Application of prohexadione-calcium priming affects Brassica napus L. seedlings by regulating morph-physiological characteristics under salt stress.

Salinity stress imposes severe constraints on plant growth and development. Here, we explored the impacts of prohexadione-calcium (Pro-Ca) on rapeseed growth under salt stress. We designed a randomized block design pot experiment using two rapeseed varieties, 'Huayouza 158R' and 'Huayouza 62'. We conducted six treatments, S0: non-primed + 0 mM NaCl, Pro-Ca+S0: Pro-Ca primed + 0 mM NaCl, S100: non-primed + 100 mM NaCl, Pro-Ca+S100: Pro-Ca primed + 100 mM NaCl, S150: non-primed + 150 mM NaCl, Pro-Ca+S150: Pro-Ca primed + 150 mM NaCl. The morphophysiological characteristics, and osmoregulatory and antioxidant activities were compared for primed and non-primed varieties. Our data analysis showed that salt stress induced morph-physiological traits and significantly reduced the antioxidant enzyme activities in both rapeseed varieties. The Pro-Ca primed treatment significantly improved seedlings, root, and shoot morphological traits and accumulated more dry matter biomass under salt stress. Compared to Huayouza 158R, Huayouza 62 performed better with the Pro-Ca primed treatment. The Pro-Ca primed treatment significantly enhanced chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), and actual photochemical quantum efficiency (ФPSII). Furthermore, the Pro-Ca primed treatment also improved ascorbic acid (ASA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity, and stimulated the accumulation of soluble proteins. These findings strongly suggested that the Pro-Ca primed treatment may effectively counteract the negative impacts of salinity stress by regulating the morph-physiological and antioxidant traits.

Midbody remnant regulates the formation of primary cilia and their roles in tumor growth. / ä¸­é—´ä½“æ®‹ä½“ä¸Žåˆçº§çº¤æ¯›çš„å ³ç³»åŠå ¶åœ¨è‚¿ç˜¤ç”Ÿé•¿ä¸­çš„ä½œç”¨.

Recent studies have shown that the formation of the primary cilium is associated with a specific cellular organelle known as the midbody remnant (MBR), which is a point-like organelle formed by shedding of the midbody at the end of mitosis. MBRs move along the cell surface close to the center body and regulate it to form primary cilia at the top of the centriole. Primary cilia can act as an organelle to inhibit tumorigenesis, and it is lost in a variety of tumors. Studies have shown that the accumulation of MBRs in tumor cells affects ciliogenesis; in addition, both MBRs and primary cilia are degraded in tumor cells through the autophagy pathway, and MBRs can also transfer tumor signaling pathway factors to primary cilia affecting tumorigenesis. In this article, the basic structure and the formation process of MBR and primary cilia are reviewed and the mechanism of MBRs regulating ciliogenesis is elaborated. The significance of MBR-mediated ciliogenesis in tumorigenesis and its potential as a target for cancer treatment are discussed.

SHCBP1 Overexpression Aggravates Pancreatitis by Triggering the Loss of Primary Cilia.

Primary cilia are microtubule-based organelles that mediate various biological processes. Pancreatic cells are typically ciliated; however, the role of primary cilia in acute pancreatitis (AP) is largely unknown. Here, we report that the loss of primary cilia, mediated by SHCBP1 (SHC1 binding protein), exerted a provocative effect on AP. Primary cilia are extensively lost in inflamed pancreatic cells in vitro and in mouse tissues with AP in vivo. Abrogation of primary cilia aggravated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in pancreatic cells. Mechanistically, AP induced the overexpression of SHCBP1 mitotic factor, which is localized to the base of primary cilia. SHCBP1 deficiency relieved LPS- and cerulein-induced pancreatitis by preventing the loss of primary cilia in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, we reveal that inflammation-induced loss of primary cilia aggravates AP. Furthermore, abrogating SHCBP1 to prevent primary cilia loss is an efficient strategy to combat AP.

PICH Activates Cyclin A1 Transcription to Drive S-Phase Progression and Chemoresistance in Gastric Cancer.

The chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) remains the backbone of postoperative adjuvant treatment for gastric cancer. However, fewer than half of patients with gastric cancer benefit from 5-FU-based chemotherapies owing to chemoresistance and limited clinical biomarkers. Here, we identified the SNF2 protein Polo-like kinase 1-interacting checkpoint helicase (PICH) as a predictor of 5-FU chemosensitivity and characterized a transcriptional function of PICH distinct from its role in chromosome separation. PICH formed a transcriptional complex with RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and ATF4 at the CCNA1 promoter in an ATPase-dependent manner. Binding of the PICH complex promoted cyclin A1 transcription and accelerated S-phase progression. Overexpressed PICH impaired 5-FU chemosensitivity in human organoids and patient-derived xenografts. Furthermore, elevated PICH expression was negatively correlated with survival in postoperative patients receiving 5-FU chemotherapy. Together, these findings reveal an ATPase-dependent transcriptional function of PICH that promotes cyclin A1 transcription to drive 5-FU chemoresistance, providing a potential predictive biomarker of 5-FU chemosensitivity for postoperative patients with gastric cancer and prompting further investigation into the transcriptional activity of PICH. SIGNIFICANCE: PICH binds Pol II and ATF4 in an ATPase-dependent manner to form a transcriptional complex that promotes cyclin A1 expression, accelerates S-phase progression, and impairs 5-FU chemosensitivity in gastric cancer.

Ru-Coated metal-organic framework-derived Co-based particles embedded in porous N-doped carbon nanocubes as a catalytic cathode for a Li-O2 battery.

Co4N/Co-NC was synthesized through pyrolysis of ZIF-67 and modified with Ru nanoparticles to form Ru-Co4N/Co-NC. The resulting Ru-Co4N/Co-NC is used as a cathode for a Li-O2 battery, which shows good electrochemical performances.

Cross-Sectional Information on Pore Structure and Element Distribution of Sediment Particles by SEM and EDS.

The interaction between pollutants and sediment particles often occurs on the particle surface, so surface properties directly affect surface reaction. The physical and chemical processes occurring on sediment particle surfaces are microscopic processes and as such need to be studied from a microscopic perspective. In this study, field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) were adopted to observe and analyze the pore structure and element distribution of sediment particles. In particular, a special method of sample preparation was used to achieve the corresponding cross-sectional information of sediment particles. Clear images of a particle profile and pore microstructure were obtained by high-resolution SEM, while element distribution maps of sediment particles were obtained by EDS. The results provide an intuitive understanding of the internal microenvironment and external behavior of sediment particles, in addition to revealing a significant role of pore microstructure in the adsorption and desorption of pollutants. Thus, a combination of different experimental instruments and observation methods can provide real images and information on microscopic pore structure and element distribution of sediment particles. These results should help to improve our understanding of sediment dynamics and its environmental effects.

Preparation of titania nanotubes and their environmental applications as electrode.

Titanium oxide nanotubes were successfully grown from a titanium plate by direct anodic oxidation with 0.2 wt % hydrofluoric acid being the supporting electrolyte. These nanotubes are of uniform size and are well-aligned into high-density arrays. They look like honeywell with the structure similar to that of porous alumina obtained by the same technique. TiO2 anatase phase was identified by X-ray diffraction. Significant blue-shift in the spectrum of UV- vis absorption was observed. The mechanism of the novel, simple, and direct growth of the nanotubes was postulated. To investigate their potentials in environmental applications, degradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in aqueous solution was carried out using photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) processes, comparing with electrochemical process (EP) and photocatalytic (PC). A significant photoelectrochemical synergetic effect was observed. The kinetic constant of PEC degradation of PCP using TiO2 nanotubes electrode was 86.5% higher than that using TiO2 film electrode. In degrading PCP, 70% of TOC was removed using the TiO2 nanotubes electrode against 50% removed using TiO2 film electrode formed by sol-gel method in 4 h under similar conditions.