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1.
Front Microbiol ; 14: 1239855, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37779720

RESUMEN

The utilization of industrial and agricultural resources, such as desulfurization gypsum and straw, is increasingly favored to improve saline alkali land. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive study on the mechanism of organic carbon turnover under the conditions of desulfurization gypsum and straw application. We studied the changes in soil chemical performance, microbial diversity, and microbial community structure in soils with the addition of various levels of straw (no straw, S0; low straw, Sl; medium straw, Sm; and high straw, Sh) and gypsum (no gypsum, DG0; low gypsum, DGl; and high gypsum, DGh) in a 120-day incubation experiment. The bacterial and fungal community richness was higher in the SmDGl treatment than in the SmDG0 treatment. The microbial community evenness showed a similar pattern between the SmDGl and SmDG0 treatments. The combination of the straw and desulfurization gypsum treatments altered the relative abundance of the main bacterial phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes and the dominant fungal class Sordariomycetes, which increased with the enhancement of the SOC ratio. The combination of the straw and desulfurization gypsum treatments, particularly SmDGl, significantly decreased the soil pH and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), while it increased the soil organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, and activities of soil enzymes. Improvement in the soil salinization environment clearly drove the changes in bacterial α-diversity and community, particularly those in the soil carbon fractions and ESP. In conclusion, these findings provide a strong framework to determine the impact of application practices on soil restoration, and the information gained in this study will help to develop more sustainable and effective integrated strategies for the restoration of saline-alkali soil.

2.
Huan Jing Ke Xue ; 44(7): 4119-4129, 2023 Jul 08.
Artículo en Chino | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37438309

RESUMEN

In order to explore the effect of combining straw and desulphurized gypsum on improving coastal saline-alkali soil, taking the alkaline saline soil in the Yellow River Delta as the research object, six treatments including the control (CK), desulphurized gypsum (DG), medium straw amount (MS), desulphurized gypsum+low straw amount (DGLS), desulphurized gypsum+medium straw amount (DGMS), and desulphurized gypsum+high straw amount (DGHS) were set up through a field location experiment. Combined with the aggregate classification method, the changes in bulk density, total porosity, pH, soluble salt content, microbial biomass carbon, dissolved organic carbon, new carbon, and aggregate organic carbon of coastal saline alkali soil under different treatments were compared. The results showed that the MS and DGHS treatments significantly reduced soil bulk density and increased soil total porosity, water content, and average weight diameter. The pH and exchange sodium percentage decreased significantly under all treatments, and there was no significant difference. DG treatment significantly reduced the soil sodium adsorption ratio. Compared with that in the MS treatment, the soil sodium adsorption ratio of DGLS, DGMS, and DGHS showed a further decreasing trend, with a decrease range of 57%-66%. Compared with MS, soil soluble Na+ decreased by 27.92%, 32.23%, and 20.15% under the DGLS, DGMS, and DGHS treatments, whereas the soil soluble Ca2+ and SO42- contents increased significantly. Compared with that in CK, all treatments could significantly reduce Cl- content, and there was no significant difference among all treatments. Compared with that in MS, microbial biomass carbon and dissolved organic carbon were significantly increased by 113% and 147% by DGMS and 22.81% and 28.24% by DGHS, respectively. The new carbon formation of DGLS, DGMS, and DGHS was 67%, 114%, and 175% higher than that of MS, respectively. The average size proportion of fine aggregates treated by DGLS, DGMS, and DGHS was 29.12% higher than that treated by MS. Straw returning and application of desulfurized gypsum increased the organic carbon content of coarse aggregates and fine aggregates in salinized soil. The average value of new carbon formation in coarse aggregates and fine aggregates treated by DGMS and DGHS was 233% and 142% higher than that treated by MS, respectively. Desulphurized gypsum applied to soil did not lead to soil heavy metal pollution, and the soil heavy metal content of different treatments was lower than the secondary standard of the soil environmental quality standard. These results can provide scientific basis for the improvement and utilization of coastal saline-alkali soil and the comprehensive utilization of industrial and agricultural wastes in the Yellow River Delta.

4.
Front Microbiol ; 13: 926506, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35923390

RESUMEN

Soil fertility can be improved by effectively utilizing agricultural waste. Straw can supply energy and wood ash adds nutrients to improve soil quality. However, few kinds of research have investigated the effect of wood ash and straw on soil carbon sequestration and the soil bacterial population, particularly in calcareous soils. The main goal of this current study was to quantify the impact of a combination of wood ash and straw on the indicators described above using stable δ13C isotope analyses by applying wheat straw to calcareous soil under a long-term C4 crop rotation. The incubation experiment included four treatments as follows: (i) no amendment (Control); (ii) amendment with wood ash (W); (iii) amendment with straw (S); and (iv) a combined amendment of straw and wood ash (SW). Our results showed that sequestration of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) in the SW and W treatments was higher (an average of 7.78%) than that in the S and Control treatments. The sequestered soil organic carbon (SOC) in the SW treatment was 1.25-fold greater than that in the S treatment, while there was no evident effect on the SOC content compared with straw alone. The microbial biomass carbon increased under SW by 143.33%, S by 102.23%, and W by 13.89% relative to control. The dissolved organic carbon increased under SW by 112.0%, S by 66.61%, and W by 37.33% relative to the control. The pH and electrical conductivity were higher in the SW and W treatments than in the S treatment and the control. The SW was conducive to maintaining soil enzymatic activities and bacterial diversity. Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteriota were dominant in SW, while the Acidobacteria phyla were dominant in the S treatment. The diversity of bacteria in the soil and community composition of the bacteria were predominantly assessed by the levels of water-soluble K, pH, and electrical conductivity. The incorporation of straw and wood ash is probably more effective at improving SIC and SOC sequestration and ameliorates the soil microhabitat.

5.
J Immunol ; 206(9): 2160-2169, 2021 05 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33863788

RESUMEN

IL-27, a heterodimeric cytokine of the IL-12 family, has diverse influences on the development of multiple inflammatory diseases. In this study, we identified the protective role of IL-27/IL-27R in host defense against Chlamydia muridarum respiratory infection and further investigated the immunological mechanism. Our results showed that IL-27 was involved in C. muridarum infection and that IL-27R knockout mice (WSX-1-/- mice) suffered more severe disease, with greater body weight loss, higher chlamydial loads, and more severe inflammatory reactions in the lungs than C57BL/6 wild-type mice. There were excessive IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells and many more neutrophils, neutrophil-related proteins, cytokines, and chemokines in the lungs of WSX-1-/- mice than in wild-type mice following C. muridarum infection. In addition, IL-17/IL-17A-blocking Ab treatment improved disease after C. muridarum infection in WSX-1-/- mice. Overall, we conclude that IL-27/IL-27R mediates protective immunity during chlamydial respiratory infection in mice by suppressing excessive Th17 responses and reducing neutrophil inflammation.


Asunto(s)
Inflamación/inmunología , Interleucinas/inmunología , Neutrófilos/inmunología , Receptores de Interleucina/inmunología , Animales , Chlamydia muridarum/inmunología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Receptores de Interleucina/deficiencia , Células Th17/inmunología
6.
J Immunol ; 206(7): 1586-1596, 2021 04 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33608454

RESUMEN

The IL-21/IL-21R interaction plays an important role in a variety of immune diseases; however, the roles and mechanisms in intracellular bacterial infection are not fully understood. In this study, we explored the effect of IL-21/IL-21R on chlamydial respiratory tract infection using a chlamydial respiratory infection model. The results showed that the mRNA expression of IL-21 and IL-21R was increased in Chlamydia muridarum-infected mice, which suggested that IL-21 and IL-21R were involved in host defense against C. muridarum lung infection. IL-21R-/- mice exhibited less body weight loss, a lower bacterial burden, and milder pathological changes in the lungs than wild-type (WT) mice during C. muridarum lung infection. The absolute number and activity of CD4+ T cells and the strength of Th1/Th17 responses in IL-21R-/- mice were significantly higher than those in WT mice after C. muridarum lung infection, but the Th2 response was weaker. Consistently, IL-21R-/- mice showed higher mRNA expression of Th1 transcription factors (T-bet/STAT4), IL-12p40, a Th17 transcription factor (STAT3), and IL-23. The mRNA expression of Th2 transcription factors (GATA3/STAT6), IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-ß in IL-21R-/- mice was significantly lower than that in WT mice. Furthermore, the administration of recombinant mouse IL-21 aggravated chlamydial lung infection in C57BL/6 mice and reduced Th1 and Th17 responses following C. muridarum lung infection. These findings demonstrate that IL-21/IL-21R may aggravate chlamydial lung infection by inhibiting Th1 and Th17 responses.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Chlamydia/inmunología , Chlamydia muridarum/inmunología , Interleucinas/metabolismo , Pulmón/inmunología , Receptores de Interleucina-21/metabolismo , Subgrupos de Linfocitos T/inmunología , Células TH1/inmunología , Células Th17/inmunología , Animales , Femenino , Inflamación , Espacio Intracelular , Ratones , Receptores de Interleucina-21/genética , Factor de Transcripción STAT3/genética , Transducción de Señal , Proteínas de Dominio T Box/genética
7.
Microb Pathog ; 129: 106-111, 2019 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30703475

RESUMEN

Chlamydia is an obligate intracellular bacteria, which can infect cervix, urethra, conjunctiva, joints, lungs and so on. Neutrophils are important in host protection against microbial invasion during the early phase of infection. Here, to investigate the mechanism of IL-17A in recruiting neutrophils during Chlamydia muridarum (Cm) lung infection, we introduced IL-17A antibodies and IL-17-/- mice to confirm the effect of IL-17A on influencing neutrophil attractants expressions. From the analysis of the data, we found that showed that Cm infection could upregulate the expression of neutrophil-related chemokines such as KC, MIP-2 and IL-6, as well as adhesion molecules including ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. With blocking endogenous IL-17A, the upregulated MIP-2 and IL-6 were decreased, which induced less neutrophil recruitment in lung. Comparing to WT mice, IL-17-/- mice showed decreased infiltration of neutrophils in lung during the early phase of Cm infection, which were accordant with decreased chemokines, such as KC, MIP-2 and IL-6 expression. Whereas, the expression of adhesion molecules including ICAM and VCAM-1 in lungs were significantly increased in IL-17-/- mice comparing to WT mice during Cm lung infection. The results demonstrated that IL-17A influenced neutrophil infiltration by affecting expression of chemokines and adhesion molecules during the early phase of chlamydial lung infection.


Asunto(s)
Quimiocinas/metabolismo , Infecciones por Chlamydia/patología , Chlamydia muridarum/patogenicidad , Interleucina-17/metabolismo , Infiltración Neutrófila/efectos de los fármacos , Neumonía Bacteriana/patología , Animales , Infecciones por Chlamydia/inmunología , Chlamydia muridarum/inmunología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Interleucina-17/antagonistas & inhibidores , Interleucina-17/deficiencia , Pulmón/patología , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Neumonía Bacteriana/inmunología
8.
Hortic Res ; 6: 11, 2019.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30603096

RESUMEN

Deciphering the genetic control of grape berry traits is crucial for optimizing yield, fruit quality, and consumer acceptability. In this study, an association panel of 179 grape genotypes comprising a mixture of ancient cultivars, landraces, and modern varieties collected worldwide were genotyped with genotyping-by-sequencing using a genome-wide association approach based on 32,311 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Genome-wide efficient mixed-model association was selected as the optimal statistical model based on the results of known control loci of grape berry color traits. Many of the associated SNPs identified in this study were in accordance with the previous QTL analyses using biparental mapping. The grape skin color locus was found to be associated with a mybA transcription factor on chromosome 2. Two strong and distinct association signals associated with berry development periods were found on chromosome 16. Most candidate genes of the interval were highlighted as receptor-like protein kinase. For berry weight, significant association loci were identified on chromosome 18, as previously known, and on chromosome 19 and chromosome 17, as newly mapped. Berry flesh texture was newly located on chromosome 16; candidate genes in the interval were related to calcium. Berry flavor was determined on chromosome 5. Genomic regions were further investigated to reveal candidate genes. In this work, we identified interesting genetic determinants of grape berry-related traits. The identification of the markers closely associated with these berry traits may be useful for grape molecular breeding.

9.
PLoS One ; 13(10): e0205361, 2018.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30304053

RESUMEN

Increasing organic carbon sequestration in agricultural soils is important for improving soil fertility and mitigating climate change. Wood ash is generally applied as a potassium fertilizer, but the effects of simultaneous incorporation of wood ash and crop straw on the turnover of soil organic carbon (SOC) and inorganic carbon (SIC) are not well understood. In this study, a 118-day lab incubation experiment was conducted using a calcareous soil (with 10 years of continuous maize cropping history) to study the effects of adding wheat straw, wood ash and lime. Our study showed that straw addition led to an increase in both SOC (19%) and SIC (3%). Wood ash and lime addition decreased CO2 emission by 182 and 1210 mg kg-1 and increased SIC by 125 and 1001 mg kg-1 during the incubation, respectively, which was due to supply of CaO from wood ash and lime. The increase of SOC content was 2.4% due to the addition of lime. In addition to straw addition enhanced straw-derived OC content, the addition of lime also increased straw-derived OC content by 34.5%. This study demonstrated that lime was more effective in reducing CO2 emission and and enhancing SOC than wood ash. In conclusion, adding lime to calcareous soil might be an effective method of enhancing carbon sequestration and slowing climate change.


Asunto(s)
Carbonato de Calcio/química , Secuestro de Carbono , Tallos de la Planta/química , Suelo/química , Triticum/química , Agricultura , Análisis de Varianza , Carbonato de Calcio/metabolismo , Carbono/análisis , Carbono/metabolismo , Dióxido de Carbono/análisis , Dióxido de Carbono/metabolismo , Productos Agrícolas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Tallos de la Planta/metabolismo , Triticum/metabolismo , Zea mays/crecimiento & desarrollo
10.
Mediators Inflamm ; 2018: 6265746, 2018.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29670466

RESUMEN

Our previous studies showed that γδ T cells provided immune protection against Chlamydial muridarum (Cm), an obligate intracellular strain of chlamydia trachomatis, lung infection by producing abundant IL-17. In this study, we investigated the proliferation and activation of lung γδ T cell subsets, specifically the IL-17 and IFNγ production by them following Cm lung infection. Our results found that five γδ T cell subsets, Vγ1+ T, Vγ2+ T, Vγ4+ T, Vγ5+ T, and Vγ6+ T, expressed in lungs of naïve mice, while Cm lung infection mainly induced the proliferation and activation of Vγ4+ T cells at day 3 p.i., following Vγ1+ T cells at day 7 p.i. Cytokine detection showed that Cm lung infection induced IFNγ secretion firstly by Vγ4+ T cells at very early stage (day 3) and changed to Vγ1+ T cells at midstage (day 7). Furthermore, Vγ4+ T cell is the main γδ T cell subset that secretes IL-17 at the very early stage of Cm lung infection and Vγ1+ T cell did not secrete IL-17 during the infection. These findings provide in vivo evidence that Vγ4+T cells are the major IL-17 and IFNγ-producing γδ T cell subsets at the early period of Cm lung infection.


Asunto(s)
Citocinas/metabolismo , Interferón gamma/metabolismo , Interleucina-17/metabolismo , Linfocitos T/metabolismo , Animales , Pulmón/metabolismo , Pulmón/patología , Ratones
11.
Plant Physiol Biochem ; 118: 634-642, 2017 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28806719

RESUMEN

Enzymes and non-enzyme elements related to the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbic acid (AsA), glutathione (GSH), NADPH oxidase (NOX), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2-), lipoxygenase (LOX) and malondialdehyde (MDA), were measured in 'Kyoho' and its early ripening bud mutant 'Fengzao' to compare ROS level changes and investigate the potential roles of ROS in grape berry development and the ripening process. In addition, the anthocyanin and sugar contents as well as berry diameter were also investigated at different berry development stages. The results showed that the H2O2 content and LOX activity exhibited obviously different trends between 'Fengzao' and 'Kyoho' during the berry development stages. Before berry softening, the SOD activity, LOX activity and H2O2 content were significant lower in 'Fengzao' than in 'Kyoho', but there were no significant differences in the production rate of O2-, ROS scavengers (CAT, AsA, GSH) and MDA content between them, which indicated that the higher oxidation status in 'Fengzao'. It may promote the faster development of 'Fengzao' berry than 'Kyoho' before berry softening (EL31-33). The significant higher LOX and CAT activities at EL-34, as well as significant higher LOX activity and H2O2 content at EL-35 in 'Fengzao' than in 'Kyoho' indicated H2O2 was acted as the appropriate oxidative stress factor and the signal molecule to further accelerate the berry ripening of 'Fengzao'. The increasing O2- and H2O2 after EL-35 in 'Fengzao' further promoted the ripening process. Furthermore, after the spraying of 300 µmol/L H2O2 solution on 'Kyoho' at EL-31 stage, the berries matured 15 days earlier than the untreated. Evidence in this study indicated that the overall oxidation status (ROS levels) in 'Fengzao' is higher than in 'Kyoho' and H2O2 could promote the early ripening of 'Kyoho' berry.


Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Frutas/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Mutación , Oxidorreductasas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Vitis/metabolismo , Frutas/genética , Oxidorreductasas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Vitis/genética
12.
Cell Mol Immunol ; 14(10): 850-861, 2017 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27796286

RESUMEN

The role of IL-17A is important in protection against lung infection with Chlamydiae, an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen. In this study, we explored the producers of IL-17A in chlamydial lung infection and specifically tested the role of major IL-17A producers in protective immunity. We found that γδT cells and Th17 cells are the major producers of IL-17A at the early and later stages of chlamydial infection, respectively. Depletion of γδT cells in vivo at the early postinfection (p.i.) stage, when most γδT cells produce IL-17A, failed to alter Th1 responses and bacterial clearance. In contrast, the blockade of IL-17A at the time when IL-17A was mainly produced by Th17 (day 7 p.i.) markedly reduced the Th1 response and increased chlamydial growth. The data suggest that the γδ T cell is the highest producer of IL-17A in the very early stages of infection, but the protection conferred by IL-17A is mainly mediated by Th17 cells. In addition, we found that depletion of γδ T cells reduced IL-1α production by dendritic cells, which was associated with a reduced Th17 response. This finding is helpful to understand the variable role of IL-17A in different infections and to develop preventive and therapeutic approaches against infectious diseases by targeting IL-17A.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Chlamydia/inmunología , Chlamydiaceae/fisiología , Células Dendríticas/inmunología , Interleucina-17/metabolismo , Pulmón/inmunología , Células TH1/inmunología , Células Th17/inmunología , Animales , Carga Bacteriana , Células Cultivadas , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunidad Innata , Interleucina-1alfa/metabolismo , Pulmón/microbiología , Depleción Linfocítica , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfocitos T gamma-delta/metabolismo
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