectively, and exhibit exceptional resistance to CO poisoning. Theoretical insights from density functional theory calculations suggest that the introduction of Ru modulates the d-band center of the surface Pt atoms, which contributes to decreased binding strength of oxygenated species and an elevated dissolution potential, substantiating the enhanced performance metrics, and the durability enhancement stems from the stronger PtM bonds than those in PtNiRu NWs resulted from PtRu covalent interactions. These findings not only provide a new perspective on platinum-based nanocatalysts but also significantly advance the quest for more efficient and durable electrocatalysts for DMFCs, representing a substantial stride in fuel cell technology.
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Study of the interaction between fault activation and mining stress evolution in the longwall working face is helpful to provide a targeted area for fault type heavy mine pressure disaster control. Combining theoretical analysis, physical and numerical simulation, the mechanical mechanism of fault activation is analyzed, the interaction law between mining stress and fault activation is studied, and the influence of fault dip angle on the evolution of fault activation and mining stress is discussed. The minimum critical dip angles α of normal and reverse fault activation are π/4 + φ/2 and π/4-φ/2, respectively. During the mining process, the activation position of the fault surface, the peak values of stress and displacement gradually increase and transfer from the high position of the fault to the low position, and the peak value of the advance abutment pressure reaches the maximum at the fault. The advancing distance of the working face required for fault activation gradually decreases with the decrease of the fault dip angle, and the peak elevation area of the working face gradually increases with the decrease of the fault dip angle. Combined with the on-site microseismic monitoring results, it can be seen that when the working face is about 20 m away from the fault, the stress and energy increase sharply, which is the main control area of the impact disaster.
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With the drying and warming of the climate and irrational grazing, various types of grasslands in Inner Mongolia have been degraded to different degrees, and different management modes will inevitably affect the plant diversity and vegetation carbon stock of soil grasslands. To clarify the changes and influencing factors of plant diversity and carbon stock in different types of grasslands under different management modes, plant species composition, aboveground biomass, and vegetation carbon were analyzed based on 18 sentinel monitoring stations across three different types of grasslands in Inner Mongolia. The results showed that grazing increased the dominance of typical grassland and desert grassland, whereas meadow grassland decreased, and the evenness index and Shannon Wiener diversity index increased less in meadow grassland and desert grassland. Grazing decreased graminaceous biomass in meadow grassland and typical grassland, whereas it increased in desert grassland. Above-ground vegetation and below-ground root carbon stocks were much higher than those in grazing areas, 1.5 and 1.2 higher, respectively, but vegetation carbon stocks in long-term grazing sites were significantly lower than those in short-term grazing. Further, the structural equations showed that the effects of geographic location, climatic factors, and soil factors on the biomass and vegetation carbon stocks of the three grassland types differed significantly. The results can provide a reference for the ecologically sustainable development of grassland and the optimization of management mode.
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Biodiversidad , Carbono , Pradera , Poaceae , Carbono/análisis , China , Poaceae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Herbivoria , Animales , Biomasa , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Suelo/químicaRESUMEN
The rapid, precise, and high-throughput identification of multiple heavy metals ions holds immense importance in ensuring food safety and promoting public health. This study presents a novel smartphone-assisted colorimetric sensor array for the rapid and precise detection of multiple heavy metals ions. The sensor array is based on three signal recognition elements (AuPt@Fe-N-C, AuPt@N-C, and Fe-N-C) and the presence of different heavy metal ions affects the nanozymes-chromogenic substrate (TMB) catalytic color production, enabling the differentiation and quantification of various heavy metal ions. Combined with a smartphone-based RGB mode, the colorimetric sensor array can successfully identify five different heavy metal ions (Hg2+, Pb2+, Co2+, Cr6+, and Fe3+) as low as 0.5 µM and different ratios of binary and ternary mixed heavy metal ions in just 5 min. The sensor array successfully tested seawater and salmon samples with a total heavy metal content of 10 µM in the South China Sea (Haikou and Wenchang). Overall, this study highlights the potential of smartphone-assisted colorimetric sensor arrays for the rapid and precise detection of multiple heavy metal ions, which could significantly contribute to food safety and public health monitoring.
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Single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) as a class of highly active nanozymes with the advantages of high atom utilization, high catalytic activity and stability have attracted great attention. In this work, Fe-N-C SAzymes with exceptional oxidase (OXD)-like activity were achieved utilizing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a template. The Fe-N-C SAzymes with remarkable OXD-like activity could oxidize TMB to blue oxTMB, but 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) as a metal chelator is capable of discoloring oxTMB. Thus, the addition of 8-HQ decolorized the solution. However, upon the introduction of Cr(VI) ions, 8-HQ preferentially chelated with the Cr(VI) ions, reversing the inhibition of the color reaction and restoring the blue color. Based on this phenomenon, we constructed a novel paper-based analytical device (PAD) that exhibited a linear range of 5-1000 µM and an LOD of 1.2 µM. Importantly, the PAD used in this study shows the merits of simplicity, low preparation costs, and rapid reaction times. When combined with smartphone RGB analysis, it enables the simultaneous analysis of eight different Cr(VI) concentrations without the need for large-scale instrumentation. Moreover, the proposed PAD displays high selectivity, accuracy and utility in testing actual short-necked clam samples. This work not only provides a simple and cost-effective method to detect Cr(VI) but also makes a contribution to rapid food testing.
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BACKGROUND: Clinical therapeutic targets for leukemia remain to be identified and the causality between leukemia and telomere length is unclear. METHODS: This work employed cis expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) for 2,200 druggable genes from the eQTLGen Consortium and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary data for telomere length in seven blood cell types from the UK Biobank, Netherlands Cohort as exposures. GWAS data for lymphoid leukemia (LL) and myeloid leukemia (ML) from FinnGen and Lee Lab were used as outcomes for discovery and replication cohorts, respectively. Robust Mendelian randomization (MR) findings were generated from seven MR models and a series of sensitivity analyses. Summary-data-based MR (SMR) analysis and transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) were further implemented to verify the association between identified druggable genes and leukemia. Single-cell type expression analysis was employed to identify the specific expression of leukemia casual genes on human bone marrow and peripheral blood immune cells. Multivariable MR analysis, linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC), and Bayesian colocalization analysis were performed to further validate the relationship between telomere length and leukemia. Mediation analysis was used to assess the effects of identified druggable genes affecting leukemia via telomere length. Phenome-wide MR (Phe-MR) analysis for assessing the effect of leukemia causal genes and telomere length on 1,403 disease phenotypes. RESULTS: Combining the results of the meta-analysis for MR estimates from two cohorts, SMR and TWAS analysis, we identified five LL causal genes (TYMP, DSTYK, PPIF, GDF15, FAM20A) and three ML causal genes (LY75, ADA, ABCA2) as promising drug targets for leukemia. Univariable MR analysis showed genetically predicted higher leukocyte telomere length increased the risk of LL (odds ratio [OR] = 2.33, 95 % confidence interval [95 % CI] 1.70-3.18; P = 1.33E-07), and there was no heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy. Evidence from the meta-analysis of two cohorts strengthened this finding (OR = 1.88, 95 % CI 1.06-3.05; P = 0.01). Multivariable MR analysis showed the causality between leukocyte telomere length and LL without interference from the other six blood cell telomere length (OR = 2.72, 95 % CI 1.88-3.93; P = 1.23E-07). Evidence from LDSC supported the positive genetic correlation between leukocyte telomere length and LL (rg = 0.309, P = 0.0001). Colocalization analysis revealed that the causality from leukocyte telomere length on LL was driven by the genetic variant rs770526 in the TERT region. The mediation analysis via two-step MR showed that the causal effect from TYMP on LL was partly mediated by leukocyte telomere length, with a mediated proportion of 12 %. CONCLUSION: Our study identified several druggable genes associated with leukemia risk and provided new insights into the etiology and drug development of leukemia. We also found that genetically predicted higher leukocyte telomere length increased LL risk and its potential mechanism of action.
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Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Leucemia , Sitios de Carácter Cuantitativo , Humanos , Leucemia/genética , Análisis de la Aleatorización Mendeliana , Telómero/genética , Estudios de Cohortes , Homeostasis del Telómero/genéticaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the correlation between serum fibronectin 3 (Ficolin-3) levels and early severe bleeding in newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients. METHODS: A total of 125 patients with newly diagnosed APL admitted to Shanxi Bethune Hospital from January 2020 to August 2023 were selected. All patients were given all-trans retinoic acid+arsenic for induction therapy. The severe bleeding events within 30 days of induction therapy (assessed by WHO bleeding score, grade 0, grade 1 and grade 2 were no bleeding or mild bleeding, grade 3 and grade 4 were severe or fatal bleeding) were used as observation endpoints. The serum Ficolin-3 levels was dected by ELISA method, baseline data and other laboratory indicators were counted, and the correlation between serum Ficolin-3 levels and early severe bleeding in newly diagnosed APL patients was analyzed. RESULTS: 23 out of 125 APL patients experienced early severe bleeding during induction therapy, including 13 cases of grade 3 bleeding and 10 cases of grade 4 bleeding. There were 102 cases of non-serious bleeding, including 30 cases of grade 0, 24 cases of grade 1 bleeding, and 48 cases of grade 2 bleeding. The proportion of serum promyelocytes, white blood cell count, and D-D level in the severe bleeding group were significantly higher than those in the non severe bleeding group (P < 0.05), while the levels of PLT and FIB were significantly lower than those in the non-serious bleeding group (P < 0.05). The serum Ficolin-3 levels in the severe bleeding group were significantly lower than those in the non severe bleeding group before treatment, days of treatment, 14 days of treatment, and 30 days of treatment (P < 0.05). Confirmed by point two column correlation, serum Ficolin-3 levels were negatively correlated with early severe bleeding in newly diagnosed APL patients before treatment, 7 days, 14 days, and 30 days after treatment (r values were -0.485, -0.397, -0.304, and -0.183, respectively). The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) graph of the subjects was drawn, and the results showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of serum Ficolin-3 levels before treatment and at 7 and 14 days after treatment for predicting early severe bleeding in newly diagnosed APL patients was greater than 0.7, all of which had certain predictive efficacy, and the serum Ficolin-3 level before treatment had the best predictive efficacy. CONCLUSION: The serum Ficolin-3 levels in newly diagnosed APL patients are associated with early severe bleeding, and the serum Ficolin-3 levels before treatment have a significant advantage in predicting early severe bleeding in newly diagnosed APL patients.
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Hemorragia , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda , Humanos , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/complicaciones , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/sangre , Hemorragia/etiología , Femenino , Masculino , Fibronectinas/sangre , Lectinas/sangre , Adulto , Tretinoina , Glicoproteínas/sangreRESUMEN
The geological phenomenon of igneous rock invading coal seam is widely distributed, which induces mining risk and affects efficient mining. The pre-splitting blasting method of igneous rock is feasible but difficult to implement accurately, resulting in unnecessary safety and environmental pollution risks. In this paper, the blasting model with penetrating structural plane and the multi-hole blasting model with different hole spacing were established based on the Riedel-Hiermaier-Thoma (RHT) damage constitutive to explore the stress wave propagation law under detonation. The damage cloud diagram and damage degree algorithm were used to quantitatively describe the spatio-temporal evolution of blasting damage. The results show that the explosion stress wave presents a significant reflection stretching effect under the action of the structural plane, which can effectively aggravate the presplitting blasting degree of the rock mass inside the structural plane. The damage range of rock mass is synchronously evolved with the change of blasting hole spacing. The blasting in the igneous rock intrusion area of the 21,914 working face is taken as an application example, and the damage degree of rock mass is reasonably evaluated by the box-counting dimension and K-means clustering method, which proves the effectiveness of the blasting scheme and provides reference value for the implementation of related blasting projects.
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Background: Salidroside (SAL) is the most effective component of Rhodiola rosea, a traditional Chinese medicine. Cryptotanshinone (CT) is the main fat-soluble extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza, exhibiting considerable potential for application in osteogenesis. Herein, a polycaprolactone/gelatin nanofiber membrane loaded with CT and SAL (PSGC membrane) was successfully fabricated via coaxial electrospinning and characterized. Methods and Results: This membrane capable of sustained and controlled drug release was employed in this study. Co-culturing the membrane with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells revealed excellent biocompatibility and demonstrated osteogenic and angiogenic capabilities. Furthermore, drug release from the PSGC membrane activated the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway and promoted osteogenic differentiation and vascularization. Evaluation of the membrane's vascularization and osteogenic capacities involved transplantation onto a rat's subcutaneous area and assessing rat cranium defects for bone regeneration, respectively. Microcomputed tomography, histological tests, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining confirmed the membrane's outstanding angiogenic capacity two weeks post-operation, with a higher incidence of osteogenesis observed in rat cranial defects eight weeks post-surgery. Conclusion: Overall, the SAL- and CT-loaded coaxial electrospun nanofiber membrane synergistically enhances bone repair and regeneration.
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Gelatina , Glucósidos , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas , Nanofibras , Neovascularización Fisiológica , Osteogénesis , Fenantrenos , Fenoles , Poliésteres , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Osteogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Nanofibras/química , Gelatina/química , Poliésteres/química , Glucósidos/química , Glucósidos/farmacología , Fenoles/química , Fenoles/farmacología , Fenantrenos/química , Fenantrenos/farmacología , Fenantrenos/farmacocinética , Fenantrenos/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Neovascularización Fisiológica/efectos de los fármacos , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/efectos de los fármacos , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/efectos de los fármacos , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/citología , Ratas , Masculino , Regeneración Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Membranas Artificiales , Técnicas de Cocultivo , Liberación de Fármacos , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Effective identification of multiple cariogenic bacteria in saliva samples is important for oral disease prevention and treatment. Here, a simple colorimetric sensor array is developed for the identification of cariogenic bacteria using single-atom nanozymes (SANs) assisted by machine learning. Interestingly, cariogenic bacteria can increase oxidase-like activity of iron (Fe)ânitrogen (N)âcarbon (C) SANs by accelerating electron transfer, and inversely reduce the activity of FeâNâC further reconstruction with urea. Through machine-learning-assisted sensor array, colorimetric responses are developed as "fingerprints" of cariogenic bacteria. Multiple cariogenic bacteria can be well distinguished by linear discriminant analysis and bacteria at different genera can also be distinguished by hierarchical cluster analysis. Furthermore, colorimetric sensor array has demonstrated excellent performance for the identification of mixed cariogenic bacteria in artificial saliva samples. In view of convenience, precise, and high-throughput discrimination, the developed colorimetric sensor array based on SANs assisted by machine learning, has great potential for the identification of oral cariogenic bacteria so as to serve for oral disease prevention and treatment.
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With the continuous advancement of wearable technology and advanced medical monitoring, there is an increasing demand for electronic devices that can adapt to complex environments and have high perceptual sensitivity. Here, a novel artificial injury perception device based on an Ag/HfOx/ITO/PET flexible memristor is designed to address the limitations of current technologies in multimodal perception and environmental adaptability. The memristor exhibits excellent resistive switching (RS) performance and mechanical flexibility under different bending angles (BAs), temperatures, humid environment, and repetitive folding conditions. Further, the device demonstrates the multimodal perception and conversion capabilities toward voltage, mechanical, and thermal stimuli through current response tests under different conditions, enabling not only the simulation of artificial injury perception but also holds promise for monitoring and controlling the movement of robotic arms. Moreover, the logical operation capability of the memristor-based reconfigurable logic (MRL) gates is also demonstrated, proving the device has great potential applications with sensing, storage, and memory functions. Overall, this study not only provides a direction for the development of the next-generation flexible multimodal sensors, but also has significant implications for technological advancements in many fields such as robotic arms, electronic skin (e-skin), and medical monitoring.
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Sulfide-based solid electrolytes with high ionic conductivity have attracted a lot of attention. However, the incompatibility and interfacial instability of sulfides with the lithium metal anode have emerged as pivotal constraints on their development. To address this challenge, we proposed and successfully synthesized the BH4- doped argyrodite-type electrolyte Li6PS5Cl0.9(BH4)0.1 by mechanical ball milling and annealing. This electrolyte not only exhibits an exceptionally high ionic conductivity of 2.83 × 10-3 S cm-1 at 25 °C but also demonstrates outstanding electrochemical stability. The Li/Li6PS5Cl0.9(BH4)0.1/Li symmetric cell can stably run for more than 400 h at a current density of 0.2 mA cm-2. In sharp contrast, although the F- doped sample, Li6PS5Cl0.3F0.7, can highly improve Li6PS5Cl's electrochemical stability, the ionic conductivity will reduce dramatically to 6.63 × 10-4 S cm-1. The stepwise current method reveals a critical current density of 3.5 mA cm-2 for Li6PS5Cl0.9(BH4)0.1, which makes it a competitive sulfide-based solid electrolyte. This research offers valuable insights for designing new borohydride-containing solid electrolytes.
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This research focuses on the challenges of efficiently constructing drug carriers and evaluating their dynamic release in vitro simulation. By using pickering emulsion and layer-by-layer self-assembly methods. The microcapsules had tea tree oil as the core material, SiO2 nanoparticles as stabilizers, and chitosan and hyaluronic acid as shell materials. The microencapsulation mechanism, as well as the effects of core-shell mass ratio and stirring, were discussed. Specifically, a dynamic circulation simulation microchannel system was designed and manufactured based on 3D printing technology. In this simulation system, the release rate of microcapsules is accelerated and the trend changes, with its behavior aligning with the Boltzmann model. The study demonstrates the advantages of self-assembled inorganic-organic drug-loaded microcapsules in terms of controllable fabrication and ease of functional modification, and shows the potential of 3D printed cyclic microchannel systems in terms of operability and simulation fidelity in drug and physiological analysis.
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Cápsulas , Quitosano , Liberación de Fármacos , Ácido Hialurónico , Impresión Tridimensional , Quitosano/química , Ácido Hialurónico/química , Portadores de Fármacos/químicaRESUMEN
Developing advanced functional carbon materials is essential for electrocatalysis, caused by their vast merits for boosting many key energy conversion reactions. Herein, the covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is utilized on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as the template, under the controllable metal atoms thermal migration process successfully in situ constructs Pd-Co alloy nanoparticles on hollow cubic graphene. The electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) evaluation showed excellent performances with a half-wave potential of 0.866 V, and a limited current density of 4.975 mA cm-2, that superior to the commercial Pt/C and Co nanoparticles. The contrast experiments and X-ray absorption spectrum demonstrated the aggregated electrons at highly dispersed Pd atoms on Co nanoparticle that promoted the main activities. This work not only enlightens the novel carbon materials designing strategies but also suggests heterogeneous electrocatalysis.
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Compared with traditional "lock-key mode" biosensors, a sensor array consists of a series of sensing elements based on intermolecular interactions (typically hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, and electrostatic interactions). At the same time, sensor arrays also have the advantages of fast response, high sensitivity, low energy consumption, low cost, rich output signals, and imageability, which have attracted widespread attention from researchers. Nanozymes are nanomaterials which own enzyme-like properties. Because of the adjustable activity, high stability, and cost effectiveness of nanozymes, they are potential candidates for construction of sensor arrays to output different signals from analytes through the chemoresponse of colorants, which solves the shortcomings of traditional sensors that they cannot support multiple detection and lack universality. Recently, a sensor array based on nanozymes as nonspecific recognition receptors has attracted much more attention from researchers and has been applied to precise recognition of proteins, bacteria, and heavy metals. In this perspective, attention is given to nanozymes and the regulation of their enzyme-like activity. Particularly, the building principles and methods for sensor arrays based on nanozymes are analyzed, and the applications are summarized. Finally, the approaches to overcome the challenges and perspectives are also presented and analyzed for facilitating further research and development of nanozyme sensor arrays. This perspective should be helpful for gaining insight into research ideas within the field of nanozyme sensor arrays.
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Técnicas Biosensibles , Nanoestructuras , Nanoestructuras/química , Enzimas/metabolismo , Enzimas/químicaRESUMEN
Herein, we present a novel ultrasensitive graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) biosensor based on lithium niobate (LiNbO3) ferroelectric substrate for the application of breast cancer marker detection. The electrical properties of graphene are varied under the electrostatic field, which is generated through the spontaneous polarization of the ferroelectric substrate. It is demonstrated that the properties of interface between graphene and solution are also altered due to the interaction between the electrostatic field and ions. Compared with the graphene field-effect biosensor based on the conventional Si/SiO2 gate structure, our biosensor achieves a higher sensitivity to 64.7 mV/decade and shows a limit of detection down to 1.7 fM (equivalent to 12 fg·mL-1) on the detection of microRNA21 (a breast cancer marker). This innovative design combining GFETs with ferroelectric substrates holds great promise for developing an ultrahigh-sensitivity biosensing platform based on graphene that enables rapid and early disease diagnosis.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor , Técnicas Biosensibles , Neoplasias de la Mama , Grafito , MicroARNs , Niobio , Óxidos , Grafito/química , Técnicas Biosensibles/métodos , Técnicas Biosensibles/instrumentación , Humanos , Niobio/química , Neoplasias de la Mama/diagnóstico , Óxidos/química , MicroARNs/análisis , Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Femenino , Límite de Detección , Transistores ElectrónicosRESUMEN
To address the most significant environmental challenges, the quest for high-performance gas sensing materials is crucial. Among numerous two-dimensional materials, this study investigates the gas-sensitive capabilities of monolayer As, Sb, and Bi materials. To compare the gas detection abilities of these three materials, we employ first-principles calculations to comprehensively study the adsorption behavior of NO and NO2 gas molecules on the material surfaces. The results indicate that monolayer Bi material exhibits reasonable adsorption distances, substantial adsorption energies, and significant charge transfer for both NO and NO2 gases. Therefore, among the materials studied, it demonstrates the best gas detection capability. Furthermore, monolayer As and Sb materials exhibit remarkably high capacities for adsorbing NO and NO2 gas molecules, firmly interacting with the gas molecules. Gas adsorption induces changes in the material's work function, suggesting the potential application of these two materials as catalysts.
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Background: Previous studies have yielded inconsistent results concerning drug use and the risk of cancers. We conducted a large-scale cross-sectional study and a two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) study to reveal the causal effect between the use of 19 medications and the risk of four common cancers (breast, lung, colorectal, and prostate). Methods: We obtained information on medication use and cancer diagnosis from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants. After propensity score matching, we conducted survey-weighted multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analysis to assess the observed correlation between medication use and cancer while adjusting for multiple covariates. We also performed MR analysis to investigate causality based on summary data from genome-wide association studies on medication use and cancers. We performed sensitivity analyses, replication analysis, genetic correlation analysis, and reverse MR analysis to improve the reliability of MR findings. Results: We found that the use of agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system was associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer (odds ratio (OR) = 0.42; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.27-0.63, P < 0.001), and there was a nonlinear association of 'decrease-to-increase-to-decrease' (P < 0.0001). The random-effects inverse variance weighted (IVW) model-based primary MR analysis (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.91-0.97, P = 0.0007) and replication MR analysis (OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.85-0.96, P = 0.0006) both provided robust evidence of the causality of genetic liability for the use of agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system on a decreased risk of prostate cancer. Conclusions: Our study provides robust evidence that the use of drugs acting on the renin-angiotensin system can reduce prostate cancer risk. Given the high prevalence of prostate cancer, these findings have important implications for drug selection and prostate cancer prevention in patients with cardiovascular disease.
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Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Neoplasias de la Próstata , Masculino , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Encuestas Nutricionales , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Neoplasias de la Próstata/epidemiología , Neoplasias de la Próstata/genéticaRESUMEN
In the past decade, with the rapid development of wearable electronics, medical health monitoring, the Internet of Things, and flexible intelligent robots, flexible pressure sensors have received unprecedented attention. As a very important kind of electronic component for information transmission and collection, flexible pressure sensors have gained a wide application prospect in the fields of aerospace, biomedical and health monitoring, electronic skin, and human-machine interface. In recent years, MXene has attracted extensive attention because of its unique 2D layered structure, high conductivity, rich surface terminal groups, and hydrophilicity, which has brought a new breakthrough for flexible sensing. Thus, it has become a revolutionary pressure-sensitive material with great potential. In this work, the recent advances of MXene-based flexible pressure sensors are reviewed from the aspects of sensing type, sensing mechanism, material selection, structural design, preparation strategy, and sensing application. The methods and strategies to improve the performance of MXene-based flexible pressure sensors are analyzed in details. Finally, the opportunities and challenges faced by MXene-based flexible pressure sensors are discussed. This review will bring the research and development of MXene-based flexible sensors to a new high level, promoting the wider research exploitation and practical application of MXene materials in flexible pressure sensors.
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Osteogenesis is caused by multiple factors, and the inflammatory response, osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), regeneration of blood vessels, and other factors must be considered in bone tissue engineering. To effectively repair bone defect, it is important to decrease excessive inflammation, enhance the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts, and stimulate angiogenesis. Herein, nano-attapulgite (ATP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and gelatin (GEL) scaffolds were produced using 3D printing technology and pioglitazone (PIO)-containing polylactic acid-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanospheres were added. In both in vitro and in vivo studies, material scaffolds with PIO-loaded polylactic acid-glycolic acid nanospheres could reduce the inflammatory response by encouraging macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 and promoting the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by activating the BMP2/Smad/RUNX2 signal pathway to repair bone defects. The vascularization of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) through the PI3K/AKT/HIF1-/VEGF pathway was also encouraged. In vivo research using PIO-containing PLGA nanospheres revealed massive collagen deposition in skin models. These findings indicate a potentially effective scaffold for bone healing, when PLGA nanospheres-which contain the drug PIO-are combined with ATP/PVA/GEL scaffolds.