Abstracts From the First Annual Research Day Hosted by the Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Novi, Michigan, May 15, 2023.

The Spartan Medical Research Journal (SMRJ) is pleased to publish abstracts from the First Annual Research Day hosted by the Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine (MSUCOM), held in Novi, Michigan, on May 15, 2023. Sponsored by MSUCOM, the Statewide Campus System (SCS), and Research, Innovation, and Scholarly Engagement (RISE), this event showcased a total of 139 selected research abstracts following a meticulous blinded review by the MSUCOM Research Day Planning Committee and SMRJ editorial staff. These abstracts were subsequently presented at the MSUCOM First Annual Research Day in 2023, with awards for exceptional oral and poster presentations conferred on May 15, 2023. Of the 139 presentations that were ultimately chosen, 45 authors consented and elected to have their abstracts published in SMRJ. The abstracts from 2023 encompass a wide array of contemporary medical and clinical subjects, incorporating a variety of research designs that cover basic science, clinical research, case reports, medical education, and quality improvement. While abstracts offer concise overview of research projects or presentations, they do not permit a comprehensive evaluation of the scientific rigor employed in the respective works. Although these abstracts offer preliminary results that may necessitate further refinement and validation, they serve a vital function in disseminating novel research concepts and advancements in the discipline of medicine. This knowledge-sharing promotes meaningful dialogue among researchers, clinicians, and educators, thereby making a valuable contribution to the collective body of knowledge in the fields of medical sciences and osteopathic medicine. Andrea Amalfitano, DO, PhD Osteopathic Heritage Foundation Professor of Pediatrics, Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Professor, BioMolecular Science Gateway Editor-in-Chief, Spartan Medical Research Journal (SMRJ) MSU College of Osteopathic Medicine- Statewide Campus System C. Patricia Obando S., PhD Associate Dean and DIO, Graduate Medical Education Associate Professor- MSU College of Osteopathic Medicine- Statewide Campus System Rana Ismail, PhD, MSc, CPHQ Director of Research Editor, Spartan Medical Research Journal (SMRJ) MSU College of Osteopathic Medicine- Statewide Campus System Francis Akenami, BMLS, PhD, MSc, FIMLS Managing Editor Spartan Medical Research Journal (SMRJ) MSU College of Osteopathic Medicine- Statewide Campus System.

Re-evaluating the gender gap: a cross-sectional analysis of accepted American Academy of Neurology annual meeting abstracts in 2020 and 2021.

Background and objective: Prior studies reveal that invited speaker panels, editorial boards, authors of practice guidelines, and senior authors of published articles are disproportionately male in the neurology field. We aimed to analyze a gender gap in authorship of accepted abstracts to the American Academy of Neurology annual meetings in 2020 and 2021. Design/methods: This is a cross-sectional study evaluating the proportions of female first and senior abstract authors in 2020 and 2021. Abstracts were reviewed manually (n = 3,211 in 2020; n = 2,178 in 2021). Data were collected regarding the gender of first and senior authors, subspecialties, and origin of research (USA, international, or corporate-affiliated). Then, we compared the percentages of female first and senior authors in the 2 years to assess for any short-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Accepted abstracts with female first and senior authors comprised 46%, 34% in 2020, and the same in 2021, without change. Female senior authors had a significantly higher proportion of female first authors than their male senior author counterparts. The analysis of subspecialties with more than 100 abstracts showed the lowest percentages of female senior authors was oncology (24.7%), sleep (25.5%), headache (28.7%), and cerebrovascular disease (29%) in 2020. Cerebrovascular disease (29%) and behavioral neurology (24.7%) had the lowest percentage of female senior authors in 2021. In the analysis of the origin of research, corporate-affiliated authors had the lowest percentages of female first (34 and 36%) and senior authors (22.6 and 27.6%). Conclusion: The gender gap in neurology was reaffirmed in regards to female senior authorship overall and in subgroups of abstracts including cerebrovascular disease, headache, behavioral neurology, sleep, oncology, and corporate-affiliated research.

Welcome to the 2024 ACMT Annual Scientific Meeting.

Two hundred sixteen abstracts were selected for presentation at the 2024 American College of Medical Toxicology (ACMT) Annual Scientific Meeting on April 12-14, 2024, in Washington, DC. The quality and breadth of toxicology scholarship continues to grow as our field expands. The complete 2024 ASM abstract book in the April issue of JMT includes original research studies from around the world and the ToxIC Investigators Consortium, clinically significant case reports describing toxicologic phenomena, and selected encore research presentations from other scientific meetings.

Extracting Drug-Protein Relation from Literature Using Ensembles of Biomedical Transformers.

Automatic extraction of relations between drugs/chemicals and proteins from ever-growing biomedical literature is required to build up-to-date knowledge bases in biomedicine. To promote the development of automated methods, BioCreative-VII organized a shared task - the DrugProt track, to recognize drug-protein entity relations from PubMed abstracts. We participated in the shared task and leveraged deep learning-based transformer models pre-trained on biomedical data to build ensemble approaches to automatically extract drug-protein relation from biomedical literature. On the main corpora of 10,750 abstracts, our best system obtained an F1-score of 77.60% (ranked 4th among 30 participating teams), and on the large-scale corpus of 2.4M documents, our system achieved micro-averaged F1-score of 77.32% (ranked 2nd among 9 system submissions). This demonstrates the effectiveness of domain-specific transformer models and ensemble approaches for automatic relation extraction from biomedical literature.

Embracing the (r)evolution of social media and digital scholarship in pediatric nephrology education.

Free Open-Access Medical Education (FOAMed) has transformed medical education in the past decade by complementing and substituting for traditional medical education when needed. The attractiveness of FOAMed resources is due to their inexpensive nature, wide availability, and user ability to access on demand across a variety of devices, making it easy to create, share, and participate. The subject of nephrology is complex, fascinating, and challenging. Traditional didactic lectures can be passive and ineffective in uncovering these difficult concepts and may need frequent revisions. Active teaching methods like flipped classrooms have shown some benefits, and these benefits can only be multifold with current social media tools. Social media will inspire the involvement of students and allow them to create and share educational content in a "trendy way," encouraging the participation of their peers and thus building an educational environment more conducive to them while promoting revision and retainment. FOAMed also promotes asynchronous learning, spaced learning, microlearning, and multimodal presentation with a meaningful variation. This article discusses the evolution of digital education, social media platforms, tools for creating and developing FOAMed resources, and digital scholarship.

63rd Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association of Neuropathologists - Association canadienne des neuropathologistes (CANP-ACNP): October 18th-21st 2023 Montreal, QC.

The Canadian Association of Neuropathologists - Association canadienne des neuropathologistes (CANP-ACNP) held their 63rd annual meeting at the McGill Faculty Club and The Montreal Neurological Institute in Montreal, QC, from October 18th to 21st, 2023, under the leadership of Dr. Robert Hammond, President of the CANP-ACNP, Dr. Peter Schutz, Secretary Treasurer of the CANP-ACNP, and with technical support from CANP administrator Colleen Fifield. The academic program comprised 18 scientific abstracts, 14 unknown cases, a mini-symposium on molecular testing of brain tumours in Canada, and the Presidential symposium on Pediatric Neuropathology. Digital pathology images from the 14 unknown cases are available for viewing online (www.canp.ca). The unknown case sessions were moderated by Dr. Peter Schutz. The Presidential Symposium 2023 on Pediatric Neuropathology featured the Gordon Mathieson Lecture given by Dr. M. Del Bigio on in-utero infections and their effects on the developing brain, and the David Robertson Lecture given by Dr. D. van Essen entitled Models and Mechanisms of Cerebral Cortical Expansion and Folding. The program was completed by three invited presentations with Dr. M. Oskoui presenting on the epidemiology of cerebral palsy in Canada, Dr. P. Ballabh presenting on Cerebral Gray Matter Injuries in Infants with Intraventricular Hemorrhage, and Dr. W. Foulkes presenting on CNS Manifestations of Dicer-1 Tumour Predisposition Syndrome. The Mary Tom Award for best clinical science presentation by a trainee went to Dr. K. C. Martin (Supervisor Dr. S. Yip), and the Morrison H. Finlayson Award for best basic science presentation by a trainee was won by Dr. R. Cotau (Supervisor Dr. M. Richer). The following abstracts were presented at the 63rd annual meeting of the Canadian Association of Neuropathologists - Association candienne des neuropathologistes (CANP-ACNP) in October 2023.

A Study on Distinguishing ChatGPT-Generated and Human-Written Orthopaedic Abstracts by Reviewers: Decoding the Discrepancies.

BACKGROUND: ChatGPT (OpenAI Incorporated, Mission District, San Francisco, United States) is an artificial intelligence (AI)-based language model that generates human-resembling texts. This AI-generated literary work is comprehensible and contextually relevant and it is really difficult to differentiate from human-written content. ChatGPT has risen in popularity lately and is widely utilized in scholarly manuscript drafting. The aim of this study is to identify if 1) human reviewers can differentiate between AI-generated and human-written abstracts and 2) AI detectors are currently reliable in detecting AI-generated abstracts. METHODS: Seven blinded reviewers were asked to read 21 abstracts and differentiate which were AI-generated and which were human-written. The first group consisted of three orthopaedic residents with limited research experience (OR). The second group included three orthopaedic professors with extensive research experience (OP). The seventh reviewer was a non-orthopaedic doctor and acted as a control in terms of expertise. All abstracts were scanned by a plagiarism detector program. The performance of detecting AI-generated abstracts of two different AI detectors was also analyzed. A structured interview was conducted at the end of the survey in order to evaluate the decision-making process utilized by each reviewer. RESULTS: The OR group managed to identify correctly 34.9% of the abstracts' authorship and the OP group 31.7%. The non-orthopaedic control identified correctly 76.2%. All AI-generated abstracts were 100% unique (0% plagiarism). The first AI detector managed to identify correctly only 9/21 (42.9%) of the abstracts' authors, whereas the second AI detector identified 14/21 (66.6%). CONCLUSION: Inability to correctly identify AI-generated context poses a significant scientific risk as "false" abstracts can end up in scientific conferences or publications. Neither expertise nor research background was shown to have any meaningful impact on the predictive outcome. Focus on statistical data presentation may help the differentiation process. Further research is warranted in order to highlight which elements could help reveal an AI-generated abstract.

Comparisons of Quality, Correctness, and Similarity Between ChatGPT-Generated and Human-Written Abstracts for Basic Research: Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: ChatGPT may act as a research assistant to help organize the direction of thinking and summarize research findings. However, few studies have examined the quality, similarity (abstracts being similar to the original one), and accuracy of the abstracts generated by ChatGPT when researchers provide full-text basic research papers. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess the applicability of an artificial intelligence (AI) model in generating abstracts for basic preclinical research. METHODS: We selected 30 basic research papers from Nature, Genome Biology, and Biological Psychiatry. Excluding abstracts, we inputted the full text into ChatPDF, an application of a language model based on ChatGPT, and we prompted it to generate abstracts with the same style as used in the original papers. A total of 8 experts were invited to evaluate the quality of these abstracts (based on a Likert scale of 0-10) and identify which abstracts were generated by ChatPDF, using a blind approach. These abstracts were also evaluated for their similarity to the original abstracts and the accuracy of the AI content. RESULTS: The quality of ChatGPT-generated abstracts was lower than that of the actual abstracts (10-point Likert scale: mean 4.72, SD 2.09 vs mean 8.09, SD 1.03; P<.001). The difference in quality was significant in the unstructured format (mean difference -4.33; 95% CI -4.79 to -3.86; P<.001) but minimal in the 4-subheading structured format (mean difference -2.33; 95% CI -2.79 to -1.86). Among the 30 ChatGPT-generated abstracts, 3 showed wrong conclusions, and 10 were identified as AI content. The mean percentage of similarity between the original and the generated abstracts was not high (2.10%-4.40%). The blinded reviewers achieved a 93% (224/240) accuracy rate in guessing which abstracts were written using ChatGPT. CONCLUSIONS: Using ChatGPT to generate a scientific abstract may not lead to issues of similarity when using real full texts written by humans. However, the quality of the ChatGPT-generated abstracts was suboptimal, and their accuracy was not 100%.

Towards More Generalizable and Accurate Sentence Classification in Medical Abstracts with Less Data.

With the unprecedented growth of biomedical publications, it is important to have structured abstracts in bibliographic databases (i.e., PubMed), thus, to facilitate the information retrieval and knowledge synthesis in needs of researchers. Here, we propose a few-shot prompt learning-based approach to classify sentences in medical abstracts of randomized clinical trials (RCT) and observational studies (OS) to subsections of Introduction, Background, Methods, Results, and Conclusion, using an existing corpus of RCT (PubMed 200k/20k RCT) and a newly built corpus of OS (PubMed 20k OS). Five manually designed templates in a combination of 4 BERT model variants were tested and compared to a previous hierarchical sequential labeling network architecture and traditional BERT-based sentence classification method. On the PubMed 200k and 20k RCT datasets, we achieved overall F1 scores of 0.9508 and 0.9401, respectively. Under few-shot settings, we demonstrated that only 20% of training data is sufficient to achieve a comparable F1 score by the HSLN model (0.9266 by us and 0.9263 by HSLN). When trained on the RCT dataset, our method achieved a 0.9065 F1 score on the OS dataset. When trained on the OS dataset, our method achieved a 0.9203 F1 score on the RCT dataset. We show that the prompt learning-based method outperformed the existing method, even when fewer training samples were used. Moreover, the proposed method shows better generalizability across two types of medical publications when compared with the existing approach. We make the datasets and codes publicly available at: https://github.com/YanHu-or-SawyerHu/prompt-learning-based-sentence-classifier-in-medical-abstracts.

Longitudinal qualitative study of paired mentor-mentee perspectives on the abstract submission process.

BACKGROUND: Submitting research abstracts to scientific societies is expected in academic medicine and requires dedicated time and effort. The authors queried mentors and mentees to ascertain what topics and proposed strategies should be included in a new curriculum to enhance the abstract submission process. METHODS: Between May 2019 and March 2020, the authors enrolled 14 senior-rank mentors from diverse disciplines at a tertiary musculoskeletal center and their 14-paired mentees (mostly residents and fellows) into a several-component qualitative study consisting of in-depth interviews several months before abstract submission addressing prior experiences, and longitudinal follow-up interviews 1 month before, 1 week before, and 1 week after submission to uncover challenges faced during the actual process and strategies that were effective in overcoming these challenges. Additional contacts occurred through November 2020 to ascertain outcomes of submissions. Mentors and mentees were unaware of each other's responses. Responses were grouped into categories using grounded theory and a comparative analytic strategy. RESULTS: At enrollment participants recounted details from prior abstracts that included experiences with the submission process such as format, content, and online requirements, and experiences with interpersonal interactions such as managing coinvestigators' competing priories and consulting with statisticians in a timely manner. Benefits of submitting abstracts included advancing mentees' careers and increasing research methodology rigor. Challenges encountered during the submission process included meeting deadlines before all data were acquired, time away from other responsibilities, and uncertainty about handling changing conclusions as more data accrued. Delayed feedback from coinvestigators and broadening the scope or changing the focus of the abstract compounded the time crunch to meet the submission deadline. At the time of abstract submission mentor-mentee pairs agreed that major challenges were dealing with collaborators, incomplete data/limited results, and different work styles. The authors developed a proposal for a comprehensive curriculum to include organizational, technical and interpersonal topics. CONCLUSIONS: This longitudinal qualitative study involving mentor-mentee pairs revealed multiple benefits and challenges associated with submitting research abstracts. These findings provide the foundation for a comprehensive curriculum to enhance this recurring labor-intensive undertaking and cornerstone of academic medicine.

Racial, Gender, and Size Bias in a Medical Graphical Abstract Gallery: A Content Analysis.

Introduction: Graphical abstracts may enhance dissemination of scientific and medical research but are also prone to reductionism and bias. We conducted a systematic content analysis of the Journal of Internal Medicine (JIM) Graphical Abstract Gallery to assess for evidence of bias. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 140 graphical abstracts published by JIM between February 2019 and May 2020. Using a combination of inductive and deductive approaches, we developed a set of codes and code definitions for thematic, mixed-methods analysis. Results: We found that JIM graphical abstracts disproportionately emphasized male (59.5%) and light-skinned (91.3%) bodies, stigmatized large body size, and overstated genetic and behavioral causes of disease, even relative to the articles they purportedly represented. Whereas 50.7% of the graphical surface area was coded as representing genetic factors, just 0.4% represented the social environment. Discussion: Our analysis suggests evidence of bias and reductionism promoting normative white male bodies, linking large bodies with disease and death, conflating race with genetics, and overrepresenting genes while underrepresenting the environment as a driver of health and illness. These findings suggest that uncritical use of graphical abstracts may distort rather than enhance our understanding of disease; harm patients who are minoritized by race, gender, or body size; and direct attention away from dismantling the structural barriers to health equity. Conclusion: We recommend that journals develop standards for mitigating bias in the publication of graphical abstracts that (1) ensure diverse skin tone and gender representation, (2) mitigate weight bias, (3) avoid racial or ethnic essentialism, and (4) attend to sociostructural contributors to disease.

2023 IJSPT Orthopedic Summit Research Abstracts.

The International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy is pleased to publish abstracts from the thirteenth Orthopaedic Summit (OSET) taking place in Boston, September 19-23, 2023. The IJSPT hosted the third annual research forum and reception at OSET, sponsored by ATI Physical Therapy and Hyperice. The abstracts presented in the following pages were selected by the OSET Research Committee and editorial staff of the International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy. After careful review, a total of 20 research abstracts were accepted and presented at OSET 2023. Awards for outstanding abstracts were presented on September 22. The 2023 abstracts include contemporary orthopaedic and rehabilitation topics across various research designs. Each abstract presents only a brief summary of a research project / presentation and does not permit full assessment of the scientific rigor with which the work was conducted. While the abstracts offer only preliminary results that may require further refinement and future validation, they do serve an important role in sharing new research ideas and rehabilitation advancements. This sharing of ideas helps to encourage dialogue among researchers, clinicians, and educators that will ultimately contribute to the orthopaedic and rehabilitation body of knowledge. We strongly encourage authors to continue pursuing the publication of their research as a full manuscript. Thank you to all submitting abstracts for consideration. We look forward to another outstanding season of submissions for OSET in 2024. Phil Page PhD, PT, ATC Chuck Thigpen PhD, PT, ATC OSET Research Committee Co-Chairs.

The Lower Urinary Tract Science Group-ICI-RS. 7th June 2023 record of a meeting at Bristol University, UK.

AIMS: The aim of a preliminary session of the International Continence on Incontinence-Research Society (ICI-RS) was to provide a forum for an international group of experimental scientists, who are members of ICI-RS, to explain their on-going work to fellow laboratory scientists, to obtain feedback about future directions and discuss potential future collaborations. METHODS: Fourteen Individual abstracts are presented as submitted by the attendees. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The presentations and attendant abstracts reflect a wide variety of fundamental research currently underway that is designed to have translational outputs with respect to the management and treatment of lower urinary tract pathologies.

Tasa de publicaciones de trabajos presentados sobre artritis reumatoidea en congresos de Reumatología / Publication rates of papers on rheumatoid arthritis submitted to Congresses of Rheumatology

Resumen Introducción: se publica una minoría de todos los trabajos presentados en los Congresos Argentinos de Reumatología (CAR). Objetivos: analizar los temas de estudio (TDE) de los trabajos sobre artritis reumatoidea (AR) presentados en los CAR y su tasa de publicación. Materiales y métodos: se analizaron todos los resúmenes sobre AR, como motivo primario de estudio, presentados en los CAR entre 2008 y 2017. Se agruparon según TDE, y se determinaron los TDE repetidos definidos como, al menos, dos estudios similares presentados sobre el mismo tema. Se determinó la tasa de publicación, el número de estudios similares por TDE, el número de centros participantes y el número de pacientes estudiados. Resultados: sobre 346 trabajos presentados, 51 (14,7%) fueron publicados. Se publicaron 14 (11,9%) de los 118 estudios sobre TDE repetidos versus 37 (16,2%) del resto de los TDE (p=0,4). Los trabajos sobre TDE repetidos no incluyeron más pacientes ni involucraron a un número mayor de centros. Se encontraron 13 TDE repetidos con al menos tres estudios similares y ningún estudio publicado. Conclusiones: solo una minoría de los trabajos sobre AR se publicó. Un tercio de los trabajos presentados en los CAR correspondió a TDE repetidos, que no mejoraron la tasa de publicación.

Abstract Introduction: only a few articles submitted to the Argentine Congress of Rheumatology (ACOR) are published. Objectives: to analyse the topics of study (TOS) and the publication rate of articles on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) submitted to the ACOR. Materials and methods: every abstract submitted to the ACOR between 2008 and 2017, whose primary research subject was RA, was analyzed and sorted according to TOS. Repeated TOS, defined as at least two similar studies on the same topic, were identified. The publication rate and the number of similar studies according to TOS, participating centers, and patients were determined. Results: out of 346 articles submitted, 51 (14.7%) were published. Fourteen (11.9%) of the 118 studies on repeated TOS were published vs. 37 (16.2%) of the rest of the TOS (p: 0.4). The articles on repeated TOS neither included more patients nor involved a higher number of centers. Thirteen repeated TOS with at least three similar studies, but no published articles were identified. Conclusions: only a few articles on RA were published. One third of the studies submitted to the ACOR are repeated TOS, a fact that does not improve the publication rate.

Cochrane review abstracts are getting longer, but this has no large impact on the reporting quality.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reporting of abstracts of Cochrane Reviews according to PRISMA-A and to investigate a possible association with the abstract´s length. METHODS: This is a retrospective, observational study based on all Cochrane Reviews indexed in Medline (via PubMed) until November 18, 2022. In the second part, a random sample of 440 abstracts was drawn, in which PRISMA-A adherence was assessed by two independent reviewers. Analyses were stratified by the year of publication and the number of words. RESULTS: Overall, the median number of words of the 15,188 included abstracts was 469 (IQR 389-686 words), steadily increasing from 353 words in 2000 to 838 words in 2022, with less than one percent of the abstracts in 2022 having ≤ 300 words (in 2000: 30.7%). Analyses on PRISMA-A adherence in the random sample showed a mean score of 6.1 out of 12 fully reported items. Stratified by year, PRISMA-A adherence increased, with higher word counts in 2000-2010 and 2011-2015, while there was no difference in PRISMA-A adherence by abstract length in 2016-2022. CONCLUSION: Over the years, abstracts of Cochrane Reviews have become longer, running up to 1000 words. This conflicts with the Cochrane Handbook, which recommends a maximum length of 400 until it was aligned with MECIR in 2019, which has recommended a length of <700 words since 2012 but allows up to 1000 words. It is debatable whether such long abstracts meet the key goals of abstracts of being informative, accurate, appealing, and concise.

Publication Rate of Abstracts Presented at the 2011-2019 Society for Education in Anesthesia Meetings.

Introduction: The Society for Education in Anesthesia (SEA) promotes dissemination of discoveries and innovations. We investigated the rate of publication of SEA Spring Meeting abstracts, hypothesizing that Research abstracts were published more frequently than Innovative Curriculum abstracts. We also studied the time between abstract presentation and publication and tracked the journals in which they were published. Methods: All abstracts presented at SEA spring meetings from 2011-2019 were included. We searched PubMed for published articles that were based on those SEA abstracts. We calculated the overall publication rate and the respective publication rates for Research and Innovative Curriculum abstracts. We calculated odds ratio (OR) and performed the Pearson χ2 test to compare publication rates between Research abstracts and Innovative Curriculum abstracts. We calculated the mean number of years between meeting presentation and publication and tabulated the number of works published in each journal. Results: A total of 351 abstracts (128 Research and 223 Curriculum) were presented at SEA spring meetings. The overall publication rate was 15% (52/351). Research abstracts were published more frequently than Curriculum abstracts: 24.2% (31/128) versus 9.4% (21/223); OR = 3.1 (95% confidence interval, 1.7-5.6); P = .0003. The mean time from presentation to publication was 1.7 ± 1.3 years. The works appeared in 20 different journals. Conclusion: SEA Spring Meeting abstracts were published less frequently than abstracts from other medical professional society meetings (21%-72.3%). Although the lower publication rate of Innovative Curriculum abstracts unique to the SEA meeting largely explains this shortfall, a relatively low publication rate, even for the Research abstracts, signals opportunities for growth.