Differences between healthy adults and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in reactivity of toe microcirculation by ultrasound combined with a warm bath test.

The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility and clinical value of ultrasound combined with a warm bath test in assessing the differences in reactivity of toe microcirculation between healthy adults and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).A total of 56 T2DM patients were recruited as case group, whereas 50 healthy volunteers were enrolled as control group.Fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in T2DM group were significantly higher than in control group. Under stationary condition, peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), and mean velocity (MV) were lower, but pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) were higher in patients with T2DM than in controls both in dorsalis pedis artery (DPA) and plantar digital artery (PDA). On response to the warm test, PSV, EDV, and MV increased and PI and RI decreased both in DPA and PDA in these 2 groups. Moreover, the change rate in PSV, EDV, MV, PI, and RI of PDA was significantly lower in T2DM group than in control group.Color Doppler combined with a warm bath test may be used as a new method in evaluating the differences in reactivity of distal limb microvascular between healthy adults and patients with T2DM.

Association of SLC30A8 gene polymorphism with type 2 diabetes, evidence from 46 studies: a meta-analysis.

The solute carrier family 30 member 8 (SLC30A8) gene may be involved in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through disrupting ß-cell function. The aim of this study was to assess the association between SLC30A8 rs13266634 polymorphism and susceptibility to T2DM. We searched all reports regarding the association between SLC30A8 rs13266634 polymorphism and T2DM risk through Pubmed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for English language reports and Chongqing VIP database, Wanfang data, CBMDisc, and CNKI for Chinese language studies. Allelic and genotype comparisons between cases and controls were evaluated, and odds ratios with 95 % confidence intervals were used to assess the strength of their association. A random effects model was selected. Publication bias was estimated using Begg's test. Forty-six studies were included in the analysis with a total of 71,890 cases and 96,753 controls. This meta-analysis suggests that SLC30A8 (rs13266634) polymorphism was associated with T2DM risk. Although previous meta-analyses have shown that this association was only found in Asian and European groups, and not in African populations, our analysis revealed the deleterious effect of SLC30A8 rs13266634 on T2DM in an African population when stratified by ethnicity under additive model even with a small number of studies.

Efficacy and safety of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists for patients with heart failure and diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to systematically assess the efficacy and safety of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) for patients with heart failure (HF) and diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search for controlled studies that evaluated the efficacy and safety of MRAs in patients with DM and HF. Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched. Two reviewers independently identified citations, extracted data and evaluated quality. Risk estimations were abstracted and pooled where appropriate. RESULTS: Four observational studies were included. MRAs use was associated with reduced mortality compared with controls (RR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.69-0.88; I(2) = 0%; P < 0.001). Increased risk of developing hyperkalaemia was observed in those patients taking MRAs (RR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.27-2.38; I(2) = 0%; P = 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS: The current cumulative evidence suggests that MRAs can improve clinical outcomes but increase the risk of hyperkalaemia in patients with DM and HF. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42015025690 .

[CpG-ODN activation of TLR9 signaling pathways and NF-κB in STZ-induced diabetic rats].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the mRNA and protein expression of TLR9, NF-κB and serum level of Th1/Th2 cytokines when stimulated with different concentration of CpG-ODN in STZ-induced diabetic rats. METHODS: 40 SD male rats were randomly divided into four groups:normal control group (Group I), type 1 diabetes control group (Group II), low-dose CpG-ODN treated type 1 diabetes group (Group III), high dose CpG-ODN treated type 1 diabetes group (Group IV). 60 µg /kg and 120 µg /kg CpG-ODN were injected to rats of Group III and IV when inducing type 1 diabetes model.mRNA and protein levels of TLR9 and NF-κB in spleen and pancreas were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blotting.Serum TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-γ were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: TLR9 protein expression levels were much higher in spleen than in the pancreas among these four groups. In spleen, TLR9 and NF-κB mRNA and protein level were significantly higher in Group III and IV than those in Group I and II, and the expression level was higher in Group IV than in Group III. In pancreas, TLR9 and NF-κB protein level were significantly higher in Group III and IV than those in Group I and II, and the expression level was also higher in Group IV than Group III.Serum TNF-α and IFN-γ level in Group III and IV significantly higher than in Group I and II, and serum levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ in Group IV was higher than in Group III. CONCLUSIONS: CpG-ODN activation of TLR9-MyD88 signaling pathways results in dose-effect NF-κB stimulation in STZ-induced diabetic rats.