[The gender aspects of changes in mortality during COVID-19 pandemic as exemplified by Moscow].

The mortality is a major component of damage caused by COVID-19. The comparative analysis of changes in mortality was carried out on the basis of the ROSSTAT data over 2012-2020 to determine differences in losses of male and female population caused by pandemic in Moscow. It is demonstrated that at close trends in mortality of males and females before pandemic, in 2020 their mortality changed differently. At equal increase of male and female mortality, main contribution into excess mortality (excluding contribution of COVID-19) was made approximately equally by diseases of nervous system and circulatory system in males and diseases of nervous system in females. The male mortality from COVID-19 is 1.9 times higher than female mortality. As a result of younger average age of death the amount of economic losses in terms of years of potential life lost (PYLL) due to premature death of males because of COVID-19 exceeds economic losses due to premature death of females up to 2 times. Although the average age of death of females from all causes decreased by smaller amount, their values of PYLL increased more, mainly due to higher rate of female mortality from disease of nervous system and from mortality related to drug addiction. In Moscow, the highest increase of PYLL is conditioned by dearth related to drug addiction and alcohol consumption. In the structure of this indicator in males they are ranked fourth and fifth. In females, alcohol-related deaths are ranked as sixth and drug-related deaths as eighth. The pandemic, contributing into increase in economic losses, didn't change their leading causes: diseases of circulatory system, external causes and neoplasms in males; neoplasms, diseases of circulatory system and external causes in females. The value of PYLL due to death from COVID-19 takes sixth place in males and fourth place in females.

[ELDERLY CARDIAC PATIENTS: SELF-REPORTED HEALTH STATUS].

INTRODUCTION: Thanks to advances in science and medicine, the threshold age of a patient who can undergo open surgery on the valves of the heart or coronary arteries is increasing every year. Elderly patients constitute a special group in this regard. AIM: Determine how elderly cardiac patients assess their health status and highlight the factors influencing it. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The results of a survey of 107 patients who are in the Department of cardiac rehabilitation of the A. N. Bakulev National Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Surgery in 2020-2021 after surgical or endovascular treatment of cardiac pathology. The survey is carried out by a cardiologist using a questionnaire that allows you to characterize the patient's health status on the basis of self-esteem. Statistical data processing was carried out in Microsoft Office Excel 2003 and Statistica v. 6.0 programs. RESULTS: The majority of respondents (63.6%) assessed their state of health as satisfactory. No correlation was found between the state of health and the level of education. On average, the patients had 3.7 ± 1.8 chronic diseases. Obesity was observed in 29.4% of men and 68.8% of women. The body mass index did not correlate with the self-reported health status of the respondents, but it did correlate with the number of accumulated diseases (r = 0.42, t-statistic = 2.58). CONCLUSIONS: Recovery of elderly patients after cardiac surgery is progressing rapidly. In women, the recovery process is slower due to the greater number of associated pathologies. Old age is not a direct contraindication for cardiac surgery. When self-assessing their health status, elderly patients do not associate it with risk factors.

[Evolution of loss due to event of undetermined intent among the Moscow working-age population in the 2000s].

Accuracy of statistical registration of mortality in Russia, especially in times of crisis, is a pressing and relevant issue; this problem was challenging Moscow in the 2000s: until recently, the capital was a complete outsider in terms of accuracy of statistical registration of mortality. The purpose of the study was to identify peculiar features of evolution and the structure of mortality from an event of undetermined intent among Moscow working-age population in the 2000s against the background of the processes taking place in Russia. The article analyzes mortality from an event of undetermined intent among Moscow population of young and old working age in the 2000s, as well as its nosological aspects in 2011-2018, when certain events of undetermined intent were separated as individual nosological units. A sharp decline in indicators in 1999-2000 and their growth in 2015-2017 have been identified. It is shown that these shifts were due to all leading events of undetermined intent (falls/jumps from a high place, hanging/strangulation/suffocation, medicament, alcohol and drug poisoning as well as specified and unspecified events). As a result, the structure of mortality after 2015 has significantly changed due to a sharp increase in the significance of alcohol, medicament and especially drug poisoning. It should be emphasized that in the 2010s the significance of latent suicide in all age and gender groups of Moscow working-age population is significantly higher than in Russia.